Axenic culture of Cronartium fusiforme from three spore forms

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (21) ◽  
pp. 2641-2647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Hare
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Axenic Culture ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Dikaryotic Mycelium ◽  
Axenic Cultures ◽  
First Time

Axenic cultures of the fusiform rust fungus (Cronartium fusiforme) were initiated from basidiospores, aeciospores, and uredospores. The morphology, cytology, and nuclear condition of the mycelium from the three spore stages are described and illustrated. Cultures derived from aeciospores and uredospores of C. fusiforme are reported for the first time. An improved culture medium is described. Inoculation of slash pine (Pinus elliottii var. elliottii) seedlings with suspensions of mycelium from basidiospores induced some typical galls which produced pycnial exudates and aeciospores. On synthetic medium, cultures from basidiospores were monokaryotic. Mostly dikaryotic mycelium was produced from aeciospores and uredospores, but some monokaryotic hyphae were observed.

scholarly journals Comparison of Planted Loblolly and Slash Pine Performance in Southeast Texas

1993 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. David Lenhart ◽  
Gary D. Kronrad ◽  
Michael S. Fountain
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Stem Straightness ◽  
Southeast Texas ◽  
Total Tree

Abstract The performance of young (less than 10 yr) loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) and slash (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) pine trees was compared on planted sites in southeast Texas. Performance was compared for: total tree height; tree diameter; height to live tree crown; tree volume index,; incidenceof fusiform rust (Cronartium quercuum [Berk.] Miyabe ex Shirai f. sp. fusiforme); crookedness of stems; and survival rates. For these young trees, slash pine tended to perform better in southeast Texas than loblolly pine in total tree height, tree diameter, stem size, height to first livebranch and stem straightness. However, loblolly pine was less susceptible to fusiform rust than slash pine, and its mortality rate was lower than slash pine. However, based on the performance of these young plantations, a recommendation on the preferred pine species to plant in southeast Texasmight be premature. South. J. Appl. For. 17(1):26-31.

scholarly journals Fusiform Rust Trends in East Texas: 1969-1987

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. David Lenhart ◽  
W. Thomas McGrath ◽  
Terry L. Hackett
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Cronartium Quercuum ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Five surveys of pine plantations in East Texas over an 18-year period (1969-1987) indicated that fusiform rust (Cronartium quercuum [Berk.] Miyabe ex Shirai f. sp. fusiforme Birdsall and Snow) infection rates have increased to current levels of about 50% on slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) and are continuing to increase on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) to 10-15% levels. South. J. Appl. For. 12(4):259-261.

Predicted Genetic Gains from one Generation of Slash Pine Tree Improvement

1989 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Hodge ◽  
T. L. White ◽  
G. L. Powell ◽  
S. M. De Souza
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Model ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Growth And Yield Model

Abstract Gains over unimproved seed for progeny from first generation--un-rogued, first generation--rogued, and one and one-half generation orchards of slash pine (Pinus elliottii var. elliottii) for individual tree volume at 15 years are predicted to be 10%, 15%, and 19%, respectively. Rustinfection of orchard progeny on sites where unimproved material incurs 50% infection are predicted to be 49%, 41%, and 35% for the three orchard types. Using a growth and yield model that incorporates fusiform rust, gains in individual tree volume and increased rust resistance were combinedto estimate effects on per acre yields. Percent volume per acre gains are predicted to be 7.0%, 13.2%, and 18.0% for the three orchard types. Collection and deployment of the most rust resistant seed to high rust hazard sites raises the gain on these sites and becomes increasingly beneficialas the rust hazard increases. South. J. Appl. For. 13(1): 51-56.

Substantial Realized Gains from Mass Selection of Fusiform Rust-Free Trees in Highly Infected Stands of Slash Pine

1990 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Hodge ◽  
R. A. Schmidt ◽  
T. L. White
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Realized Heritability ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Rust Infection ◽  
Progeny Tests ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Three independent slash pine (Pinus elliottii var. elliottii) populations were formed through mass selection of fusiform rust-free individuals in stands with over 90% infection. Realized gain estimates were developed by comparing offspring from 592 selections to unimproved material in 46 progeny tests, and indicate substantial genetic gain in resistance. Across all tests of the three populations, unimproved material incurred nearly the entire possible range of infection from 0 to 100%. When both parents were rust-free selections, progeny rust infection was only two-thirds of the rust infection incurred by unimproved material at all levels of rust hazard. Realized heritability is high (hr2 ≅ 0.35), and increased resistance is evident in nearly all environments. This indicates that substantial genetic gain can be made by mass selection of healthy trees in highly infected stands. South. J. Appl. For. 14(3):143-146.

