Effects of sulphur dioxide and ozone, singly or in combination, on membrane permeability

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Beckerson ◽  
G. Hofstra
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Solute Leakage ◽  
White Bean ◽  
Increase Membrane Permeability ◽  
Species Responses

The effects of 0.15 ppm sulphur dioxide and (or) 0.15 ppm ozone on membrane permeability, measured by electrical conductivity of solute leakage, were determined for soybean, white bean, cucumber, and radish. Solute leakage increased significantly prior to visible injury for soybean and white bean exposed to 0.15 ppm ozone alone. This results in water-soaked lesions on the upper leaf surface prior to visible coloured necrotic lesions and is representative of a "leaky" plasmalemma. The sulphur dioxide – ozone mixture did not increase solute leakage above that of the control for white bean and soybean. Therefore, the presence of sulphur dioxide, in combination with ozone, attenuates or reduces the effects of ozone on increasing membrane permeability of white bean and soybean. Ozone alone did not affect membrane permeability in cucumber and radish. The sulphur dioxide – ozone mixture, which produced more injury than ozone alone, did increase membrane permeability temporarily for radish and cucumber but this occurred only after visible injury symptoms appeared. Overall, the effects of the pollutants singly or in combination on membrane permeability appear to offer an explanation of differences in species responses.

EFFECTS OF HERBICIDES OF DIFFERENT MODES OF ACTION ON LEAF-CELL MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY IN PHASEOLUS VULGARIS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 613-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
JACINTA CROWLEY ◽  
G. N. PRENDEVILLE
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Cell Permeability ◽  
Cell Membrane Permeability ◽  
Leaf Cell ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Leakage of electrolytes from leaf discs of treated Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants was used to study the effects of several herbicides of different modes of action on leaf-cell membrane permeability. Linuron (N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-methoxy-N-methylurea), prometryne (4,6-bisisopropylamino-2-methylthio-1,3,5-triazine), bromacil (5,bromo-6-methyl-3-(1-methyl-n-propyl) uracil), sodium azide and dalapon (2,2-dichloropropionic acid) increased leaf-cell permeability at 24 h after treatment and this occurred without appearance of leaf necrosis. Glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine) increased leaf-cell permeability at 96 h and this was always associated with visible injury, including wilting. Paraquat (1,1-dimethyl-4,4-bipyridylium) at 10−5M increased leaf-cell permeability 48 h after treatment, without apparent leaf damage, but at higher concentrations, increased permeability was always associated with visible effects. Chlorpropham (isopropyl N-(d)3-chlorophenyl) carbamate), picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) and 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) did not alter cell permeability even though epinastic symptoms in leaves became evident 24 h after treatment with picloram and 2,4-D.

scholarly journals ε-Polylysine Inhibits Shewanella putrefaciens with Membrane Disruption and Cell Damage

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (20) ◽  
pp. 3727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiqing LAN ◽  
Nannan ZHANG ◽  
Shucheng LIU ◽  
Mengling CHEN ◽  
Jing XIE
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Shewanella Putrefaciens ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Uv Absorbance ◽  
The Impact

ε-Polylysine (ε-PL) was studied for the growth inhibition of Shewanella putrefaciens (S. putrefaciens). The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ε-PL against S. putrefaciens was measured by the broth dilution method, while the membrane permeability and metabolism of S. putrefaciens were assessed after ε-PL treatment. Additionally, growth curves, the content of alkaline phosphatase (AKP), the electrical conductivity (EC), the UV absorbance and scanning electron microscope (SEM) data were used to study cellular morphology. The impact of ε-PL on cell metabolism was also investigated by different methods, such as enzyme activity (peroxidase [POD], catalase [CAT], succinodehydrogenase [SDH] and malic dehydrogenase [MDH]) and cell metabolic activity. The results showed that the MIC of ε-PL against S. putrefaciens was 1.0 mg/mL. When S. putrefaciens was treated with ε-PL, the growth of the bacteria was inhibited and the AKP content, electrical conductivity and UV absorbance were increased, which demonstrated that ε-PL could damage the cell structure. The enzyme activities of POD, CAT, SDH, and MDH in the bacterial solution with ε-PL were decreased compared to those in the ordinary bacterial solution. As the concentration of ε-PL was increased, the enzyme activity decreased further. The respiratory activity of S. putrefaciens was also inhibited by ε-PL. The results suggest that ε-PL acts on the cell membrane of S. putrefaciens, thereby increasing membrane permeability and inhibiting enzyme activity in relation to respiratory metabolism and cell metabolism. This leads to inhibition of cell growth, and eventually cell death.

