Promotion by tryptophan of growth and root formation in lowbush blueberry pericarp callus cultures

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 881-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy L. Nickerson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Callus Growth ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) pericarp callus grew slowly and formed normal tetraploid roots on Nitsch's medium containing L-tryptophan and kinetin. Both growth and rooting depended on the levels of these two substances in the medium. Rooting declined but callus growth rates changed little over successive subcultures. When tryptophan was replaced by indoleacetic acid, indolebutyric acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, or naphthaleneacetic acid, callus growth rates increased but no roots formed. Tryptophan medium did not support callus growth or induce rooting unless the tryptophan was autoclaved with the rest of the medium; thus suggesting that an active substance is produced by reaction of the tryptophan with some other constitutent(s) of the medium during heating.

In vitro culture of Bouvardia ternifolia

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 917-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonor Fernandez ◽  
Estela Sanchez de Jimenez
Keyword(s):  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Napthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Callus cultures were induced from radicle and leaf tissues of Bouvardia ternifolia (trompetilla). Optimum growth regulator concentrations for radicle callus cultures were 1 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.005 mg/L kinetin; for leaf callus they were either 2 mg/L naphthaleneacetic acid and 0.002 mg/L benzylaminopurine or 5 mg/L of idoleacetic acid and 0.01 mg/L kinetin. Callus has been maintained in culture for nearly 3 years with a very rapid growth rate.A generation time of approximately 24 to 28 h was obtained for batch cell suspension cultures. Production of protoplasts from suspension cultures was optimized with a yield of 70 to 90%. Protoplast culture was achieved in droplets of fresh medium with 2 mg/L napthaleneacetic acid, 0.01 mg/L benzylaminopurine, and0.5 M mannitol. After 2 years, callus in culture still retained its organogenetic capacity. An average of 18 complete plantlets from approximately 2 g of callus can be obtained after transfer to medium with 0.1 mg/L indoleacetic acid and 0.1 mg/L benzylaminopurine.

Isolation and cultivation of protoplasts from morphogenetic callus cultures of Lilium

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 512-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Simmonds ◽  
Daina H. Simmonds ◽  
Bruce G. Cumming
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Sodium Fluorescein ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Cell Wall Formation ◽  
Wall Formation ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Protoplasts isolated from Lilium callus which was maintained on media containing 2% sucrose contained large deposits of starch granules and lysed during isolation and washing procedures. Stable protoplast preparations could be obtained from callus which had been subcultured on sucrose-free medium for 3 weeks. Maximum protoplast yield (1.5 × 106 per gram fresh weight) was obtained when KCl (0.3 M) was the osmotic stabilizer. Inclusion of CaCl2 (25 mM) and MgSO4 (25 mM) in the isolation and wash media decreased protoplast lysis. Viability of protoplasts isolated in the high salts medium was determined by their ability to accumulate sodium fluorescein in the cytoplasm. No cell-wall formation occurred when salts were used as the osmoticum in various culture media. Continuous light (5000 lx) was inhibitory to protoplast survival. When protoplasts were transferred, via a series of wash solutions, to culture media using sugars as the osmoticum and cultured in darkness, cell-wall formation was detected after 3 days and cell divisions after 21 days. Zeatin (10−6 M), was needed for cell-wall formation. Cell division was stimulated by a combination of zeatin (10−6 M), naphthaleneacetic acid (10−5 M), and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (10−7 M) in the basic nutrient medium.

UPTAKE AND METABOLISM OF INDOLEACETIC ACID, NAPHTHALENEACETIC ACID, AND 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID BY PEA ROOT SEGMENTS IN RELATION TO GROWTH INHIBITION DURING AND AFTER AUXIN APPLICATION

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 737-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Andreae
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Root Segments ◽  
Pea Root ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
A Site

