The early morphogenesis of Glycine max and Pisum sativum root nodules

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (23) ◽  
pp. 2603-2616 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Newcomb ◽  
David Sippell ◽  
R. L. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Mitotic Activity ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Infected Tissue ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Central Mass ◽  
Root Hair Cell ◽  
Infected Root

The development of preemergent and early emergent stages of soybean (Glycine max) and garden pea (Pisum sativum) root nodules has been studied utilizing the superior preservation and resolution obtained by noncoagulative fixatives and subsequent embedding in plastic. In both species, extensive mitotic activity and cytological changes occur in the root cortical cells while the infection thread is restricted to the infected root hair cell. In soybean the central mass of infected tissue is derived mainly from the outer layer of cortical cells whereas the inner cortical cells contribute extensively to the infected tissue of the pea nodules. The temporal and spatial patterns of mitosis differ in the nodules of the two species. Mitotic activity is restricted to a nodule meristem and occurs over a period of many weeks in pea nodules. In soybean nodules, mitotic activity occurs throughout the central zone and before decreasing, persists over a period of a few weeks. The timing and distribution of mitotic activity affects nodule morphogenesis.

Natural 15N Abundance of NH4+, Amide N, and Total N in Various Fractions of Nodules of Peas, Soybeans and Lupins

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 305 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Shearer ◽  
DH Kohl
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Lupinus Luteus ◽  
Total N ◽  
Isotope Discrimination ◽  
15N Enrichment ◽  
15N Abundance

Nodules of certain N2-fixing root nodules are substantially enriched in 15N compared with non-nodular tissues. This enrichment usually resides largely within bacteroids. Isotope discrimination associated with export of ammonia(um) from the bacteroid would result in 15N enrichment of NH4+ within bac- teroids. Bacteroid protein synthesis from this pool of 15N enriched NH4+ would then account for enrichment of the bacteroids. Measurements of 15N abundances of total N and free NH4+ in nodule fractions from lupins (Lupinus luteus), soybeans (Glycine max) and peas (Pisum sativum) showed this was not the case. With the inocula used in experiments reported here, lupin and soybean nodules were enriched in 15N, while pea nodules were not. There was no correlation between 15N abundances of NH4+ and total N in the nodule fractions (r= 0.445, P> 0.2). We conclude that isotope discrimination associated with ammonia(um) transport does not explain the 15N elevation of lupin and soybean nodules. We also conclude, on the basis of the large isotope effect for the equilibrium between NH4+ and NH3, that most of the ammonia(um) is exported from bacteroids as NH4+ rather than NH3. We also measured the 15N abundance of free amide N. There was a strong correlation between 15N abundances of free amide N and total N in nodule fractions (r=0.924, P<0,001), suggesting that amide N is a significant source of N to the amino acid pools from which proteins are synthesised.

A correlated light and electron microscopic study of symbiotic growth and differentiation in Pisum sativum root nodules

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (18) ◽  
pp. 2163-2186 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Newcomb
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Infection Thread ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Garden Pea ◽  
Host Cytoplasm

Plants of the garden pea Pisum sativum cv. Little Marvel were grown in aeroponic culture to facilitate observations and microscopy and were inoculated with Rhizobium leguminosarum, and nodules were sampled at five weekly intervals for light and electron microscopy. The invasion of the cortical cells by the infection thread, the structure of the infection thread, and the release of bacteria from it into the host cytoplasm and the subsequent symbiotic growth and differentiation of the two organisms are described in detail. The fine structure of the nodule is correlated with light microscopic observations and morphogenesis. A restriction in the use of the term 'vesicle' is proposed because of the current multiple and confusing usage of the term. The loss of the nodule meristem and its morphogenetic significance are discussed.

Cytokinin production in relation to the development of pea root nodules

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (18) ◽  
pp. 2155-2162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunihiko Syōno ◽  
William Newcomb ◽  
John G. Torrey
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Mitotic Activity ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Cytokinin Activity ◽  
Garden Pea ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Quantitative Changes

Quantitative changes in cytokinins were examined in developing root nodules on the lateral roots of seedlings of the garden pea Pisum sativum cv. Little Marvel infected with Rhizobium leguminosarum strain 128 C53.Cytokinin activity was highest in 2- and 3-week-old nodules, when the growth rate was high, and decreased in older nodules. The cytokinin activities of 3-week-old nodules of various sizes were positively correlated with mitotic indices. In 3- and 4-week-old nodules most of the cytokinins were present in the white meristematic tip and not in the infected nitrogen-fixing or senescent cells. Since high cytokinin levels were associated with nodules having high mitotic rates or with the meristematic cells, it is proposed that cytokinins influence nodule morphogenesis by regulating the mitotic activity of the nodule meristem.

Initial proliferation of cortical cells in the formation of root nodules in Pisum sativum L.

Planta ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Libbenga ◽  
P. A. A. Harkes
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Pisum Sativum L

Pea and soybean performance in Newfoundland

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Spaner ◽  
A. G. Todd ◽  
D. B. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Faba Beans ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Livestock Farmers ◽  
Near Future

Newfoundland livestock farmers import all feed grain legumes. Our objective was to compare field pea (Pisum sativum L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] nodule formation, plant growth, grain and protein yield potential in Newfoundland. Two-year experimental mean pea yield was high (≈0.3 t grain ha–1), although lodging was severe. Vision soybean yielded around 400 kg grain protein ha–1 when seeds were inoculated, even with soil temperatures below 20°C. Despite reasonable yield potentials, agronomic adaptation problems mitigate against the local production of all common feed grain legumes in the near future. Key words: Pisum sativum; Glycine max; lupins; faba beans; inoculant

scholarly journals Redescription of Melanagromyza sojae (Zehntner) from India and Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 64-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Bahadur Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
New Species ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
Northern India

Six new species of other stem flies infesting mostly legumes were also discovered under the genus Melanagromyza (stem flies) from Pantnagar, Northern India. These were: M. species new ex stems of Cassia sp. (proposed name M. pathaki new species); M. species new ex stems of Glycine max (Linn.) Merril. (proposed name M. glycini new species); M. species new ex stems of Medicago denticulata willd. (proposed name M. denticulata Willd. new species); M. species new ex stems of Pisum sativum Linn. (proposed name M. pisiphaga new species); M. species new ex stems of Trifolium pratense Linn,. (proposed name M. sehgali new species) and M. species new ex stems of Vicia faba Linn. (proposed name M. vicivora new species). New names have been proposed to them as per International rules of Zoological Nomenclature. Other stem flies redescribed by author include: Ophiomyia centrosematis de Meijere, Opmiormyia phaseoli (Tryon) and Ophiomyia cicerivora. More than one thousand male genitalia slides were prepared for this study. Variations in morphology and genitalia characters have been described between and within the species. Melanagromyza sojae (Zehtner) has been redescribed here. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v2i0.7491 Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 2 : 64-70 (2012)

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