Factors influencing the distribution of Egregia menziesii (Phaeophyta, Laminariales) in British Columbia, Canada

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 1198-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Gordon ◽  
R. E. DE Wreede
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Algal Flora ◽  
The West ◽  
Common Component ◽  
Strait Of Georgia ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Juan De Fuca

Egregia menziesii (Turner) Areschoug is a common component of the algal flora along the west coast of Vancouver Island, Queen Charlotte Strait, and the Strait of Juan de Fuca but is absent from the Strait of Georgia in British Columbia, Canada. This distribution pattern was found to be correlated with temperature and salinity in that E. menziesii is not present in areas where there are seasonal periods of low salinity and high temperature. To test this correlation, field transplants of sporophytes and laboratory experiments with sporophytes and culture work were carried out. The results suggest that the distribution of E. menziesii is limited by specific combinations of salinity and temperature; it requires high salinities and temperatures less than 15 °C for its survival.

A Statistical Examination of Anisakis Larvae (Nematoda) in Herring (Clupea pallasi) of the British Columbia Coast

1955 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne M. M. Bishop ◽  
Leo Margolis
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
First Year ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
The West ◽  
Strait Of Georgia ◽  
Clupea Pallasi ◽  
First Year Of Life

The presence of larval Anisakis in British Columbia herring was examined during the winter fisheries of 1950–51 and 1951–52. In the commercial catches in the Strait of Georgia the incidence was found to be between 80 and 90%. In Hecate Strait, on the west coast of Vancouver Island and in the mainland coastal area of Queen Charlotte Sound it was between 90 and 100%. The intensity of infection varied greatly in different fishing areas (i.e. in different herring populations). Generally, the maximum level of infection occurred in the Queen Charlotte Sound coastal regions, and decreased both north and south of this area. Fish on the west coast of Vancouver Island were more heavily infected than those on the east coast (Strait of Georgia). The level of infection increased with age, I-year fish (i.e. fish in their first year of life) being uninfected. The intensity of infection remained constant throughout the winter for any particular age and area and was the same for both sexes. In most areas the level of infection was a little lower in 1951–52 than in 1950–51.

Late Pleistocene history and geomorphology, southwestern Vancouver Island, British Columbia

1979 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1645-1657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neville F. Alley ◽  
Steven C. Chatwin
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Glacial Lakes ◽  
Small Lakes ◽  
Strait Of Georgia ◽  
Coast Mountains ◽  
Juan De Fuca ◽  
Juan De Fuca Strait

The major Pleistocene deposits and landforms on southwestern Vancouver Island are the result of the Late Wisconsin (Fraser) Glaciation. Cordilleran glaciers formed in the Vancouver Island Mountains and in the Coast Mountains had advanced down Strait of Georgia to southeastern Vancouver Island after 19 000 years BP. The ice split into the Puget and Juan de Fuca lobes, the latter damming small lakes along the southwestern coastal slope of the island. During the maximum of the glaciation (Vashon Stade), southern Vancouver Island lay completely under the cover of an ice-sheet which flowed in a south-southwesterly direction across Juan de Fuca Strait, eventually terminating on the edge of the continental shelf. Deglaciation was by downwasting during which ice thinned into major valleys and the strait. Most upland areas were free of ice down to an elevation of 400 m by before 13 000 years BP. A possible glacier standstill and (or) resurgence occurred along Juan de Fuca Strait and in some interior upland valleys before deglaciation was complete. Glacial lakes occupied major valleys during later stages of deglaciation.

Metamorphism and deformation of the Grand Forks complex: implications for the exhumation history of the Shuswap core complex, southern British Columbia

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 1329-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel F. Cubley ◽  
David R.M. Pattison
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Granulite Facies ◽  
Greenschist Facies ◽  
Contact Metamorphism ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Core Complex ◽  
The West ◽  
Grand Forks ◽  
Exhumation History