Growth inhibition by applied indoleacetic acid (IAA), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was studied using change in fresh weight of pea root segments as the criterion of growth. Auxin metabolism of these tissues was investigated with 14C-labeled auxins applied under conditions similar to those used in the growth studies.Growth inhibition by applied auxins is independent of the rate of auxin uptake, accumulation of auxin or auxin metabolites in the tissues, or the subsequent loss of accumulated auxin from the tissues. It is also independent of the metabolic processes leading either to auxin conjugation with aspartic acid or to decarboxylation. All three auxins inhibit growth to a similar degree, which depends only on the concentration of auxin applied and the pH of the solution. Inhibition persists undiminished as long as the auxin is applied. It is suggested that growth inhibition by applied auxin occurs at a site external to the cytoplasm, i.e. the cell wall or the cytoplasmic membrane.Growth inhibition of tissues after auxin treatment has ceased is not due to the auxin remaining in the tissues but rather to the auxin released from the tissues to the solution to which they have been transferred. Untreated tissues incubated in the same transfer solution with treated tissues are equally inhibited. The persistence of growth inhibition after treatment depends upon the ability of the tissues to convert accumulated auxins to physiologically inactive metabolites. Conjugation with aspartic acid accounts for the inactivation of all the accumulated NAA metabolized and the major part of the IAA. IAA decarboxylation under these conditions plays a lesser role. Growth recovery following treatment with IAA or NAA occurs as these auxins are metabolized. 2,4-D is not metabolized to any appreciable extent during these studies, and tissues remain inhibited to a degree consistent with the concentration of 2,4-D in the transfer solution.

Wechselwirkung pflanzlicher Wachstumshormone mit Membranen

1969 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1046-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Weigl
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Growth Hormones ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Phenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Ion Permeability ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

A strong physical association of indoleacetic acid. 2.4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid, indolepropionic acid and indolebutyric acid with lecithin was found which might have physiological significance (regulation, polar mobility). The association is assumed to be mainly due to bonding between the complementary charged groups of the phospholipid and auxin molecules and to specific interaction of the more hydrophobic parts of the molecules.The following interactions were established:Lecithin dissolved in CCl4 moves indoleacetic acid and 2.4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid out of an aqueous phase. Cholesterol, long chain fatty acids and amines did not give this interaction with indoleacetic acid and 2.4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 4, 5.1 mole lecithin was found to bind up to 0.8 mole indoleacetic acid. Cephalin and phosphatidylserin exhibit a weaker interaction. Indolepropionic acid and indolebutyric acid were found to compete with indoleacetic acid. There was no effective competition of benzoic acid, phenoxyacetic acid, phenylacetic acid, cholesterol and several fatty aids with indoleacetic acid for the binding sites on the lecithin molecule. 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid appears to be bound stronger than indoleacetic acid and phenoxyacetic acid. Indoleacetic acid and 2.4-dichlorophenoxyaetic acid were incorporated into swollen lecithin lamellae.Similar interactions are to be expected for other hormones and phospholipids. The lipoprotein structures of cell membranes may be visualized to interact even more specificly with growth hormones than our model system. It is suggested that interaction of hormones with membranes should be considered in theories on regulation. Experiments on ion permeability indicate an influence of indoleacetic acid on cell membranes.

scholarly journals Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from callus cultures of Cleome rosea Vahl

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Simões ◽  
Norma Albarello ◽  
Cátia Henriques Callado ◽  
Tatiana Carvalho de Castro ◽  
Elisabeth Mansur
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Stem Explants ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Fold Reduction ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Embryogenic Callus Formation

This paper describes a protocol for the efficient vegetative propagation of Cleome rosea by somatic embryogenesis. Leaf and stem explants from nursery-grown seedlings of C. rosea were cultivated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a -naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram) or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Nodular calli were produced from both explant types in the presence of 4.5 and 9.0 µM 2,4-D. Embryo development and maturation were achieved when calli from stem explants were transferred to media containing a ten-fold reduction of 2,4-D concentration initially used (0.45 and 0.90 µM). Leaf-derived calli did not form embryos with the same treatments. The highest frequency of embryogenic callus formation (85%) and number of embryo per callus (13.45 ± 2.8) were achieved during the first subculture on medium supplemented with 0.90 µM 2,4-D. Embryo conversion into plantlets was achieved following transfer to growth regulator-free MS medium solidified with 2 g.L-1 phytagel. An acclimatization rate of 53% was found three months after transfer to ex vitro conditions and the recovered plants presented a normal phenotypic aspect.

scholarly journals Organogenesis and plant formation from cotyledon and callus culture of rape

