Glandular trichomes on the inflorescence of Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Dramatic (Compositae). II. Ultrastructure and histochemistry

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 714-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Vermeer ◽  
R. L. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
Primary Cell Wall ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Anticlinal Division ◽  
Subcuticular Space ◽  
Flocculent Material ◽  
Cell Wall Ingrowths ◽  
Cellular Lysis

Glandular trichomes on the inflorescence of Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Dramatic are initiated from a single epidermal cell outgrowth and develop through an anticlinal division and a series of periclinal divisions to form a biseriate multicellular structure. Cells of the young trichome contain a large nucleus with prominent nucleoli and few small cellular organelles. Prior to the secretory stage, numerous ribosomes, polyribosomes, and dictyosomes are present in a dense cytoplasm but most of the dictyosomes are lost as secretion commences. Plastids in the stalk cells senesce but in a different manner than those in the upper tiers of secretory cells. Lipoidal substances form in the degenerating plastids. Cell wall ingrowths and the deposition of a flocculent material in the primary cell wall characterize secretory hairs. In very old hairs cellular lysis takes place with mitochondria being the last cellular organelle to remain intact. The secreted material, which collects in a subcuticular space, appears to be a terpenoid. The function of this material is not known.

Glandular trichomes on the inflorescence of Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Dramatic (Compositae). I. Development and morphology

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 705-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Vermeer ◽  
R. L. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Corolla Tube ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Large Pore ◽  
Dramatic Form ◽  
Floral Apex ◽  
Anticlinal Division

Floral apices of Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Dramatic form glandular trichomes on the receptacle in interfloret positions and on the corolla tube above the constriction subtended by the ovary. The glandular trichomes in both positions are initiated by the enlargement of single epidermal cells followed by a single anticlinal division and a series of periclinal divisions resulting in a 10-celled biseriate structure. Receptacular trichomes develop while florets are being initiated on the flanks of the floral apex and by the time petal primordia are initiated these trichomes are mature. Glandular trichomes on the corolla tube are initiated on peripheral florets while florets are still being initiated in a centripetal direction. Each glandular trichome has a cuticular covering beneath which secreted materials accumulate, thereby distending the cuticle. A large pore eventually forms in the cuticle and presumably allows the escape of secreted substances.

scholarly journals Structure and distribution of glandular and non-glandular trichomes on above-ground organs in Inula helenium L. (Asteraceae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Sulborska
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Apical Cell ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Inula Helenium ◽  
Apical Cells ◽  
Histochemical Tests ◽  
Lower Height ◽  
Subcuticular Space

Micromorphology and distribution of glandular and non-glandular trichomes on the above-ground organs of <em>Inula helenium </em>L. were investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Two types of biseriate glandular trichomes, i.e. sessile and stalk hairs, and non-glandular trichomes were recorded. Sessile glandular trichomes were found on all examined <em>I. helenium </em>organs (with their highest density on the abaxial surface of leaves and disk florets, and on stems), whereas stalk glandular trichomes were found on leaves and stems. Sessile trichomes were characterised by a slightly lower height (58–103 μm) and width (32–35 μm) than the stalk trichomes (62–111 μm x 31–36 μm). Glandular hairs were composed of 5–7 (sessile trichomes) or 6–9 (stalk trichomes) cell tiers. Apical trichome cell tiers exhibited features of secretory cells. Secretion was accumulated in subcuticular space, which expanded and ruptured at the top, and released its content. Histochemical assays showed the presence of lipids and polyphenols, whereas no starch was detected. Non-glandular trichomes were seen on involucral bracts, leaves and stems (more frequently on involucral bracts). Their structure comprised 2–9 cells; basal cells (1–6) were smaller and linearly arranged, while apical cells had a prozenchymatous shape. The apical cell was the longest and sharply pointed. Applied histochemical tests revealed orange-red (presence of lipids) and brow colour (presence of polyphenols) in the apical cells of the trichomes. This may suggest that beside their protective role, the trichomes may participate in secretion of secondary metabolites.

scholarly journals Glandular trichomes of Robinia viscosa Vent. var. hartwigii (Koehne) Ashe (Faboideae, Fabaceae)—morphology, histochemistry and ultrastructure

Planta ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 252 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Konarska ◽  
Barbara Łotocka
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Polyphenol Compounds ◽  
Urban Greenery ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Secretory Products ◽  
Subcuticular Space ◽  
First Time ◽  
Anatomy And Ultrastructure

