Rapid influences of water stress on photosynthesis and translocation in Phaseolus vulgaris

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 768-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Hoddinott ◽  
D. L. Ehret ◽  
Paul R. Gorham
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Osmotic Shock ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Transient Change ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content ◽  
Labelling System

A steady-state 14C labelling system is used to simultaneously measure rates of photosynthesis and translocation before and after the onset of an osmotic shock to the base of rooted or rootless Phaseolus vulgaris plants. In all experiments, the photosynthetic rate declines soon after the onset of a shock owing to rapid stomatal closure. The translocation rate, following a brief transient change, remains almost constant for several hours, indicating less sensitivity to osmotic shock than is shown by the photosynthetic rate. The transient changes in translocation rate are due to transient changes in the leaf relative water content. The direction of the transient depends on the nature of the osmoticum and the presence or absence of roots.

Responses of Rhizobium-inoculated and nitrogen-supplied Phaseolus vulgaris and Vigna unguiculata plants to root volume restriction

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 613 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Luisa Izaguirre-Mayoral ◽  
Margarita Sicardi de Mallorca
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Fold Reduction ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content ◽  
Total Reducing Sugars

Present investigation was undertaken to analyse the effect of root volume restriction on the physiological performance of Rhizobium-inoculated (R+ ) and nitrogen-supplied (N+) cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. var. Tuy.) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. Montalbán.) plants. Restriction of root volume (RRV) was imposed via an 8-fold reduction in the rooting space. Plants were grown under controlled conditions and an unlimited availability of water and nutrients. For both plant species, RRV reduced the dry weight of roots, shoots and nodules, retarded the rate of leaf initiation and development, and increased the leaf chlorophyll concentration, regardless of the source of nitrogen. In contrast, RRV did not alter the shoot/root, leaf/root and nodule/root ratios, the concentration of total reducing sugars in shoots, roots and nodules, the leaf relative water content or the concentration of Rubisco in mature leaves of R+ and N+ bean and cowpea plants. Concentration of ureide and α-amino-N in shoots and nodules of R+ plants as well as of α-amino-N in shoots of N+ plants were also not affected by RRV, and abscission of trifoliolated leaves was not recorded in any of the treatment combinations. We conclude that dwarfism of RRV plants was not due to water stress, decreased rates of assimilation, increased abscisic acid, sink/source alterations, or to a reduction on the effectiveness of the symbiotic process or of nitrogen uptake in R+ and N+ plants, respectively.

scholarly journals Water Relations of Well-watered Citrus Exposed to Cold-acclimating Temperatures

HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 1309-1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smita Barkataky ◽  
Robert C. Ebel ◽  
Kelly T. Morgan ◽  
Keri Dansereau
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content

This study was conducted on well-watered citrus to determine changes in water relations during cold acclimation independent of drought stress. Potted sweet orange and Satsuma mandarin trees were exposed to progressively lower, non-freezing temperatures down to 10/4 °C, light/dark temperatures, respectively, for 9 weeks in environmental growth chambers to promote cold acclimation. The trees were watered twice daily and three times on the day water relations data were collected to minimize drought stress. Although soil moisture was higher and non-limiting for plants in the cold than in the warm chamber, cold temperatures promoted stomatal closure, higher root resistance, lower stem water potential (Ψstem), lower transpiration, and lower leaf ψS. Leaf relative water content (RWC) was not different for cold-acclimated trees compared with the controls. Cold acclimation promoted stomatal closure at levels only observed in severely drought-stressed plants exposed to warm temperatures and where Ψstem and RWC are typically much lower than what was found in this study. Ψstem continued to decline the last 4 weeks of the experiment although air temperature, leaf ψS, RWC, stomatal conductance (gS), and transpiration were constant. The results of this experiment indicate that water relations of citrus during cold acclimation vary from those known to occur as a result of drought stress, which have implications for using traditional measures of plant water status in irrigation scheduling during winter.

scholarly journals Hooker’s or Warty Barberry? Physiological Background Analysis for Choosing the Right one into Ornamental Plantations Endangered by Drought

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-418
Author(s):  
Peter Ferus ◽  
Dominika Bošiaková ◽  
Jana Konôpková ◽  
Peter Hoťka ◽  
Jan‑Hendrik Keet
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Environmental Constraint ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content ◽  
The Right