Sawtimber as an Alternative Forest Management Strategy for Sites with a High Fusiform Rust Hazard

1987 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 228-231
Author(s):  
R. C. Froelich
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Stem Infection

Abstract High percentages of fusiform rust stem infection in slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) and loblolly pine (P. taeda L.) plantations make it impossible to obtain maximum fiber (pulpwood) yield. Whether sawtimber yields wilt also be reduced depends largely on initial stocking. Most plantations that develop as much as 60 to 70% stem infection should be capable of achieving their potential yield of sawtimber if 500 to 600 trees are living at the end of the first growing set, son. South J. Appl. For. 11(4):228-231.

scholarly journals Fusiform Rust Trends in East Texas

1986 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellis V. Hunt ◽  
J. David Lenhart
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Loblolly Pines ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Four surveys of pine plantations in East Texas between 1969 and 1984 indicate that fusiform rust (Cronartium quercuum (Berk.) Miyabe ex Shirai f. sp. fusiforme) infection rates are increasing on slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) and either decreasing or about constant on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Currently, stem infections occur on about 1 in 2 slash pines and 1 in 14 loblolly pines. South. J. Appl. For. 10:215-216, Nov. 1986.

scholarly journals Prescreening Slash Pine and Cronartium Pedigrees for Evaluation of Complementary Gene Action in Fusiform Rust Disease

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Stelzer ◽  
R. L. Doudrick ◽  
T. L. Kubisiak ◽  
C. D. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Gene Action ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Interaction Studies ◽  
Complementary Gene ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Host Families ◽  
Complementary Gene Action

Single-urediniospore cultures of the fusiform rust fungus were used to inoculate seedlings from 10 full-sib families of a five-parent slash pine diallel at two different times in 1994. The presence or absence of fusiform rust galls was recorded for each inoculated seedling at 9 months postinoculation, and percent infection levels for each family-inoculum-time combination were used for detecting differences among host families and fungal cultures and for identifying differential interactions. The existence of differential interactions between two or more fungal cultures and two or more host families verifies that complementary gene action does exist in this pathosystem. Some host families may be excluded from more detailed interaction studies on the basis of their redundancy and lack of participation in differential interactions.

Triadimefon Controls Fusiform Rust in Young Slash Pine Plantations

1986 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Rowan
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Foliar Sprays

Abstract Triadimefon (Bayleton®) effectively controlled fusiform rust in a slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) plantation when three or more foliar sprays containing 600 ppm a.i. were applied annually (March to June) to runoff. Fewer foliar sprays and a top-dip applied at planting did not provide effective control of the disease. From the spray volumes applied over a five-year period, an estimated maximum of 505 mg a.i. triadimefon accumulated per tree. This amount did not reduce tree growth or survival. South. J. Appl. For. 10:112-114, May 1986.

Projected gains in rotation-age volume and value from fusiform rust resistant slash and loblolly pines

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 737-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy T Brawner ◽  
Douglas R Carter ◽  
Dudley A Huber ◽  
Timothy L White
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Planting Stock ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Marginal Value ◽  
Loblolly Pines ◽  
Rotation Age ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Midrotation data from large block plots of resistant and susceptible slash (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were used in combination with the Georgia pine plantation simulator growth model to provide projected gains per hectare in volume and value generated by resistance to fusiform rust (Cronartium quercum (Berk.) Miyabe ex Shirai f.sp. fusiforme). The difference in the projected volume production between the resistant and susceptible planting stock of slash pine was larger than the difference between resistance levels in loblolly pine. The increases in projected volume and the reductions in percent infection of the resistant stock led to large differences in the value of the resistant and susceptible planting stock. At a 6% real discount rate, plantations of resistant slash pine were on average worth between 40.2 and 89.8% more than plantations of susceptible slash pine. Plantations of resistant loblolly were on average worth between 6.1 and 40.3% more than plantations of susceptible loblolly pine. However, the marginal value of rust resistance in loblolly was not significantly different from zero under the assumption that economic differences are only due to volume losses and not losses due to product degrade.

scholarly journals Characterizing Fusiform Rust Incidence and Distribution in East Texas

1994 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. David Lenhart ◽  
Timothy G. Gregoire ◽  
Gary D. Kronrad ◽  
A. Gordon Holley
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Three measurement cycles were completed on an extensive network of loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) pine and slash (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) pine plots in industrial plantations throughout East Texas in 1984, 1987, and 1990. Because the incidence of fusiform rust caused by Cronartium quercuum [Berk.] Miyabe ex Shirai f. sp. fusiforme had been recorded at each measurement, it is possible to characterize the temporal and geographic distribution of fusiform rust among these industrial pine plantations in East Texas. Average rust incidence for each species by two year age classes is presented. For loblolly pine, there is no apparent change in overall average incidence between 1987 and 1990, whereas for slash pine, there is an apparent overall average decline of about 7-8 percentage points. For some slash pine age classes, the incidence decline is 20-30 percentage points. Loblolly and slash pine rust incidence maps depict the geographic distribution of rust infection by plantation age groups in East Texas. South. J. Appl. For. 18(1):29-34.

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