Fungal populations from forest soils in southern Quebec

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 1324-1331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Widden
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Soil Washing ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Trichoderma Hamatum ◽  
Fungal Populations ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The fungal populations of four forest soils in southern Quebec were studied, using the soil-washing technique. Although the four forests were located on the same basal materials, the effects of planting different tree species were reflected by changes in the chemical properties of the soils. Of the fungi isolated from these soils, Gliocladium roseum, Paecilomyces carneus, P. fumosoroseus, Gliomastix murorum, Penicillium implication, P. spinulosum, P. thomii, Trichoderma hamatum, and two unidentified Trichoderma species preferred the more neutral, deciduous forest soils. However, Chrysosporium pannorum, Penicillium janthinellum, P. simplicissimum, Trichoderma viride, T. polysporum, and another unidentified Trichoderma preferred the more acidic coniferous forest soils. For other species of fungi no differences between populations in the four sites could be detected. It is concluded that a clearer understanding of the ecology of these fungi requires a more detailed analysis of the influence of seasonal and spatial changes in their physical and chemical environment on their population densities.

Fungi from Canadian coniferous forest soils

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 2275-2290 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Widden ◽  
D. Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Soil Washing ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Fungal Mycelium ◽  
Penicillium Species ◽  
Fungus Flora ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Washing Method

The fungus flora from four pine forest soils was investigated. Qualitative studies used a soil-washing method, whereas quantitative investigations were performed using a direct observation technique. Results indicate that the fungus populations on litter and humus from all four forest soils are fairly similar, with Cladosporium herbarum, Aureobasidium pullulans, Alternaria sp., and various members of the order Sphaeropsidales being common in the litter, and Trichoderma and Penicillium species increasing in frequency in the F and H layers. The fungi isolated from the mineral soil horizons were more varied in nature, but certain genera seemed to be found frequently; these included Mortierella, Chrysosporium, Oidiodendron, Paecilomyces, Cylindrocarpon, Torulomyces, and sterile dark fungi.A detailed investigation of a Pinus strobus forest at St. Williams, Ontario, revealed no distinct seasonal patterns in the relative frequencies of the species of fungi.Quantitative studies showed that, in all soils, mycelial content decreased with depth from the humus. A comparison of the four sites showed a wide variation in fungal mycelium, varying from 30 m/g dry soil under Pinus strobus (in the A1 horizon) to 1540 m/g under P. contorta during May. Seasonal data from the P. strobus forest indicate a peak in mycelial content during August.

Methane uptake by various forest soils with and without litter

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Walkiewicz ◽  
Piotr Bulak ◽  
Bruce Osborne ◽  
Mohammad Ibrahim Khalil ◽  
Syed Faiz-ul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Atmospheric Methane ◽  
Litter Layer ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Dry Conditions

<p>Forest soils are often a sink for atmospheric methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) and are thus worth special attention in the context of mitigation of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and offset of agricultural GHG emissions at farm to national levels. The litter layer influences the exchange of GHGs between soil and atmosphere; however, most studies focus on the contribution of only soil to the CH<sub>4</sub> cycle. In order to improve the inventory of this gas, it is worth investigating how litter influences the exchange of GHGs. Its effect on CH<sub>4</sub> uptake may vary in deciduous and coniferous sites due to the different properties of litter. Field experiments were carried out to assess the CH<sub>4</sub> uptake capability in 5 different soil types (with and without litter) under different forest types (deciduous, coniferous, and mixed) in Poland. During summer 2019, the highest CH<sub>4</sub> uptake (about 2 mg C m<sup>-2</sup> day<sup>-1</sup>) in a variant without litter on the ground was detected in Dystric Cambisol (with the highest C/N ratio) under a 100-year-old coniferous forest and in Albic Luvisol under a 58-year-old mixed forest. The presence of the litter level reduced the CH<sub>4</sub> flux in the range of 6-27% in these locations. Methane consumption was the lowest in silty soils (~ 0.4 – 1 mg C m<sup>-2</sup> day<sup>-1</sup>) in the mixed forest and decreased by 13-29% when covered with the litter layer. The negative effect of the litter layer on CH<sub>4</sub> absorption was the lowest (~ 3-4%) in sandy Eutric Gleysol under a 75-year-old deciduous forest with 90% of oak and 10% of European hornbeam. The dry conditions in the summer 2019 (with total rainfall 163 mm during the tested months in the studied region) resulted in low moisture in both the litter and soil. However, even low-humidity litter (below 10%) reduced CH<sub>4</sub> consumption rates in the measured sites.</p><p>Research was partially conducted under the project financed by Polish National Centre for Research and Development within of ERA-NET CO-FUND ERA-GAS Programme (ERA-GAS/I/GHG-MANAGE/01/2018).</p>

The Study of Soil Physical and Chemical Properties in Plant Genetic Protection Area of RSPG, Nampung Dam EGAT, Thailand

2014 ◽  
Vol 911 ◽  
pp. 393-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanichaya Charoonphong ◽  
Pongthep Suwanwaree
Keyword(s):  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Dipterocarp Forest ◽  
Mixed Deciduous Forest ◽  
Protection Area ◽  
Dry Dipterocarp Forest ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