Abstract Main Conclusion Permanent glandular trichomes of Robinia viscosa var. hartwigii produce viscous secretion containing several secondary metabolites, as lipids, mucilage, flavonoids, proteins and alkaloids. Abstract Robinia viscosa var. hartwigii (Hartweg’s locust) is an ornamental tree with high apicultural value. It can be planted in urban greenery and in degraded areas. The shoots, leaves, and inflorescences of this plant are equipped with numerous persistent glandular trichomes producing sticky secretion. The distribution, origin, development, morphology, anatomy, and ultrastructure of glandular trichomes of Hartweg's locust flowers as well as the localisation and composition of their secretory products were investigated for the first time. To this end, light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy combined with histochemical and fluorescence techniques were used. The massive glandular trichomes differing in the distribution, length, and stage of development were built of a multicellular and multiseriate stalk and a multicellular head. The secretory cells in the stalk and head had large nuclei with nucleoli, numerous chloroplasts with thylakoids and starch grains, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum profiles, Golgi apparatus, vesicles, and multivesicular bodies. Many vacuoles contained phenolic compounds dissolved or forming various condensed deposits. The secretion components were transported through symplast elements, and the granulocrine and eccrine modes of nectar secretion were observed. The secretion was accumulated in the subcuticular space at the trichome apex and released through a pore in the cuticle. Histochemical and fluorescence assays showed that the trichomes and secretion contained lipophilic and polyphenol compounds, polysaccharides, proteins, and alkaloids. We suggest that these metabolites may serve an important function in protection of plants against biotic stress conditions and may also be a source of phytopharmaceuticals in the future.

scholarly journals Influence of biological origin on the tensile properties of cellulose nanopapers

Cellulose ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katri S. Kontturi ◽  
Koon-Yang Lee ◽  
Mitchell P. Jones ◽  
William W. Sampson ◽  
Alexander Bismarck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Nanofibrillated Cellulose ◽  
Primary Cell Wall ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Fiber Mats

Abstract Cellulose nanopapers provide diverse, strong and lightweight templates prepared entirely from sustainable raw materials, cellulose nanofibers (CNFs). Yet the strength of CNFs has not been fully capitalized in the resulting nanopapers and the relative influence of CNF strength, their bonding, and biological origin to nanopaper strength are unknown. Here, we show that basic principles from paper physics can be applied to CNF nanopapers to illuminate those relationships. Importantly, it appeared that ~ 200 MPa was the theoretical maximum for nanopapers with random fibril orientation. Furthermore, we demonstrate the contrast in tensile strength for nanopapers prepared from bacterial cellulose (BC) and wood-based nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC). Endemic amorphous polysaccharides (hemicelluloses) in NFC act as matrix in NFC nanopapers, strengthening the bonding between CNFs just like it improves the bonding between CNFs in the primary cell wall of plants. The conclusions apply to all composites containing non-woven fiber mats as reinforcement. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals A Specialized Outer Layer of the Primary Cell Wall Joins Elongating Cotton Fibers into Tissue-Like Bundles

2009 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 684-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bir Singh ◽  
Utku Avci ◽  
Sarah E. Eichler Inwood ◽  
Mark J. Grimson ◽  
Jeff Landgraf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Outer Layer ◽  
Primary Cell ◽  
Primary Cell Wall ◽  
Cotton Fibers

scholarly journals Changes in Structure and Histochemistry of Glandular Trichomes ofThymus quinquecostatusCelak

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Jia ◽  
Ting Gao ◽  
Hua Xin
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Secretory Pathway ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Capitate Trichomes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Distribution Structure ◽  
Distinctive Difference ◽  
Subcuticular Space ◽  
Three Components

The types, morphology, distribution, structure, and development process of the glandular trichomes on the leaves ofThymus quinquecostatusCelak had been investigated in this study. Two different types of glandular trichomes were determined in detail, namely, capitate trichomes and peltate ones. Besides, there were distinct differences on morphology, distribution, structure, and development process between the two kinds of trichomes. As the peltate trichome stepping into senium stage, it caved in the epidermis integrally, which was different from the capitate one. The secretion of the capitate trichome contained essential oil, polyphenols, and flavonoids, while, in addition to these three components, the secretion of the peltate one also contained acid polysaccharides. A distinctive difference was also seen in the secretory pathway of the secretion between the two types of trichomes. The secretion of capitate one was extruded through the cuticle of the head cell, but the secretion of the peltate one kept accumulating in the subcuticular space of the head cells until it was released by cuticle rupture.

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