Growth of Macrocystis integrifolia in Barkley Sound, Vancouver Island, B.C.

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (21) ◽  
pp. 2707-2711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher S. Lobban
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Barkley Sound ◽  
Stipe Elongation ◽  
Macrocystis Integrifolia ◽  
Summer Maximum

Stipe elongation rates were measured over an 18-month period which included one normal summer and one in which there was unusually heavy epiphytism and defoliation. Calculated standard growth rates (G) followed atypical boreal pattern, rising in February through April, with a summer maximum of ca. 40 mm/day, and falling in October and November. This contrasts with M. pyrifera in southern California, which has G ca. 70 mm/day throughout the year. The maximum number of fronds that could be produced in the growing season by a frond series of M. integrifolia is about 20, but the number actually produced is 8; many frond initials are lost through grazing or abrasion or may be suppressed by high frond densities.

Influence of biomass and ocean climate on the growth of Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) from the southwest coast of Vancouver Island

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 2782-2788 ◽  
Author(s):  
R W Tanasichuk
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Pacific Herring ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Sea Temperature ◽  
Clupea Pallasi ◽  
Southwest Coast ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Adult Growth

I examined the growth of Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) from the southwest coast of Vancouver Island using data for over 83 000 fish seined between 1975 and 1996. Size-at-age (length, total mass) of recruits (age 3) was negatively related to parental biomass. Length was also negatively related to sea temperature over the first growing season and positively related to salinity later in the third growing season. Prerecruit effects explained variations in mass and length for adult herring ages 4 and 5, respectively. Growth of adults was described as growth increments (growth rates). Seasonal growth in length for adults was assumed to be a linear function of time, and growth in mass an exponential function. Daily growth rates for length were negatively related to initial length. Instantaneous daily growth rates in mass were a negative function of initial mass, adult biomass, and sea temperature in August. Interannual variations in condition suggest that adults grow differently in mass than they do in length. I suggest that length is not synonymous with mass as a measure of adult growth. Consequently, it provides little, if any, information on surplus energy accumulation by adults and therefore adult fish contribution to stock productivity.

Reassessment of Maximum Growth Rates for C3 and C4 Crops

1978 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Monteith
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Close Inspection ◽  
Similar Difference ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiencies

SUMMARYFigures for maximum crop growth rates, reviewed by Gifford (1974), suggest that the productivity of C3 and C4 species is almost indistinguishable. However, close inspection of these figures at source and correspondence with several authors revealed a number of errors. When all unreliable figures were discarded, the maximum growth rate for C3 stands fell in the range 34–39 g m−2 d−1 compared with 50–54 g m−2 d−1 for C4 stands. Maximum growth rates averaged over the whole growing season showed a similar difference: 13 g m−2 d−1 for C3 and 22 g m−2 d−1 for C4. These figures correspond to photosynthetic efficiencies of approximately 1·4 and 2·0%.

Wounding of aspen roots promotes suckering

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin C Fraser ◽  
Victor J Lieffers ◽  
Simon M Landhäusser
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Layer Depth ◽  
Injury Type ◽  
Organic Layers ◽  
Root Injury ◽  
Root Sucker

In early May, 1-m sections of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) roots in a forest cutblock were carefully exposed and examined for damage. Undamaged roots were subjected to one of three wounding treatments (scrape, sever, or uninjured control) and were then reburied to either the full normal organic layer depth or to one third of the normal depth. Following one growing season, the roots were reexposed and assessed for aspen sucker numbers and growth rates. Results indicate that injured roots produced suckers nearly twice as often as uninjured roots. Further, injured roots produced more suckers per root, and these suckers were taller and had greater leaf area. Roots buried under shallow organic layers also generated more suckers, regardless of injury type. The side of injury (distal or proximal) did not affect any of the measured variables. The present study suggests that moderate wounding of aspen roots increases initial sucker numbers and growth rates.Key words: trembling aspen, root sucker, root injury, regeneration.

Integrated geophysical modelling of terranes and other structural features along the western Canadian margin

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 1492-1508 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Dehler ◽  
R. M. Clowes
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Refraction ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Pacific Rim ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Reflection Seismic ◽  
Barkley Sound ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Wrangellia Terrane ◽  
Lower Crustal

An integrated geophysical data set has been used to develop structural models across the continental margin west of Vancouver Island, Canada. A modern accretionary complex underlies the continental slope and shelf and rests against and below the allochthonous Crescent and Pacific Rim terranes. These terranes in turn abut against the pre-Tertiary Wrangellia terrane that constitutes most of the island. Gravity and magnetic anomaly data, constrained by seismic reflection, seismic refraction, and other data, were interpreted to determine the offshore positions of these terranes and related features. Iterative 2.5-dimensional forward models of anomaly profiles were stepped laterally along the margin to extend areal coverage over a 70 km wide swath oriented normal to the tectonic features. An average model was then developed to represent this part of the margin. The Pacific Rim terrane appears to be continuous and close to the coastline along the length of Vancouver Island, consistent with emplacement by strike-slip motion along the margin. The Westcoast fault, the boundary between the Pacific Rim and Wrangellia terranes, is interpreted to be 15 km farther seaward than in previous interpretations in the region of Barkley Sound. The Crescent terrane forms a thin landward-dipping slab along the southern half of the Vancouver Island margin, and cannot be confirmed along the northern part. Model results suggest the slab has buckled into an anticline beneath southern Vancouver Island and Juan de Fuca Strait, uplifting high-density lower crustal or upper mantle material close to the surface to produce the observed intense positive gravity anomaly. This geometry is consistent with emplacement of the Crescent terrane by oblique subduction.