The Grand Forks complex (GFC) is an elongate, north–south-trending metamorphic core complex in the Shuswap domain of southeastern British Columbia. It comprises predominantly upper-amphibolite- to granulite-facies paragneisses, schists, orthogneisses, amphibolites, and calc-silicates of the Paleoproterozoic to Paleozoic Grand Forks Group. The GFC is juxtaposed against low-grade rocks of the Quesnel terrane across two bounding Eocene normal faults: the Kettle River fault (KRF) on the east flank and the Granby fault (GF) on the west flank. Peak metamorphic Sil + Kfs ± Grt ± Crd (Sil, sillimanite; Kfs, potassium feldspar; Grt, garnet; Crd, cordierite) assemblages in paragneiss and Hbl ± Opx ± Cpx (Hbl, hornblende; Opx, orthopyroxene; Cpx, clinopyroxene) assemblages in amphibolite in the GFC formed at 750 ± 25 °C, 5.6 ± 0.5 kbar (1 kbar = 100 MPa; 20 ± 2 km depth). Stratigraphically overlying Sil + St-bearing pelitic schists (St, staurolite) within the complex record peak conditions of 600 ± 15 °C, 5.5 ± 0.25 kbar. Crd + Ilm + Spl (Crd, cordierite; Ilm, ilmenite; Spl, spinel) and Crd + Qtz (Qtz, quartz) coronal textures in paragneiss, and Cpx + Opx + Pl + Mt (Pl, plagioclase; Mt, magnetite) symplectites in amphibolite, formed at 735 ± 20 °C, 3.3 ± 0.5 kbar, indicating high-temperature, near-isothermal decompression of the GFC of ∼2.3 ± 0.7 kbar (∼8.2 ± 2.5 km) from peak conditions. Transitional greenschist–amphibolite metamorphic assemblages in the hanging wall of the KRF indicate conditions of ∼425 ± 25 °C and 2.2 ± 0.6 kbar (∼8 ± 2 km depth), with local contact metamorphism around Jurassic intrusions as high as 630–650 °C at ∼2.5 ± 0.5 kbar. The pressure contrast across the Kettle River fault prior to greenschist facies displacement was ∼0.8 ± 0.7 kbar, for a vertical offset of ∼2.9 ± 2.5 km. This is similar to estimates for the Granby fault on the west flank of the GFC. The GFC therefore experienced a two-stage exhumation history: early high-temperature decompression at upper-amphibolite- to granulite-facies conditions, followed by low-temperature exhumation at greenschist-facies conditions owing to movement on the Eocene Granby and Kettle River faults.

Cretaceous fossil birds from Hornby Island (British Columbia)

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 2097-2101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Morrison ◽  
Gareth J Dyke ◽  
Luis M Chiappe
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Fossil Birds ◽  
The West ◽  
Strait Of Georgia ◽  
Fossil Bird

We present the first records of Mesozoic fossil birds to be described from British Columbia. New fossil avians from the Campanian Northumberland Formation on Hornby Island (Strait of Georgia) add to the known distributions of two groups of fossil birds during the latter stage of the Mesozoic. New specimens referred to the clades Ornithurae and Enantiornithes demonstrate the presence of a diverse marine avifauna in Canadian Pacific marine sediments prior to the Cretaceous–Tertiary (K–T) boundary. These new fossil bird remains from coastal rocks on the west coast of British Columbia lend further support to suggestions that ocean-going birds were important constituents of marine ecosystems in the terminal stages of the Mesozoic.

Temporal and Spatial Distribution of the Harmful Diatoms Chaetoceros concavicornis and Chaetoceros convolutus along the British Columbia Coast

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 1924-1931 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Albright ◽  
S. Johnson ◽  
A. Yousif
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Phytoplankton Assemblage ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽  
Strait Of Georgia ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Coastal Seawater ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

The harmful phytoplankters Chaetoceros concavicornis and Chaetoceros convolutus are normal components of the phytoplankton assemblage along the British Columbia coast. During 1988, these diatoms occurred at their highest concentrations in the spring and fall from the Strait of Georgia to Queen Charlotte Strait. North of Queen Charlotte Strait, the maximal concentrations appeared to be delayed until summer. The greatest concentrations occurred in the waters of the Strait of Georgia and its contiguous bays and inlets, especially Jervis Inlet, where concentrations of C. concavicornis and C. convolutus which could be harmful to salmon occurred during the spring and fall of 1988. Lesser concentrations occurred in coastal seawaters north of the Strait of Georgia. These phytoplankters were absent, or were present in only minor concentrations, in inlets with low-salinity waters such as Holberg Inlet and Indian Arm. Harmful Chaetoceros cells were restricted to seawaters greater than approximately 17‰ salinity. Vertically and horizontally well-mixed waters, such as those of Johnstone Strait, also appeared to restrict the presence of these cells. The greatest concentrations of these diatoms occurred during the spring and fall in relatively stratified coastal seawater with salinities between 26 and 34‰.

Anomalous Occurrence of Carp (Cyprinus carpio) in the Marine Environment

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 1345-1347 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Barraclough ◽  
D. G. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Strait Of Georgia ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio

Juvenile carp (Cyprinus carpio) were caught with a surface trawl in low salinity surface waters of the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia, during July 1967. A natural environmental route is established for the possible movement of carp from the Fraser River estuary to watersheds on Vancouver Island.

