Comparison of soil microfungal populations in disturbed and undisturbed forests in northern Wisconsin

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (14) ◽  
pp. 1702-1709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald T. Wicklow ◽  
W. F. Whittingham
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
Successional Forests ◽  
Soil Dilution

Soil dilution plates were used to isolate populations of microfungi associated with the different soil horizons of five secondary successional forests, which arose after fire or clear-cutting, and three virginal (reference) stands. Ordinations of the populations within each horizon, based on similarities in the species composition of the microfungal communities, revealed the disturbed stands differed from their respective reference stands, although there was no consistent displacement of the stands in the ordinations. Most of the differences entailed alterations in frequency and (or) density, although a few species were predominant in one forest type but not in its counterpart. The most recently disturbed areas exhibited the greatest displacements from their reference stands. The ordinations suggested there is a sequential recovery of the mycoflora in the disturbed stands on loamy sand soils which would eventually result in a population similar to that in the reference stand.

scholarly journals Natural Regeneration of the Tree Stand in the Bilberry Spruce Forest—Clear-Cutting Ecotone Complex in the First Post-Logging Decade

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1542
Author(s):  
Nadezhda V. Genikova ◽  
Viktor N. Mamontov ◽  
Alexander M. Kryshen ◽  
Vladimir A. Kharitonov ◽  
Sergey A. Moshnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Clear Cutting

Bilberry spruce forests are the most widespread forest type in the European boreal zone. Limiting the clear-cuttings size leads to fragmentation of forest cover and the appearance of large areas of ecotone complexes, composed of forest (F), a transition from forest to the cut-over site under tree canopy (FE), a transition from forest to the cut-over site beyond tree canopy (CE), and the actual clear-cut site (C). Natural regeneration of woody species (spruce, birch, rowan) in the bilberry spruce stand—clear-cut ecotone complex was studied during the first decade after logging. The effects produced by the time since cutting, forest edge aspect, and the ground cover on the emergence and growth of trees and shrubs under forest canopy and openly in the clear-cut were investigated. Estimating the amount and size of different species in the regeneration showed FE and CE width to be 8 m—roughly half the height of first-story trees. Typical forest conditions (F) feature a relatively small amount of regenerating spruce and birch. The most favorable conditions for natural regeneration of spruce in the clear-cut—mature bilberry spruce stand ecotone are at the forest edge in areas of transition both towards the forest and towards the clear-cut (FE and CE). Clear-cut areas farther from the forest edge (C) offer an advantage to regenerating birch, which grows densely and actively in this area.

Composition and structure algal сommunity of the Сát Tiên National Park, Southern Vietnam (first data)

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
Elena M. Kezlya ◽  
Anton M. Glushchenko ◽  
Yevhen I. Maltsev ◽  
Svetlana Y. Maltseva ◽  
Evgeniy S. Gusev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
National Park ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Southern Vietnam ◽  
South Vietnam ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Cat Tien National Park

The report presents the results of a study of algae in forest soils in the Cat Tien National Park (South Vietnam) using 7 model sites as an example. The species composition of algae and their vertical distribution in the soil horizons have been characterized.

scholarly journals Mono-specific forest plantations are valuable bat habitats: implications for wind energy development

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sascha Buchholz ◽  
Volker Kelm ◽  
Simon J. Ghanem
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Bat Activity ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Bat Conservation ◽  
Wind Energy Development

AbstractNear-natural or semi-natural forests such as relatively undisturbed and old deciduous or mixed woodland are considered worth protecting and ecologically valuable habitats for bat conservation. In contrast, mono-specific forest plantations are considered ecologically less valuable; thus, decision-makers recommend these plantations as suitable locations for wind power stations and therefore want to further expand wind turbines in these habitats. This is expected to have a strong negative impact on the landscape because forests would be cleared for wind turbine pads and access roads and wind turbines rise above the trees with adverse impacts for bats. Therefore, we argue that, in light of bat conservation, the suitability of forest plantations for wind energy development is not, per se, warranted and that implications of wind power stations, even in mono-specific forest plantations, should be assessed and evaluated. We conducted long-term bat activity monitoring and recorded bat echolocation calls above the canopies of different forest sites (coniferous monoculture plantations and semi-natural mixed deciduous forests) in Germany and compared different forest types in terms of species richness, total bat activity, activity of the three bat species groups and species composition. Generalised linear models revealed that forest type and the amount of forest biotopes did not enhance bat activity. Ordination showed that species composition was not affected by forest type, location and connectivity. Mono-specific forest plantations can harbour a diverse bat fauna with high species activity and are, therefore, valuable bat habitats just as near-natural or semi-natural woodlands are. Environmental impact assessment and mitigation measures are vital in all forest types before and after planning for wind energy turbines. In particular, future planning and approval processes must consider the importance of mono-specific forest plantations for bat species protection.