SEASONAL LEADER GROWTH OF LODGEPOLE PINE IN THE SUBALPINE FOREST OF ALBERTA

1958 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 382-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. Horton
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Subalpine Forest ◽  
Growing Period

The weekly leader growth of lodgepole pine saplings showed similar patterns but different growth rates according to aspect of site. The seasonal growing period consistently started in early May and was 12 weeks long but within this period the distribution of growth differed widely from year to year. A direct relationship existed between weekly growth and corresponding mean weekly temperatures, except toward the end of the growing season.

MORPHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF TWO ALFALFA CULTIVARS UNDER VARIOUS HARVESTING SCHEDULES

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. SINGH ◽  
J. E. WINCH
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Morphological Development

Two alfalfa cultivars grown under field conditions were harvested at different stages of maturity during the growing season of 1969. The number of buds and stems that originated from various locations on the plant and the dry weight of the stems were recorded periodically. The pattern of regrowth was the same for both cultivars. During regrowth, following all stages of harvest, many buds that developed early failed to produce mature stems. Uncut alfalfa produced a second crop of regrowth stems from the bases of stems that formed the first growth. After each harvest regrowth stems originated mainly from the stubble of the most recently harvested stems. Yield reductions occurring in successive regrowths of each harvest schedule were due mainly to the production of smaller stems. Increased growth rates following more mature stages of cutting resulted mainly from faster elongation of stems developing from larger buds. The implications of these findings with respect to the breeding of alfalfa are discussed.

Ectomycorrhizae and growth of Douglas-fir seedlings preinoculated with Rhizopogonvinicolor and outplanted on eastern Vancouver Island

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1711-1715 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Berch ◽  
A.L. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
The Other ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Field Season ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Growth Differences ◽  
And Control

Ectomycorrhizal colonization of container-grown Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco (Douglas-fir) inoculated with Rhizopogonvinicolor A.H. Smith was determined after cold storage and after one growing season on a clearcut on eastern Vancouver Island. Inoculated Douglas-fir seedlings were taller than noninoculated controls when outplanted but, perhaps because of browse damage, no growth differences were found after one field season. Rhizopogonvinicolor colonized all of the inoculated but none of the control seedlings examined after cold storage. Volunteer Thelephoraterrestris Fr. colonized almost half of the control and 10% of the inoculated seedlings before outplanting. After one field season, inoculated and control seedlings were colonized by 15 ectomycorrhizal fungi each, only eight of which were found on both. Rhizopogonvinicolor persisted on the roots of inoculated plants, but was also present in the field soil since the control seedlings also bore these mycorrhizae after one growing season. The relative abundance of T. terrestris decreased from the nursery to the field. The other common ectomycorrhizae in the field included Myceliumradicisatrovirens Melin, Cenococcumgeophilum Fr., and types resembling Tuber and Endogone.

The trade-off between vegetation restoration and soil & water conservation in Loess Plateau, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiqiang Gao ◽  
Shuguang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Restoration ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Water Condition ◽  
Soil And Water

<p>China has implemented an ambitious ecological project Grain for Green Project (GGP) on the Loess Plateau (LP) at the end of last century. The GGP was to increase vegetation coverage, reduce soil and water erosion and store Carbon by converting croplands on steep slopes barren hills and wasteland to forests. Assessing the ecological effects of GGP correctly could improve vegetation restoration activities worldwide. In this study, two major ecological indicators (vegetation restoration and soil & water conservation) were used to evaluate the ecological benefits of GGP from 1982 to 2017. Our results show that the vegetation growth for most pixels of LP region have significantly increased at 21 century, annual growth rates of fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active Radiation (FPAR) in spring, summer, autumn and active growing season are 1.39, 4.49, 2.14 and 1.47, respectively. For leaf area index (LAI), these growth rates are 6.01, 20.06, 8.11 and 6.90, respectively. And for normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), growth rates are 6.30, 25.46, 7.99 and 20.43, respectively. While the soil and water condition has differently changed, annual growth rates of soil moisture (SM) are 4.46, 2.79 and 2.30 for summer, active growing season and whole year, respectively. The coordinated responses of vegetation and soil & water condition suggest that the interaction between organisms (vegetation, animal and human) and environment (soil, water and so on) in the process of vegetation restoration should be further recognized to evaluate the benefits of ecological engineering more comprehensively.</p>

Northeast Pacific Cretaceous record ofPyropsis(Neogastropoda: Pyropsidae) and paleobiogeography of the genus

2011 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 1199-1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Squires
Keyword(s):  
Southern California ◽  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
New World ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Northern California ◽  
Shallow Marine ◽  
Northeast Pacific ◽  
Siliciclastic Rocks ◽  
First Time ◽  
Warm Temperate

The neogastropod genusPyropsisConrad, 1860 (family Pyropsidae Stephenson, 1941) is recognized for the first time from Upper Cretaceous shallow-marine siliciclastic rocks in the region extending from Vancouver Island, British Columbia southward to southern California. Four new species were detected:Pyropsis aldersoni(earliest Coniacian, southern California),Pyropsis californica(early Coniacian, northern California),Pyropsis louellae(late Coniacian or early Santonian, northern California), andPyropsis grahami(late early Campanian, Vancouver Island).A critical review of the global reports ofPyropsis, a genus that has been commonly confused with other genera (especiallyTudiclaRöding, 1798), establishes thatPyropsishad an amphitropical distribution and lived in warm-temperate waters adjacent to a broad tropical realm. It is rare to uncommon wherever found, and its geologic range is middle Cenomanian to an age near the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary (probably earliest Paleocene). It was moderately widespread before the Maastrichtian but was predominantly restricted to the New World during the Maastrichtian.

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