Barberries as undemanding shrubs with high aesthetic value are often planted in city parks and street greeneries. However, severe urban environment combined with climate change puts pressure on these plants in terms of their ability to cope with drought. In order to avoid plantation fall‑offs, a common garden experiment was carried out on the drought tolerance of two Asian barberry species, namely Hooker’s barberry (Berberis hookeri Lem.) and warty barberry (Berberis verruculosa Hemsl. and Wils.). Higher leaf relative water content, postponed but more sensitive stomatal closure (decrease in stomatal conductivity for water) as well as osmotic adjustment (free proline accumulation) and antioxidant defence onset (total antioxidant activity of the hydrophilic phase), and faster photosynthetic pigment decomposition in Hooker’s barberry transplants compared to warty barberry, point to better water management and advanced protection of leaf structures in this species under limited soil moisture. Moreover, warty barberry plants with half total leaf area suffered from drought earlier, because of enhanced soil water loss through evaporation. Thus, Hooker’s barberry can be taken as more drought tolerant than its counterpart, therefore making it more suitable for plantings in areas that are prone to this environmental constraint.

scholarly journals Salinization/sodification of soil and physiological dynamics of sunflower irrigated with saline–sodic water amending by potassium and farm yard manure

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 476-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ashraf ◽  
S. Muhammad Shahzad ◽  
N. Akhtar ◽  
M. Imtiaz ◽  
A. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Membrane Stability Index ◽  
Farm Yard Manure ◽  
Canal Water ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Sodic Water ◽  
Relative Water

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants were grown with saline–sodic water (SSW) by treating with potassium (K @ 100 and 200 mg K2O kg−1 soil) and farm yard manure (FYM @ 5 and 10% of soil, w/w). Irrigation with untreated SSW caused soil salinization/sodification, leading to an increase in electrical conductivity (EC) of 165% and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) 100% with the subsequent increase of 736% in shoot Na+, a decrease of 52% in shoot K+ and 94% in shoot K+:Na+ratio compared to canal water. SSW also decreased physiological activities: 31% relative water content (RWC), 34% membrane stability index (MSI), 51% protein, 33% chlorophyll and 58% photosynthetic rate compared to canal water. Integrated application of K and FYM, at higher level, decreased soil EC by 54% and SAR 43%, and shoot Na+ 57% with a corresponding improvement in soil organic matter 166%, shoot K+ 360%, shoot K+:Na+ratio 987%, RWC 34%, MSI 37%, protein 60%, photosynthetic rate 102%, superoxide dismutase 92%, peroxidase 78% and catalase 52% compared to SSW without K and/or FYM. In conclusion, exogenous application of K and FYM could be a promising approach to use brackish water in agriculture on a sustainable basis.

Relationships between physiological traits and productivity of sugarcane in response to water deficit

2012 ◽  
Vol 152 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. DE A. SILVA ◽  
J. L. JIFON ◽  
J. A. G. DA SILVA ◽  
C. M. DOS SANTOS ◽  
V. SHARMA
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content ◽  
Sugarcane Productivity ◽  
Response To Water

SUMMARYThe relationships between physiological variables and sugarcane productivity under water deficit conditions were investigated in field studies during 2005 and 2006 in Weslaco, Texas, USA. A total of 78 genotypes and two commercial varieties were studied, one of which was drought-tolerant (TCP93-4245) and the other drought-sensitive (TCP87-3388). All genotypes were subjected to two irrigation regimes: a control well-watered treatment (wet) and a moderate water-deficit stress (dry) treatment for a period of 90 days. Maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), estimated chlorophyll content (SPAD index), leaf temperature (LT), leaf relative water content (RWC) and productivity were measured. The productivity of all genotypes was, on average, affected negatively; however, certain genotypes did not suffer significant reduction. Under water deficit, the productivity of the genotypes was positively and significantly correlated with Fv/Fm, SPAD index and RWC, while LT had a negative correlation. These findings suggest that genotypes exhibiting traits of high RWC values, high chlorophyll contents and high photosynthetic radiation use efficiency under low moisture availability should be targeted for selection and variety development in programmes aimed at improving sugarcane for drought prone environments.

scholarly journals Salt-tolerance screening in Limonium sinuatum varieties with different flower colors

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojing Xu ◽  
Yingli Zhou ◽  
Ping Mi ◽  
Baoshan Wang ◽  
Fang Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Salt Gland ◽  
Salt Glands ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Whole Plants