This work aims to study soil physical and chemical properties in two forest types including dry dipterocarp forest (DDF) and mixed deciduous forest (MDF) located in Plant Genetic Protection Area under the Royal Initiative of Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn, Nampung dam EGAT, Sakon Nakhon province, Thailand. The samples were collected 3 times in December 2011, February and May 2012. The results showed that the average values of soil properties in MDF including, soil moisture, electical conductivity, organic matter, total nitrogen, avialable phosphorus and exchangeable potassium were higher than those in DDF. Only soil pH in MDF was less than that in DDF. It can be concluded that MDF have more fertility status of soil than DDF.

scholarly journals Origin and Dynamics of Termite Mound Soils in Southern India

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
A. K. Harit ◽  
P. Jouquet
Keyword(s):  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Southern India ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Termite Mounds ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Aims: In Southern India, termite above-ground nests can have the shape of cathedral (CAT) or lenticular (LENT) mounds. Although CATare built by the fungus-growing species Odontotermes obesus, the origin and evolution of LENT remain unknown. Therefore, the aim of to study was to estimate the origin and dynamics of LENT from their specific physical and chemical properties. Study Site: This study was carried out in the Bandipur Tiger reserve (dry deciduous forest), Karnataka, Southern India. Methodology:  All the soil samples were collected in a Fluvisol in the Mule Hole experimental watershed.Only large size mounds between 1.5 - 1.8m high were considered in this study. Soil samples were collected from the outer wall of CATnest and from the soil surface layer (0-5 cm deep) and surrounding soil. Particle-size distribution and dispersion were obtained by process of sedimentation. All the statistical analysis such as principal component analysis (PCA) were calculated using R studio and R version 3.2.1. Results: Using elemental physical and chemical properties, this study showed a gradient of soil properties from the soil sampled between 50-100 cm depth to CAT, LENT and the surrounding topsoil (CTRL, Fluvisol), suggesting that: (i) CAT can be considered patches in the landscapes with specific physical and chemical properties in comparison with CTRL and LENT; (ii) LENT mounds can result from the progressive modification of CTRL (autogenic origin of LENT) and their degradation leads to a progressive recovery of CTRL properties or (iii) they originate from the colonization of abandoned CAT by other termite species (exogenic origin of LENT). Conclusion: This study confirms the complexity of CAT and LENT fates and the need for long-term datasets to determine the origin and evolution of termite mounds.

scholarly journals Influence of Root Distribution on Preferential Flow in Deciduous and Coniferous Forest Soils

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziteng Luo ◽  
Jianzhi Niu ◽  
Baoyuan Xie ◽  
Linus Zhang ◽  
Xiongwen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Preferential Flow ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Coarse Roots ◽  
Rainfall Events

Root-induced channels are the primary controlling factors for rapid movement of water and solute in forest soils. To explore the effects of root distribution on preferential flow during rainfall events, deciduous (Quercus variabilis BI.) and coniferous forest (Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco) sites were selected to conduct dual-tracer experiments (Brilliant Blue FCF and Bromide [Br−]). Each plot (1.30 × 1.30 m) was divided into two subplots (0.65 × 1.30 m), and two rainfall simulations (40 mm, large rainfall and 70 mm, extreme rainfall) were conducted in these. Vertical soil profiles (1.00 m × 0.40 m) were excavated, and preferential flow path features were quantified based on digital image analysis. Root (fine and coarse) abundance and Br− concentration were investigated for each soil profile. In deciduous forest, accumulated roots in the upper soil layer induce larger lateral preferential flow as compared to the coniferous forest soil during large rainfall events. Compared with deciduous forest, coniferous forest soil, with higher (horizontal and vertical) spatial variability of preferential flow paths, promotes higher percolation and solute leaching to deeper soil layers during extreme rainfall events. Fine roots, accounting for a larger proportion of total roots (compared to coarse roots), facilitate preferential flow in the 0–40 cm forest soil layer. Overall, our results indicate that the root distribution pattern of different tree species can exert diverse effects on preferential flow in forest soils.

scholarly journals Physicochemical characteristics of forest soils in Tarai and Siwalik regions of Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Ramesh P. Sapkota ◽  
Peter D. Stahl ◽  
Kedar Rijal
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Scientific Database ◽  
The Status ◽  
Chemical Properties Of Soils ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Soils are important components of every terrestrial ecosystem. In Nepal, terrestrial ecosystems of Tarai and Siwalik regions are highly vulnerable due to intense anthropogenic disturbances. Forest depletion and land degradation have posed substantial impacts on soil quality. This review paper focuses on identifying the status of physical and chemical characteristics of forest soils in Tarai and Siwalik regions. For the purpose, published articles from various sources, as well as publications of Government of Nepal were reviewed. The study showed variation in physicochemical characteristics of soils in different regions. The land areas covered with vegetation were found effective in controlling erosion and consequently retention of important chemical properties of soils. The scientific studies on soil physical, chemical and biological quality seem inadequate. Standard research framework and sampling designs are required in future studies, so that comparisons on soil properties across different degraded and/or other land-use categories can be made. There is need of development of scientific database on soil quality for supporting future ecosystem management and restoration programs.

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