Photoperiod and floral-bud development in Caryopteris × clandonensis

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (16) ◽  
pp. 1844-1851
Author(s):  
David B. Layzell ◽  
Roger F. Horton
Keyword(s):  
Floral Development ◽  
Anther Wall ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Floral Bud ◽  
Short Days

Floral development in Caryopteris × clandonensis A. Simmonds (C. incana (Houtt.) Miq. × C. mongholica Bunge) from cyme initiation through to anthesis is described, with emphasis on the development of the anthers. The later stages of development and anthesis are completed only on mature plants under short days (SD, 8 h light per day). Under long days (LD, 20 h light per day) senescence occurs in the early stages of anther wall differentiation.

Etude expérimentale sur les premiers stades du développement du membre antérieur chez l'embryon du Chélonien Emys orbicularis L.: détermination en mosaïque et régulation

Development ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-148
Author(s):  
J. Vasse
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Limb Development ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Emys Orbicularis ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Regional Determination

Experimental study on the early stages of development of the front limbs of the embryo of the chelonian Emys orbicularis L.: mosaic determination and regulation Ablation of postotic somites 6–13 on one side in embryos of Emys orbicularis L. or injury to the adjacent somatopleure at the developmental stage when 15–21 somite pairs were present, led to arrest of forelimb-bud development in this part of the somatopleure on the operated side. Limb development in the remaining part of prospective somatopleure on the operated side was investigated 5–11 days after the operation. When this part of somatopleure was adjacent to cranial somites 6–9 or 6–10, the development stopped at the start of the apical crest as in Anguis or Scelotes forelimb-buds. A part of somatopleure adjacent to caudal somites 8–12, 9–12 or 10–12 developed into a normal limb with three segments; a part of somatopleure adjacent to 1–2 somites only, developed into a reduced limb, scarcely swelling. Each somitic level developed in relation to its initial regional determination dependent on position in the cephalocaudal axis; to its environment (cranial or caudal bud) and to the quantity of somatopleural material in the bud.

Etudes expérimentales sur le rôle des somites au cours des premiers stades du développement du membre antérieur chez l'embryon du Chélonien Emys orbicularis L.

Development ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-430
Author(s):  
Par J. Vasse
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Limb Development ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Emys Orbicularis ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Early Stages

Experimental study on the role of the somites during the early stages of development of the front limbs of the embryo of the chelonian Emys orbicularis L. Ablation of postotic somites 6–13 on one side in embryos of Emys orbicularis L. at the developmental stage when 20–23 somite pairs were present, led to arrest of forelimb-bud development in the somatopleure adjacent to the ablated somites on the operated side. Limb development in the somatopleure adjacent to intact somites on the operated side was unaffected, attaining the same stage as on the non-operated side. Ablation at later stages (25–33 somite pairs) did not prevent development of the limb adjacent to the ablated somites. When a part of the prospective somatopleure was injured, the remaining part formed a small limb-bud. When an obstacle was placed between the somatopleural mesoderm and the adjacent somite, development of the somatopleure stopped at this level. These results corroborate those obtained from previous studies in various reptilian embryos concerning the role of the ventral somite extensions as activators of proliferation in the somatopleural mesoderm. Injury to the ventral extension alone led to serious disturbances in the somatopleural mesoderm adjacent to this somite.

Developmental morphology of the flower of Anthurium jenmanii: a new element in our understanding of basal Araceae

Botany ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Barabé ◽  
Christian Lacroix
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Developmental Morphology ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Floral Primordia ◽  
Scanning Electron

The early stages of development of the inflorescence of Anthurium jenmanii Engl. were examined using scanning electron microscopy. The inflorescence of A. jenmanii consists of more than 100 flowers arranged in recognizable spirals. Each flower has four broad tepals enclosing four stamens that are not visible prior to anthesis. The gynoecium consists of two carpels. The floral primordia are first initiated on the lower portion of the inflorescence, they then increase in size and appear as transversely extended bulges. The two lateral tepals are the first organs to be initiated, followed shortly thereafter by the two median tepals. The two lateral stamens are initiated first, directly opposite the lateral tepals, and are followed by two median stamens initiated directly opposite the median tepals. A two-lobed stigma is clearly visible during the early stages of development of the gynoecium. On some of the young inflorescences, all floral parts were covered by extracellular calcium oxalate crystals. The release of these prismatic crystals occurs before the stamens and petals have reached maturity. The mode of floral development observed in Anthurium has similarities with that reported for Gymnostachys . However, contrary to Gymnostachys, the development of the flower of A. jenmanii is not unidirectional.

L'androcée centripète d’Ochna atropurpurea

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (20) ◽  
pp. 2500-2511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernand Pauzé ◽  
Rolf Sattler
Keyword(s):  
Floral Development ◽  
Fundamental Importance ◽  
Reliable Criterion ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Stamen Primordia ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Definite Pattern ◽  
Phylogenetic Lineages ◽  
Floral Bud

After the inception of usually five sepals and five petals, five primary androecial primordia are initiated as broad bulges in alternation with the narrow petal primordia. On each of these primary androecial primordia, usually seven stamen primordia (i.e., secondary androecial primordia) are formed centripetally in a definite pattern. The fasciculate pattern of the androecium is noticeable only in very early stages of floral development since the stamen primordia of adjacent primary androecial primordia approach each other as closely as the stamen primordia of the same primary androecial primordium. Furthermore, the number and arrangement of the stamen primordia on the primary androecial primordia may vary even within the same floral bud. The total number of stamens per floral bud varied from 26 to 43, while the number of petals varied from 4 to 6. Some of the stamen primordia, especially among the inner ones, sometimes develop into filament-like staminodia. The findings support the view that the Dilleniidae cannot be generally characterized by a centrifugal androecium. The sequence of stamen inception is not necessarily of such fundamental importance that it is a reliable criterion for the reconstitution of major phylogenetic lineages at or above the rank of families. Shifts from a centrifugal to a centripetal androecium or vice versa may have occurred during the evolution of taxa at the ordinal (or even family) level. [Translated by the journal]

scholarly journals Microsporogenesis of peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) varieties