AbstractLimonium sinuatum, a member of Plumbaginaceae commonly known as sea lavender, is widely used as dried flower. Five L. sinuatum varieties with different flower colors (White, Blue, Pink, Yellow, and Purple) are found in saline regions and are widely cultivated in gardens. In the current study, we evaluated the salt tolerance of these varieties under 250 mmol/L NaCl (salt-tolerance threshold) treatment to identify the optimal variety suitable for planting in saline lands. After the measurement of the fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), contents of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl−, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, soluble sugars, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), relative water content, chlorophyll contents, net photosynthetic rate, and osmotic potential of whole plants, the salt-tolerance ability from strongest to weakest is identified as Pink, Yellow, Purple, White, and Blue. Photosynthetic rate was the most reliable and positive indicator of salt tolerance. The density of salt glands showed the greatest increase in Pink under NaCl treatment, indicating that Pink adapts to high-salt levels by enhancing salt gland formation. These results provide a theoretical basis for the large-scale planting of L. sinuatum in saline soils in the future.

The Study of Dynamic Response to Acute Hemorrhage by Pulse Spectrum Analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (03) ◽  
pp. 449-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Hsin Chang ◽  
Chia I Tsai ◽  
Jaung Geng Lin ◽  
Yue Der Lin ◽  
Tsai Chung Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Mean Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Spectrum Analysis ◽  
Pulse Spectrum ◽  
Acute Hemorrhage ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Percentage Difference ◽  
Before And After

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) holds that Blood and Qi are fundamental substances in the human body for sustaining normal vital activity. The theory of Qi, Blood and Zang-Fu contribute the most important theoretical basis of human physiology in TCM. An animal model using conscious rats was employed in this study to further comprehend how organisms survive during acute hemorrhage by maintaining the functionalities of Qi and Blood through dynamically regulating visceral physiological conditions. Pulse waves of arterial blood pressure before and after the hemorrhage were taken in parallel to pulse spectrum analysis. Percentage differences of mean arterial blood pressure and harmonics were recorded in subsequent 5-minute intervals following the hemorrhage. Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Duncan's test for pairwise comparisons. Results showed that, within 30 minutes following the onset of acute hemorrhage,the reduction of mean arterial blood pressure was improved from 62% to 20%. Throughout the process, changes to the pulse spectrum appeared to result in a new balance over time. The percentage differences of the second and third harmonics, which were related to kidney and spleen, both increased significantly than baseline and towards another steady state. Apart from the steady state resulting from the previous stage, the percentage difference of the 4th harmonic decreased significantly to another steady state. The observed change could be attributed to the induction of functional Qi, and is a result of Qi-Blood balancing activity that organisms hold to survive against acute bleeding.

scholarly journals Investigations on the pathogenicity of Helminthosporium sorokinianum Sacc. in relation to Phaseolus vulgaris L.

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-293
Author(s):  
Barbara Łacicowa ◽  
Zofia Machowicz
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Root System ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Before And After

The results obtained in pot and field experiments have shown that <i>Helminthosporium sorokinianum</i> is able to infect bean plants. The cotyledons and roots of shoots during the first three weeks of growth are attacked the most frequently. Dark brown spots occur on the above-mentined organs. The infection of roots and cotyledonsof shoots is responsible for gangrene both before and after germination. Infected plants which remain alive only show symptoms of infection in the root system. The infection of roots by <i>H. sorokinianum</i> in older plants is detromental to growth and causes a decrease in the vield obtained from bean plants.

scholarly journals STUDY OF IMPACT OF AIR POLLUTION ON PLANTS BY ESTIMATION OF APTI OF CERTAIN TREES IN KATRAJ AREA IN PUNE CITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Erum F H Kazi ◽  
Dr. Satish Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Mango Tree ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content

Air pollution is one of major concerns in Pune City currently. Study highlights increase in Particulate matter from Vehicular sources & Urbanization in Karaj area is having harmful impact on the trees in the area. Leaf of Plant species such as Peepal( Ficusreligiosa),, Tamarind(Tamarindusindica), Rain tree( Samaneasaman), Ashoka( Saracaasoca), Manago( Mangiferaindica), Almond( Terminaliacatappa) , Banyan tree(Ficusbenghalensis) were selected and it was found that Ashoka( Saracaasoca), Mango tree( Mangiferaindica) showed Intermediate APTI whereas Peepal, Tamarind, Rain tree, Almond, Banyan tree were found to be Sensitive to pollution. KEYWORDS: Air Pollutants, APTI of plants, Total Chlorophyll, Ascorbic acid, p H of leaf, Relative water Content ( RWC)

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