Etude cytologique de l'embryon du Pin d'Alep lors de la germination : influence d'un traitement stimulant par administration successive d'ions mercure et chlore

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (23) ◽  
pp. 2931-2936 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Pargney ◽  
P. Thalouarn
Keyword(s):  
Water Uptake ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Cytological Study ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Seeds Germination

Since it is known that successive applications of Hg2+ and Cl− ions accelerates Apel pine seeds germination, a cytological study of the treated embryo was made during the first 6 days of imbibition. In comparison with control seeds germinating on filter paper imbibed with distilled water, treated seeds show precocious mitoses and an acceleration of lipolysis and proteolysis as well as synthesis of organelles. These phenomena are particularly evident in the radicle. Since water uptake occurs especially in the radicular pole of the seed, this result suggests a determining role of imbibition in the process of germination in the Alep pine. No abnormal ultrastructures are observed in treated seeds.not available

scholarly journals Fruit-induced Dormancy in Apple Seeds: Role of Water and Inhibitors

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-466
Author(s):  
C.K. Wan ◽  
F.G. Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Fruit Volatiles ◽  
Seed Water Content ◽  
Apple Seeds

The roles of inhibitors in the seedcoat and locules and of seed water content in fruit-induced dormancy of apple (Malus domestics Borkh.) seeds were investigated. Seeds were after-ripened at 5C for various periods up to 12 weeks: 1) in the locules of intact fruits or half-fruits, 2) on wire mesh over moist filter paper, which simulated the locule in preventing leaching, or 3) on moist filter paper. The seeds were subsequently germinated in the locules of half-fruits, on screen, or on moist paper. In some experiments, the seeds were soaked in distilled water before or after after-ripening, or the embryos were excised before germination. The results indicate that fruit volatiles are unlikely to inhibit germination of seeds after-ripened in the fruit. Although limited water content reduced the ability of the seeds to germinate, it did not prevent after-ripening. An unidentified inhibitor(s) present in the locule and on the surface of the seed appears to be the major factor(s) preventing germination in the fruit, as seeds after-ripened on moist paper germinated well on paper or screen but poorly in the locule. The inhibitor(s) appears to be metabolized or to break down spontaneously when seeds are after-ripened on a screen, suggesting that the locule serves as a reservoir of the inhibitor as long as the seed remains in the fruit.

Swelling Experiments of Dried Corneal Pieces Using Tritiated Water as Tracer—The Role of Corneal Mucopolysaccharides in Postmortem Corneal Clouding

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Shigeyuki Tsunenari ◽  
Mizuho Kanda
Keyword(s):  
Water Uptake ◽  
Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Radioactive Tracer ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Corneal Clouding ◽  
Slow Rise ◽  
Testicular Hyaluronidase

To investigate the role of corneal mucopolysaccharides (MPS) to take up water, swelling experiments were conducted on dried rabbit corneas using cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) or testicular hyaluronidase as an inactivator of corneal MPS and tritiated water as a radioactive tracer. The curves of 3H-water uptake of dried corneas in various solutions were classified into 3 types: (i) a sleep rise followed by a slow one (in distilled water), (ii) a slow rise followed by a steep one (in physiological saline solution), (iii) a slow rise followed by a constant level or a slight fall (in the solutions containing CPC). The hyaluronidase-digested corneas in distilled water took up 3H-water at two-thirds in quantities of the water uptake of the controls. The water uptake of a dried cornea was obviously inhibited with CPC or the treatment with testicular hyaluronidase. The importance of corneal MPS in postmortem corneal clouding was discussed on the basis of the present and previous data of the authors.

Effect of Undernutrition During the Perinatal Period on Caries Development in the Rat: II. Caries Susceptibility in Underfed Rats Supplemented with Protein or Caloric Additions During the Suckling Period

1973 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 680-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis Menaker ◽  
Juan M. Navia
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Protein Deficiency ◽  
Specific Role ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Suckling Period ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
Low Incidence

The specific role of protein deficiency in altering dental caries incidence in rat pups was investigated. A 10% protein supplement given to undernourished rats during development allowed them to overcome weight deficiencies and reversed dental caries to the low incidence found in well-nourished control rats. Caries in undernourished rats supplemented with an isocaloric, proteinfree solution, was as high as that of undernourished rats intubated with distilled water.

scholarly journals Larvicidal potencial of Sapindus saponaria (Sapindaceae) against Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.F. Fernandes ◽  
R.N. Leles ◽  
I.G. Silva ◽  
E.P.S. Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Alternative Control ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Sapindus Saponaria ◽  
Botanical Acaricide