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Szalay ◽  
B. Timon ◽  
Z. Szabó ◽  
J. Papp
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Floral Bud

Bud dormancy during winter is a critical factor in peach production in Hungary. The yield is determined basically by the survival rate of flower buds during winter frosts and by their ability to develop normal floral organs. It is important to investigate the genetic basis of slow floral development during dormancy for the purpose of breeding peach varieties with better winter hardiness. The aim of the present research was to examine microsporogenesis in 14 peach varieties during three successive winters in a Hungarian germplasm collection and to study the effectiveness of this method in variety evaluation. There were significant differences in the dynamics of microsporogenesis both between the varieties and between the years. Of the varieties, ‘Mayfire', bred in California, possessed the quickest pollen development rate. The microsporogenesis of `Piroska', a Hungarian local variety, was the slowest. Rapid floral bud development was observed in `Aranycsillag', `Springcrest' and 'Venus'. A medium developmental rate was characteristic of `Babygold 6', Fairlane', `Michelini' and `Red June', while development was slow in 'Champion', 'Early Redhaven', `Redhaven', `Harko' and `Mariska'. Based on these results, the study of microsporogenesis represents a reliable method for the phenological description of peach varieties during dormancy. The application of this method makes it possible to identify varieties and landraces with slow flower bud development, suggesting better winter hardiness.

Staminate floral development in Begonia cucullata var. hookeri and three double-flowering begonia cultivars, examples of homeosis

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 1729-1741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nalda L. Lehmann ◽  
Rolf Sattler
Keyword(s):  
Floral Development ◽  
Staminate Flower ◽  
Double Flower ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Double Flowering ◽  
Begonia Semperflorens

Homeosis is a process whereby features characteristic of one structure are found in the position that a different structure normally occupies. In three double-flowering begonia cultivars, perianth features are expressed in the positions stamens occupy in a single-flowering begonia. The staminate flower of Begonia cucullata var. hookeri (Willd.) consists of two broad sepals, two small petals in a more or less decussate arrangement, and an androecium of numerous stamens. The staminate flowers of Begonia semperflorens-cultorum ‘Cinderella’, ‘Goldie Locks’, and ‘Lucy Lockett’ also have a perianth of two sepals and two petals, but sepaloid and petaloid appendages form in positions that stamens occupy in the single-flowered progenitor. Using epi-iilumination microscopy, we found that early stages of floral development in the double-flowering cultivars are similar to the early stages of development in the single-flowered begonia, while later stages diverge remarkably. The first primordia that will form petaloid appendages are small and round at the time of initiation, similar in appearance and position to those primordia that become stamens in the single-flowered begonia. As these primordia develop, they broaden and flatten, forming perianth-like appendages. Keywords: homeosis, begonia, double flower, floral development.

NOTEAspects of floral development in Caladium bicolor (Araceae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (8) ◽  
pp. 899-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Barabé ◽  
Christian Lacroix
Keyword(s):  
Floral Development ◽  
Intermediate Zone ◽  
Intermediate Form ◽  
Sterile Male ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Male Flowers

In the spadix of Caladium, there is a clearly recognizable intermediate zone consisting of sterile male flowers. The transition between the female zone and the male sterile zone is more or less abrupt. During the early stages of development of the inflorescence, a few atypical bisexual flowers between the female zone and the male sterile zone are recognizable. These atypical flowers display a variety of forms. However, in all cases, the staminate portion of the flower is located near the male zone and the gynoecial portion near the female zone. The undeveloped synandroidral portion and the rudimentary gynoecium belong to the same meristematic unit and can be viewed as a single whorl. The early stages of development of atypical bisexual flowers in Caladium and Philodendron are relatively similar and therefore represent an intermediate form between female and male sterile flowers.Key words: inflorescence, homeosis, gradient, flower.

scholarly journals Ethylene and 1-methylcyclopropene action over senescence of nasturtium flowers

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania P Silva ◽  
Fernando L Finger
Keyword(s):  
Floral Development ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Flower Senescence ◽  
Premature Senescence ◽  
Flower Opening ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
The Third ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene ◽  
Floral Bud

ABSTRACT: This work describes ethylene and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) action on post-harvest shelf life of four development stages of nasturtium flowers. To reach this goal, we carried out three experiments. In the first and second experiments, we studied five ethylene (0; 0.1; 1; 10; 100 and 1000 μL/L) and three 1-MCP concentrations (0.25; 0.5 and 0.75 μL/L), respectively. In the third experiment, 1-MCP was followed by combined with ethylene (only 1-MCP; only ethylene; and 24 hours of exposure to 0.75 μL/L 1-MCP followed by 24 hours of exposure to 100 μL/L ethylene). All experiments had two control treatments, one keeping non-exposed flowers inside and another outside exposure chambers. Experiments were set in factorial design, in complete blocks at random, with four 10-flower replications each. Flower senescence was determined by a pre-established visual scale and by observing floral bud development. Ethylene dose above 10 μL/L induced flower wilting and premature senescence from the second floral development stage. Furthermore, higher concentrations of exogenous ethylene promoted irregular flower opening and/or morphological abnormalities in opened flowers. 1-MCP effectively extended post-harvest longevity of nasturtium flowers, independent of the concentration and even in the presence of exogenous ethylene.

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