Effects on understory biomass and forage 8–10 years after precommercial thinning of Sitka spruce – western hemlock stands in southeast Alaska

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-225
Author(s):  
Justin S. Crotteau ◽  
Annelise Z. Rue-Johns ◽  
Jeffrey C. Barnard
Keyword(s):  
Forest Type ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Picea Sitchensis ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
Precommercial Thinning ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Understory Biomass

In southeast Alaska, United States, multiple-use forest management objectives include both timber production and wildlife habitat. Following stand-replacing disturbances such as clear-cutting, Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carrière) and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) naturally regenerate and competitively dominate resources, excluding understory biomass and biodiversity. Thinning may mitigate the effects of canopy closure and permit understory development, but evidence of the effect on understories 8–10 years after thinning is lacking. We report results 4–5 and 8–10 years after thinning experiments on the Tongass National Forest to demonstrate the effects of precommercial thinning (thinned versus control), stand age (15–25, 25–35, and 35–50 years), and weather on understory dynamics and Sitka black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis Merriam, 1898) forage availability. Stand density negatively affected understory biomass, whereas temperature and precipitation positively interacted to increase biomass. Thinning had an enduring effect on understories, with biomass at least twice as great in thinned versus unthinned stands through year 10. We identified compositional differences from thinning as stand age class increased. Deer forage responded similarly to biomass, but thinning-induced differences faded with increased winter snowfall scenarios, especially in older stands. This study aids the understanding of stand overstory and understory development following silvicultural treatments in the coastal temperate rain forest of Alaska and suggests management implications and applications for balancing objectives throughout the forest type.

Investigation of Platinum and Nickel Nanoparticles Migration and Accumulation in Soils within the Southeastern Part of West Siberia

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey P. Kulizhskiy ◽  
Sergey V. Loiko ◽  
Yuri N. Morgalev ◽  
Georgy I. Istigechev ◽  
Anna V. Rodikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Nickel Nanoparticles ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Capillary Water ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Southeastern Part

The migration and accumulation of nickel (nNi) and platinum (nPt) nanoparticles (NPs) in loamy sand and loamy soils (Luvisols) occupying the largest area in the southeastern part of West Siberia, have been investigated. The experiments were made in situ. The loamy sand soils (Albic Lamellic Luvisol) were tested down to a depth of 55 cm to sorb 100% nNi and at least 71% nPt of their total introduced amount. The rest 29% nPt either penetrated below the depth of 55 cm, or moved laterally. The experimental results in loamy soils enormously differed. Thus, only 16 to 20% nPt and 8 to 10 % nPt migrated radially in the Albic Luvisol and adjacent Stagnic Luvisol, respectively, while the rest NPs shifted laterally. The differences between the loamy soils are associated with lesser biogenic porosity of the Stagnic Luvisol, and, as a consequence, with higher density. The NPs migration and sorption processes are related to the soil properties differentiation. The inverse correlation between the concentration of nPt sorbed in soil horizons and their density with R2 = 0.67 has been established. NPs have shown high migrational ability with nNi to a lesser extent, and nPt to a larger extent. During a single introduction, these are able to penetrate depths of more than 1 m with both gravitational and capillary water.

Changes in bacterial populations in a clear-cut beech forest soil planted with spruce

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 644-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thu Kauri
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Beech Forest ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Multipoint Method

A beech forest after clear-cutting was replanted with spruce. To study how this perturbation affected soil bacteria and their physiological capabilities, an investigation was undertaken 4 years after the change of forest type. Compared with an earlier study in the beech forest, from 1972 to 1975, conducted immediately before clear-cutting, bacterial numbers in the young spruce plantation had increased; an exception was the upper layer (A00), where the numbers decreased. The population densities of bacteria decomposing xylan, pectin, starch, cellulose, and chitin were estimated by a direct multipoint method. The numbers of bacteria in all the physiological groups studied were higher in 1979–1980, with the same exception as before (A00). The greatest changes occurred in the upper horizons. There were considerable changes in the soil environment after the former beech litter fall ceased; the forest floor became more exposed, and the ground vegetation changed. Changes took place in soil properties, such as organic matter and pH. A slight increase in pH was observed in all horizons except in A00, and organic matter increased in two of the horizons (A01/A1; A1).