The larvicidal potential of the crude ethanolic extracts (CEE) of the stem peel of Sapindus saponaria was evaluated against Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Lethal concentrations (LC), were calculated by preparing CEE solutions at different concentrations in distilled water. Larvae fasted for 14-21 days were utilized in the bioassays, after incubation of engorged females collected from infested environments frequented by dogs in several neighborhoods of Goiânia, GO. Bioassays were performed in a specially constructed biological chamber for testing botanical acaricides, acclimatized to 27±1ºC, RH>80%. The larvae were counted on filter paper envelopes impregnated with the solutions or distilled water and larval mortality observed after 48h. S. saponaria showed good larvicidal activity (LC50 and LC99 of 1994 and 3922ppm, respectively) and the results demonstrated its potential as a botanical acaricide and an alternative control measure for R. sanguineus.

scholarly journals A thermodynamic formulation of root water uptake

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 3441-3454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anke Hildebrandt ◽  
Axel Kleidon ◽  
Marcel Bechmann
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
Root Water Uptake ◽  
Flow Path ◽  
Thermodynamic Evaluation ◽  
Entire Flow ◽  
Soil Water Distribution

Abstract. By extracting bound water from the soil and lifting it to the canopy, root systems of vegetation perform work. Here we describe how root water uptake can be evaluated thermodynamically and demonstrate that this evaluation provides additional insights into the factors that impede root water uptake. We derive an expression that relates the energy export at the base of the root system to a sum of terms that reflect all fluxes and storage changes along the flow path in thermodynamic terms. We illustrate this thermodynamic formulation using an idealized setup of scenarios with a simple model. In these scenarios, we demonstrate why heterogeneity in soil water distribution and rooting properties affect the impediment of water flow even though the mean soil water content and rooting properties are the same across the scenarios. The effects of heterogeneity can clearly be identified in the thermodynamics of the system in terms of differences in dissipative losses and hydraulic energy, resulting in an earlier start of water limitation in the drying cycle. We conclude that this thermodynamic evaluation of root water uptake conveniently provides insights into the impediments of different processes along the entire flow path, which goes beyond resistances and also accounts for the role of heterogeneity in soil water distribution.

scholarly journals Effect of Aging on the Cornea of Male Albino Rat and Possible Therapeutic Role of Royal Jelly

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H R Elareny ◽  
A I Ahmed ◽  
A F Alneklawy ◽  
M K Tawfik
Keyword(s):  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Therapeutic Role ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract Introduction Nowadays interest in aging has greatly increased, Aging is a complex natural process involving every molecule, cell, and organ in the body that is associated with tissue dysfunction in many organs. Aging of the cornea causes major eye effects and leads to substantial cost in medical and social terms. These effects include the highly prevalent dry eye disease (DED) that affects both visual function and quality of life in elderly. Symptoms of (DED) include, ocular pain, visual disturbances, and increase lacrimation. Functional foods such as Royal jelly (RJ) have a growing attention because of consumers increasing concerns about their health. Its importance not only for its nutritional properties but also for its functional and biological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-ulcerous activities. It is used as a cheap natural source in daily life and medicine. (RJ) is a complex substance composed of proteins, sugars, lipids, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. Aim The present study aimed to investigate the histological effect of aging on the cornea of male albino rat and possible therapeutic role of (RJ) on senile group. Materials and Methods Twenty-four male albino rats were used in this study divided into Group I: consisted of 6 adult male rats aged 3- 6 months. Group II: consisted of 18 senile male rats aged 18-24 months, were further subdivided into three subgroups as follows: Group II A: (n = 6) negative control senile rats, not subjected to any procedure for 4 weeks. Group II B: (n = 6) control senile rats and were given distilled water by oral gavage once daily for 4 weeks. Group II C: (n = 6) senile rats were given (RJ) by oral gavage dissolved in distilled water once daily for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment, rats were sacrificed after being deeply anesthetized with ether according to the protocol of the Committee of Animal Research Ethics (CARE). The cornea of each animal was carefully dissected out after death and immediately fixed in 10% formalin for preparation of paraffin blocks 5 micrometer thickness. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (I-I&E), Masson's trichrome and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). Statistical analysis and quantitative morphometric study were done. Results Light microscopic examination of corneas of senile rats revealed different pathological changes included irregularity in the surface epithelium as well as surface erosions and cytoplasmic vacuolations. The stroma showed widely separated collagen fibers with decreased keratocyte density. It was concluded that (RJ) supplementation to senile rats obviously unproved all layers of the cornea histologically.