Sulphur dioxide effects on cell structure and photosynthetic performance in the liverwort Frullania dilatata

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Gimeno ◽  
Vicente I Deltoro
Keyword(s):  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Electron Flow ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Induction Kinetics ◽  
Direct Exposure ◽  
Flow Through

The effects of SO2 exposure, carried out in controlled-environment cuvettes, on the photosynthetic performance of the liverwort Frullania dilatata (L.) Dum. were investigated by means of chorophyll a fluorescence induction kinetics and gas-exchange measurements. Additionally, visible-injury symptoms developing in leaves as a result of exposure to the pollutant were quantified and described. The adverse effects of SO2 on photosynthesis could be seen as (i) a decreased electron flow through photosystem II (PSII), (ii) an increased degree of closure of PSII centres, (iii) a lowered capacity for dissipative processes, and (iv) reduced net CO2 assimilation rates. Additionally, SO2 induced severe cell injury that ranged from cells without oil bodies to cells with collapsed plasma membrane and disorganized organelles. The distribution pattern of injuries in the shoots ofF. dilatata suggests that SO2-induced damage is related to the degree of direct exposure to the pollutant. It is possible that, because this liverwort grows in dense patches with overlapping branches, some protection is conferred to basal leaves.Key words: Frullania dilatata, chlorophyll fluorescence, sulphur dioxide, fumigation, cellular injury.

Effect of sulphur dioxide and ozone singly or in combination on leaf chlorophyll, RNA, and protein in white bean

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (18) ◽  
pp. 1940-1945 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Beckerson ◽  
G. Hofstra
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Normal Leaf ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Leaf Drop ◽  
White Bean ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
Rna Levels

The effect of 0.15 ppm ozone and (or) 0.15 ppm sulphurdioxide on leaf chlorophyll, RNA, and protein levels was investigated. Ozone-treated leaves exhibited reddish-brown colored lesions and an immediate and continuous decrease in chlorophyll a and b levels over a 5-day period, whereas protein levels increased and there was no effect on RNA levels compared to the control group of plants. Sulphur dioxide-treated leaves exhibited an immediate increase in chlorophyll a and b, but protein and RNA levels were not affected. The sulphur dioxide – ozone mixture caused an interveinal chlorisis by about day 3 and produced a decrease in chlorophyll a and b which was delayed by 2 days compared with leaves exposed to ozone alone. By the end of the 5-day period, chlorophyll a and b levels were less than in leaves treated with ozone alone, but the interveinal chlorosis that occurred was not due to phaeophytinization of the chlorophyll molecules. Protein and RNA levels were not affected. Although both ozone and the pollutant mixture caused chlorophyll destruction and premature leaf drop, the changes that occurred in the leaf were not typical of normal leaf senescence.

Halosulfuron tankmixes applied preplant incorporated for weed control in white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenyi Li ◽  
Rene Van Acker ◽  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
White Bean ◽  
Bean Yield ◽  
Lamb’S Quarters

Six field experiments were conducted over a two-year period (2013 and 2014) to evaluate the tolerance of white bean and spectrum of weeds controlled with halosulfuron applied preplant incorporated (PPI) alone or tankmixed with trifluralin, pendimethalin, EPTC, dimethenamid-P, or S-metolachlor. Halosulfuron applied alone or in tankmix with trifluralin, pendimethalin, EPTC, dimethenamid-P, or S-metolachlor caused 2% or less visible injury 1 and 4 weeks after emergence (WAE). Halosulfuron applied PPI controlled common lamb's-quarters, wild mustard, redroot pigweed, and common ragweed greater than 90% and green foxtail less than 60% 4 and 8 WAE. Weed biomass and density followed a similar pattern. White bean yield with halosulfuron applied alone or in tankmix with the same herbicides was equivalent to the weed-free control.