Spatial simulation of forest succession and timber harvesting using LANDIS

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J Gustafson ◽  
Stephen R Shifley ◽  
David J Mladenoff ◽  
Kevin K Nimerfro ◽  
Hong S He
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Forest Succession ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Wide Range

The LANDIS model simulates ecological dynamics, including forest succession, disturbance, seed dispersal and establishment, fire and wind disturbance, and their interactions. We describe the addition to LANDIS of capabilities to simulate forest vegetation management, including harvest. Stands (groups of cells) are prioritized for harvest using one of four ranking algorithms that use criteria related to forest management objectives. Cells within a selected stand are harvested according to the species and age cohort removal rules specified in a prescription. These flexible removal rules allow simulation of a wide range of prescriptions such as prescribed burning, thinning, single-tree selection, and clear-cutting. We present a case study of the application of LANDIS to a managed watershed in the Missouri (U.S.A.) Ozark Mountains to illustrate the utility of this approach to simulate succession as a response to forest management and other disturbance. The different cutting practices produced differences in species and size-class composition, average patch sizes (for patches defined by forest type or by size class), and amount of forest edge across the landscape. The capabilities of LANDIS provide a modeling tool to investigate questions of how timber management changes forest composition and spatial pattern, providing insight into ecological response to forest management.

Natural Regeneration of Ground Storey Vegetation in a Semi-Arid Woodland Following Mechanical Disturbance and Burning. 1. Ground Cover Levels and Composition.

1995 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Walker ◽  
TB Koen
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
Total Cover ◽  
Mechanical Disturbance ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
Rainfall Seasonality ◽  
Semi Arid

A study was made over a period of 12 years of the natural regeneration of vegetation along a corridor corridor cleared for the construction of a natural gas pipeline in a semi-arid woodland in central- western New South Wales. Total cover, proportion of grasses, and species composition were assessed on the infilled trench and on areas from which topsoil had been bladed, as well as on adjacent undisturbed areas and areas burned by a wildfire. All areas were grazed continuously by sheep under normal station management, and by native animals. After four years of about average rainfall, total cover on disturbed areas had regained levels as high or higher than on adjacent areas, and was maintained thereafter. On many individual sites this period was as short as eighteen months. The proportion of grasses remained much lower on disturbed areas, except for some periods of annual grass dominance. Species composition remained very different between disturbed and undisturbed areas, the main difference being in perennial species. However, composition also varied markedly between years, according to rainfall seasonality and competition from previously established plants. Little difference was apparent between undisturbed areas and similar areas which had burned twelve months before the first measurements. Mechanical disturbance caused by trenching and blading had a much greater effect on vegetation than did fire, and the effects were still obvious after twelve years.

Effects of forest clear-cutting on the sulphur, phosphorus and base cations fluxes through podzolic soil horizons

2004 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirpa Piirainen ◽  
Leena Finér ◽  
Hannu Mannerkoski ◽  
Michael Starr
Keyword(s):  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Clear Cutting

Effects of two silvicultural practices on ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in a northern hardwood forest, Quebec, Canada

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 959-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-David Moore ◽  
Rock Ouimet ◽  
Daniel Houle ◽  
Claude Camiré
Keyword(s):  
Forest Type ◽  
Forest Disturbance ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Hardwood Forest ◽  
Northern Hardwood Forest ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
The Impact

The impact of selective cutting (6 and 8 years after treatment) and strip clear-cutting (12 and 13 years after treatment) on abundance and diversity of carabid beetles was evaluated in a northern hardwood forest of Quebec, Canada. A total of 1078 individuals belonging to 14 species were captured with pitfall traps from June to September 1996 during 2568 day-trap. Abundance of Synuchus impunctatus Say was significantly higher in clear-cut compared with uncut control strips. There were no within-species differences between selectively cut and uncut plots. None of these two silvicultural systems had any significant impacts on species diversity and richness 6–13 years after treatment. Although we observed an effect of strip clear-cutting on the abundance of S. impunctatus in this northern hardwood forest, the discrepancy between the response of carabids to forest disturbance in this study compared with other studies in different ecological regions suggests that the same carabid beetle species cannot be used as an indicator of forest disturbance over a large region. Our results suggest the use of carabid beetles as a disturbance indicator at the ecological-type scale (relatively similar soil and forest type) in a given region.

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