scholarly journals Effect of Seed Priming Techniques on Germination Parameters of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-163
Author(s):  
Milan Jocković ◽  
Petar Čanak ◽  
Vladimir Miklič ◽  
Jelena Ovuka ◽  
Velimir Radić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Germination Parameters ◽  
Priming Technique

Summary A useful approach for improving seed germination and seedling growth is a seed priming technique. Application of the priming technique enhances water absorption, causing activation of metabolic activities in the seed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of seed priming on germination parameters of safflower and to compare different priming techniques: priming by soaking and priming on filter paper. The priming treatments included hydropriming (distilled water) and osmopriming with 0.1% and 0.5% solutions of KNO3 for 8 and 16 hours. The experiment revealed significant difference between the priming treatments and the control. The highest germination (89.50%) was recorded within the priming treatments by soaking in the solution of 0.1% KNO3 and priming on filter paper moistened with 0.5% KNO3 for 8 hours. Considering germination index, mean germination time and time to 50% germination, the best results were obtained within hydropriming on filter paper for 16 hours. This study has shown that the priming techniques significantly improved germination parameters of safflower. Although priming on filter paper showed better results, the soaking technique – due to its simplicity, low cost and easiness of application – can be successfully used to improve germination parameters of safflower and increase the number of plants per unit of area and thus increase the seed yield per acreage.

The role of sodium chloride in the process of induction by lithium chloride in cells of the Rana pipiens gastrula

Development ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-396
Author(s):  
Lester G. Barth ◽  
Lucena J. Barth
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Rana Pipiens ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Pigment Cells ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Sodium Ions ◽  
Monovalent Cations ◽  
High Concentration

A study of the effects of a series of monovalent cations, Li+, Na+ and K+, and a series of divalent cations, Mn2+, Ca2+ and Mg2+, upon small aggregates of cells taken from the presumptive epidermis of Rana pipiens gastrulae revealed that these ions induce nerve and pigment cells (Barth, 1965). The effectiveness of both series of ions as inductors was similar to their effects on decreasing the electrophoretic mobility of DNA as determined by Ross & Scruggs (1964). When it was found that sucrose in glass-distilled water also would induce nerve and pigment cells the role of ions as inductors came under closer scrutiny. A study of the nature of the induction by sucrose revealed that a relatively high concentration of sodium ions was necessary in the culture medium used after sucrose treatment (Barth, 1966).

scholarly journals Larvicidal potential of Sapindus saponaria to control the cattle tick Boophilus microplus

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 1243-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando de Freitas Fernandes ◽  
Edméia de Paula e Souza Freitas ◽  
Anna Carolina da Costa ◽  
Ionizete Garcia da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Sapindus Saponaria

The objective of this study was to evaluate the larvicidal potential of a crude ethanol extract (CEE) of soapberry Sapindus saponaria stem peel on the cattle tick Boophilus microplus. Tick larvae obtained by incubating engorged females, collected from naturally infested cattle, were placed in envelopes of filter paper impregnated with different concentrations of CEE in the test group, and distilled water in the control group. Four repetitions were made with each solution (n>120). Mortality was observed after 48 hours. Lethal concentration values of 1,258 ppm (LC50) and 6,360 ppm (LC99) were obtained.

Biphasic response to acetylcholine in human veins in vivo: the role of the endothelium

1990 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Collier ◽  
Patrick Vallance
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Biphasic Response ◽  
Dorsal Hand ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Made In

1. The dose-response to acetylcholine has been examined in dorsal hand veins of healthy volunteers before and after removal of the endothelium. 2. Measurements were made in single dorsal hand veins during local infusions of acetylcholine. The vein was irrigated with distilled water to remove the endothelium. Dilator studies were performed in vessels preconstricted by a continuous infusion of noradrenaline. 3. In the endothelium-intact vessel the dose-response to acetylcholine was biphasic; low doses produced venodilatation with higher doses causing venoconstriction. 4. Dilatation to low doses of acetylcholine was abolished by prior irrigation with distilled water, consistent with denudation of the endothelium by this process. Irrigation augmented the constriction seen in response to higher doses of acetylcholine. 5. This is the first demonstration of an endothelium-dependent biphasic dose-response to acetylcholine in man. The results raise questions as to the possible physiological actions of endogenous acetylcholine and as to the use of the acetylcholine dose-response curve as a marker of endothelial function.

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