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina H. Rogozińska ◽  
Lucyna Drozdowska
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Callus Growth ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Cotyledon Explants ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Cotyledon explants of rape were excised from aseptically germinated seedlings and cultured during 2 weeks on M u r a s h i g e and S k o o g medium supplemented with auxins, cytokinins, auxin-cytokinin combinations and abscisic acid. Callus formation occurred on medium with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), naphthalene-l-acetic acid (NAA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and on their combinations with kinetin (K) or 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Regeneration of roots was achieved on media with NAA, IAA and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and on combinations of these auxins with cytokinins. The presence of 2,4-D in the medium, though it promoted compact callus growth, had an inhibitory effect on root formation. Callus derived from the cotyledons had somewhat different requirements for growth in subculture and the root formation ability diminished in the course of the culture. Lower ABA concentrations stimulated callus growth whereas higher concentrations inhibited it similary as in the case of cotyledons. Shoot buds regenerated from the cotyledons after ca. 3 weeks on media supplemented with NAA + BAP. The 9-week-old plantlets transferred to the soil developed into complete plants. The plants which underwent vernalization formed flowers and normal seeds.

Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from zygotic embryo-derived callus cultures of allium altaicum pall.

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (03) ◽  
pp. 82-88
Author(s):  
Zavzandulam М ◽  
Buyanchimeg B ◽  
Enkhchimeg V
Keyword(s):  
Callus Induction ◽  
Zygotic Embryo ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Red Data Book ◽  
Data Book ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Altain onion (Allium altaicum Pall.) grows wildly under different ecological conditions and one of the listed rare plant in Red Data Book of Mongolia. Allium altaicum pall belong to a member of the onion family (Alliaceae) and has been used for both culinary and traditional medicine and a perennial herb.The purpose of this research is to get micropropogated plants in in vitro condition from Mongolian the Allium altaicum Pall tissue culture. Allium altaicum Pall. regeneration from zygotic embryo was 70% in MS medium with 0.5 mg/l 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid, 0.2 mg/l kinetin compare to control. Convenient condition for primary callus induction observed in MS medium with 1 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 0.6 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine, 2mg/l glycine by 50.4%. Regeneration of callus induction was 61.3% and somatic embryos formed plantlets on regeneration 0.1 мг/л 2,4-D 0.1 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 1 мг/л BAP 1 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine.

Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from cell suspension derived protoplasts of Solanum melongena (eggplant)

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gleddie ◽  
W. A. Keller ◽  
G. Setterfield
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Subsequent Regeneration

Cell suspension cultures of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) were initiated from embryogenic callus cultures and maintained in medium supplemented with either 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Higher yields of protoplasts were obtained from cells grown in 2,4-D than in NAA. The efficiency of cell division was also greater in protoplast cultures derived from cells grown in the presence of 2,4-D. Protoplast-derived cells formed somatic embryos in modified Kao or Nagata and Takebe media which were supplemented with 1 mg/L 2,4-D. Early stages of embryogenesis were observed in liquid medium; however, these embryos and associated cell colonies were transferred onto agar-solidified medium for subsequent regeneration. Mature plants were established in soil in the greenhouse.

Selectivity of auxin for induction and growth of callus from excised embryo of spring and winter wheat

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1393-1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Zhou ◽  
T. T. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Methoxybenzoic Acid

The callus-promoting activity of most commonly known as well as some rarely tested auxins was compared with that of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) for in vitro culture of the excised embryo of spring and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), cv. Chinese Spring and cv. Fredrick. Different auxins in a concentration range from 1 to 50 μM showed widely different activities. Also the two wheat cultivars responded differently to the auxins. When rapid callus formation with limited root growth was used as the basis for comparison, 2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)propionic acid (2-MCPP), α-naphthaleneacetic acid, 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (dicamba), 4-amino-3,5,6,trichloropicolinic acid (picloram), γ-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxypropionic acid, in the order of effectiveness, were superior to 2,4,-D for callus induction from the embryo of 'Chinese Spring,' although the concentration required was higher than that of 2,4-D. For the winter wheat 'Fredrick,' however, only picloram, dicamba, and 2-MCPP performed as well as 2,4-D. All auxins tested promoted shoot growth; 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxypropionic acid was most effective for 'Chinese Spring,' whereas picloram was most effective for 'Fredrick.'

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