Halosulfuron Tank-Mixes Applied PRE in White Bean

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenyi Li ◽  
Rene C. Van Acker ◽  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
White Bean ◽  
Bean Yield

White bean tolerance and weed control were examined by applying halosulfuron alone or in combination with pendimethalin, dimethenamid-P, orS-metolachlor applied PRE. All herbicides applied alone or in combination caused less than 3% visible injury 1 and 4 wk after emergence (WAE). Halosulfuron applied PRE provided greater than 95% control of common lambsquarters, wild mustard, redroot pigweed, and common ragweed and less than 55% control of green foxtail at 4 and 8 WAE. Weed density and dry weight at 8 WAE paralleled the control ratings. Dry bean yields in halosulfuron plus a soil applied grass herbicide did not differ compared to the weed-free control. Green foxtail competition with halosulfuron PRE applied alone resulted in reduced white bean yield compared to the weed-free control.

EFFECT OF DICHLOFOP METHYL ON LEAF-CELL MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY IN WILD OAT, BARLEY AND WHEAT

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
JACINTA CROWLEY ◽  
G. N. PRENDEVILLE
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Cell Membrane Permeability ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Leaf Cell ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Leaf Discs ◽  
Wild Oats

Leakage of electrolytes from leaf discs of treated wild oats, barley and wheat plants was the criterion used to compare the effect of dichlofop methyl 2-{4-(2, 4-dichlorophenoxy) phenoxy} propionate on leaf-cell membrane permeability in these species. Leakage of electrolytes from wild oats and barley occurred within 12 h and increased up to 96 h following foliar application of the chemical at the rate of 0.112 kg/ha and 0.56 kg/ha, while in wheat it occurred only at the highest rate and after an interval of 48 h. Increases in leaf-cell membrane permeability occurred in each of the three species before the appearance of visible injury such as discoloration or necrotic areas in leaf tips.

OZONE AND SULPHUR DIOXIDE INTERACTION IN WHITE BEAN AND SOYBEAN

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1193-1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. HOFSTRA ◽  
D. P. ORMROD
Keyword(s):  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Leaf Injury ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
White Bean ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Soybean Leaves ◽  
Weight Data

White bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) plants were exposed to 15 pphm (v/v) ozone and/or 7.5, 15, 30, 45 or 60 pphm sulphur dioxide for 5 or 10 days in controlled environment facilities. Ozone-induced leaf injury consisted of bronze flecking on mature leaves of both species. Sulphur dioxide caused bifacial necrotic lesions on mature leaves of some white bean plants exposed to 60 pphm and had no effect on soybean leaves. The combined gases on white bean resulted in leaf injury symptoms consisting of yellow interveinal chlorosis which appeared several days later than did bronzing on corresponding leaves exposed to ozone alone. In soybean, characteristic ozone-induced lesions appeared on leaves of plants exposed to the combined gases but the onset of injury was several days later than in plants exposed only to ozone. Both injury ratings and plant weight data corresponded to the observed injury pattern.

scholarly journals Weed Control in White Bean with Pethoxamid Tank-Mixes Applied Preemergence

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Lynette R. Brown ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Navy Bean ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
White Bean ◽  
Bean Yield

Six field experiments were conducted during 2015 to 2017 in Ontario, Canada, to determine the efficacy of pethoxamid applied alone, and in combination with broadleaf herbicides, for the control of annual grass and broadleaved weeds in white navy bean. Visible injury was generally minimal (0 to 8%) with herbicide treatments evaluated. Weed control was variable depending on the weed species evaluated. Pethoxamid,S-metolachlor, halosulfuron, imazethapyr, sulfentrazone, pethoxamid + halosulfuron, pethoxamid + imazethapyr, and pethoxamid + sulfentrazone controlled redroot pigweed 82 to 98%; common ragweed 19 to 93%; common lambsquarters 49 to 84%; and green foxtail 47 to 92% in white bean. Weed biomass and weed density reductions were similar to visible control ratings for herbicides evaluated. Weed interference delayed white bean maturity and reduced yield by 50% in this study. Weed interference in plots sprayed with pethoxamid,S-metolachlor, and sulfentrazone reduced white bean yield 36%. White bean yield was similar to the weed-free with other herbicides evaluated. This study concludes that there is potential for the tank-mix of pethoxamid with halosulfuron, imazethapyr, or sulfentrazone for weed control in white bean production.

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