The marine algae of British Columbia, northern Washington, and southeast Alaska: division Rhodophyta (red algae), class Rhodophyceae, order Gelidiales

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 3295-3314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn E. Renfrew ◽  
Paul W. Gabrielson ◽  
Robert F. Scagel
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Algal Flora ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
Strait Of Georgia ◽  
Northeast Pacific ◽  
Red Algal ◽  
Marine Algal ◽  
First Time

The red algal order Gelidiales is represented in the benthic marine algal flora of British Columbia, northern Washington, and southeast Alaska by two genera, Gelidium Lamouroux and Pterocladia J. Agardh. Three species of Gelidium are present, G. coulteri Harvey, G. purpurascens Gardner, and G. vagum Okamura, and one species of Pterocladia, P. caloglossoides (Howe) Dawson. For each species we provide a description of its habit and life history, vegetative and reproductive morphology, and habitat and seasonality. Distributions and representative specimens examined are given. Keys are provided to genera and species where appropriate. Habits, and salient vegetative and reproductive features useful in identifying each species, are illustrated. Gelidium vagum is reported for the first time in the northeast Pacific and appears to have been introduced to the flora from Japan in recent historical time. Its distribution is limited to two islands in the Strait of Georgia. Gelidium purpurascens and Pterocladia caloglossoides are distributed throughout British Columbia and northern Washington, and their ranges are extended north to southeast Alaska. Earlier reports of G. amansii (Lamouroux) Lamouroux, G. crinale (Turner) Lamouroux, G. pusillum (Stackhouse) Le Jolis, G. robustum (Gardner) Hollenberg et Abbott, and G. sinicola Gardner from British Columbia and northern Washington are shown to have been based upon misidentifications of other taxa, and these species are excluded from the flora.

A seismic refraction and gravity study of the earth's crust in British Columbia

1965 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. H. White ◽  
J. C. Savage
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Intermediate Layer ◽  
Seismic Refraction ◽  
East Side ◽  
The West ◽  
Strait Of Georgia ◽  
Large Explosion ◽  
Upper Boundary

Abstract Explosion refraction studies have been carried out in areas adjacent to Vancouver Island, including the Strait of Georgia and Johnstone Strait and along the west coast of the Island. A refraction line has also been observed from a large explosion in Seymour Narrows, eastward through the mountains and for some distance across the plains of Alberta. Although the surficial strata complicate the interpretation, a series of short refraction profiles consistently reveal the presence of an intermediate layer with velocity of about 6.8 km/sec. in the coastal area. The depth to the upper boundary of this layer varies from about 11 km. along the west coast of the Island to less than 5 km. in the Strait of Georgia and along the east side of the Island. The longer range observations parallel to the coast indicate this layer to be more than 40 km. thick. On the profile eastward through the mountains a velocity of 7.8 km/sec. has been found for Pn, from an unreversed profile, with a crustal thickness of approximately 30 km.

STRUCTURE, STRATIGRAPHY, AND PALEONTOLOGY OF AN UPPER TRIASSIC SECTION ON THE WEST COAST OF BRITISH COLUMBIA

1965 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 442-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Carlisle ◽  
Takeo Susuki
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Pillow Lava ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Upper Triassic ◽  
Coast Range ◽  
Thermal Alteration ◽  
The West ◽  
Coastal British Columbia ◽  
Sedimentary Unit

The highly deformed section at Open Bay is one of the few good exposures of a thick sedimentary unit within the prebatholithic rocks along coastal British Columbia. It provides new structural information relating to emplacement of a part of the Coast Range batholith and it contains an important Upper Triassic fauna unusually well represented. Structural and paleontological analyses are mutually supporting and are purposely combined in one paper.Thirteen ammonite genera from 14 localities clearly substantiate McLearn's tentative assignment to the Tropites subbullatus zone (Upper Karnian) and suggest a restriction to the T. dilleri subzone as defined in northern California.Contrary to an earlier view, the beds are lithologically similar across the whole bay except for variations in the intensity of deformation and thermal alteration. Their contact with slightly older relatively undeformed flows is apparently a zone of dislocation. Stratigraphic thicknesses cannot be measured with confidence, and subdivision into "Marble Bay Formation" and "Open Bay Group" cannot be accepted. Open Bay Formation is redefined to include all the folded marble and interbedded pillow lava at Open Bay. Lithologic and biostratigraphic correlation is suggested with the lower middle part of the Quatsino Formation on Iron River, 24 miles to the southwest. Basalt flows and pillowed volcanics west of Open Bay are correlated with the Texada Formation within the Karmutsen Group.The predominant folding is shown to precede, accompany, and follow intrusion of numerous andesitic pods and to precede emplacement of quartz diorite of the batholith. Structural asymmetry is shown to have originated through gentle cross-folding and emplacement of minor intrusives during deformation.

Factors influencing the Control of Cotton-Stainers (Dysdercus spp.)

1924 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Withycombe
Keyword(s):  
West Indies ◽  
The West ◽  
Cotton Lint ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Cotton Stainers

Cotton-stainers, Dysdercus spp., are most important factors affecting the growing of cotton in the West Indies and elsewhere, on account of the fact that they convey certain bacteria and the spores of various internal boll fungi which cause staining and rotting of the cotton lint.

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