Xylem ethylene, phenol-oxidizing enzymes, and nitrogen and heartwood formation in walnut and cherry

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 626-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil D. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Cambial Activity ◽  
Boundary Region ◽  
Heartwood Formation ◽  
Dormant Period

In black walnut sapwood, ethylene production, in vitro, near the heartwood boundary peaks early in the dormant period and is low while the cambium is active. In black cherry, ethylene production in the heartwood–sapwood transition zone peaks during the middle to the late growing season and is greater than in the middle and the outer sapwood during early dormancy. In walnut, in vitro peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) activity near the heartwood boundary peaks during the late growing season to the early dormant period and is greater than in the adjacent sapwood regions. In both species, ethylene production correlates with peroxidase activity. In vivo tyrosinase (EC 1.10.3.1) and peroxidase activities are relatively high near the heartwood boundary during dormancy. Laccase (EC 1.10.3.2) is absent from the heartwood boundary region. Total nitrogen levels reach a minimum during the dormant period. General phenological biochemical trends suggest that in both species dormancy is a time of major heartwood formation. Heartwood formation in walnut apparently is minimal when cambial activity is greatest. Walnut phenotypes that differ in heartwood-formation class, a measure related to sapwood–heartwood ratio, also differ in sapwood peroxidase activity. In cherry sapwood, ethylene production and total nitrogen are related to heartwood formation class.

Inhibition of oral peroxidase activity by cigarette smoke: in vivo and in vitro studies

2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Z Reznick ◽  
Ifat Klein ◽  
Jason P Eiserich ◽  
Carroll E Cross ◽  
Rafael M Nagler
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
In Vitro Studies

Tie2 Activation Promotes Protection and Reconstitution of the Endothelial Glycocalyx in Human Sepsis

2019 ◽  
Vol 119 (11) ◽  
pp. 1827-1838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Christina Drost ◽  
Alexandros Rovas ◽  
Kristina Kusche-Vihrog ◽  
Paul Van Slyke ◽  
Harold Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heparan Sulfate ◽  
Boundary Region ◽  
Endothelial Glycocalyx ◽  
Human Sepsis ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Control Serum ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Angiopoietin 2

AbstractThe endothelial glycocalyx (eGC), a carbohydrate-rich layer lining the luminal surface of the endothelium, provides a first vasoprotective barrier against vascular leakage in sepsis. We hypothesized that angiopoietin-2 (Angpt-2), antagonist of the endothelium-stabilizing receptor Tie2, induces a rapid loss of the eGC in human sepsis. Using intravital microscopy, we measured the perfused boundary region (PBR), an inverse parameter of eGC dimensions in sublingual microvessels, in patients with sepsis and age-matched nonseptic subjects. Median PBR values were significantly higher in patients compared with controls and correlated with serum Angpt-2 levels. To transfer and further explore these findings in a cell culture system, we exposed endothelial cells (ECs) to serum (5%) from a subgroup of septic patients and nonseptic controls. Confocal and atomic force microscopy revealed that sepsis serum, but not control serum, induced thinning of the eGC on human ECs in vitro, which correlated with paired PBR values obtained in vivo (r = 0.96, p < 0.01). Inhibition of Angpt-2 or Tie2 activation completely abolished eGC damage. Mechanistically, sepsis-induced eGC breakdown required the loss of its main constituent heparan sulfate; a result of heparan sulfate-specific enzyme heparanase, which was suppressed by Tie2 activation. Finally, Tie2 activation, but not Angpt-2 inhibition, initiated after septic or enzymatic damage provoked rapid refurbishment of the eGC. Our data indicate that eGC breakdown in human sepsis is mediated via Tie2 deactivation by Angpt-2. Activation of Tie2 seems to accelerate recovery of the eGC and might hold promise as a therapeutic target in human sepsis.

scholarly journals Phenotype study of fresh and cultured hairy cells with the use of immunologic markers and electron microscopy

Blood ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 547-552
Author(s):  
M Divine ◽  
JP Farcet ◽  
MF Gourdin ◽  
A Tabilio ◽  
A Vasconcelos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Leukemic Cells ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Surface Immunoglobulin ◽  
Immunologic Markers ◽  
Hairy Cells

The phenotype of fresh and cultured leukemic cells from patients with hairy cell leukemia was studied using a panel of monoclonal antibodies in addition to the detection of peroxidase activity under electron microscopy. In fresh samples, the leukemic cells from 11 patients displayed predominantly a B phenotype, as judged by their reactivity with the B1 monoclonal antibody and surface immunoglobulin expression. Ultrastructural peroxidase activity, characteristic of hairy cells, was observed in all cases studied. When hairy cells were cultured in the presence of phytohemagglutinin and irradiated T cells, their phenotype converted from surface Ig+, B1+, OKT3-, OKT11- to surface Ig-, B1+, OKT3-, OKT11+. In contrast, the peroxidase activity remained unchanged. Some hairy cells were also OKM1+, but no conclusion could be made about the MO2 antigen, a more specific marker of monocytes. The variability of the phenotype in vivo and in vitro indicates that reliable markers are required for identifying hairy cells. When studied together, the staining by B1 monoclonal antibody and the ultrastructural detection of peroxidase, enable the identification of hairy cells with certainty.

scholarly journals Light Intensity Alters the Behavior of Monilinia spp. in vitro and the Disease Development on Stone Fruit-Pathogen Interaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Balsells-Llauradó ◽  
Rosario Torres ◽  
Núria Vall-llaura ◽  
Carla Casals ◽  
Neus Teixidó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Fruit Bagging

The development of brown rot caused by the necrotrophic fungi Monilinia spp. in stone fruit under field and postharvest conditions depends, among others, on environmental factors. The effect of temperature and humidity are well studied but there is little information on the role of light in disease development. Herein, we studied the effect of two lighting treatments and a control condition (darkness) on: (i) several growth parameters of two Monilinia spp. (M. laxa and M. fructicola) grown in vitro and (ii) the light effect in their capacity to rot the fruit (nectarines) when exposed to the different lighting treatments. We also assessed the effect of such abiotic factors in the development of the disease on inoculated nectarines during postharvest storage. Evaluations also included testing the effect of fruit bagging on disease development as well as on ethylene production. Under in vitro conditions, lighting treatments altered colony morphology and conidiation of M. laxa but this effect was less acute in M. fructicola. Such light-induced changes under in vitro development also altered the capacity of M. laxa and M. fructicola to infect nectarines, with M. laxa becoming less virulent. The performance of Monilinia spp. exposed to treatments was also determined in vivo by inoculating four bagged or unbagged nectarine cultivars, indicating an impaired disease progression. Incidence and lesion diameter of fruit exposed to the different lighting treatments during postharvest showed that the effect of the light was intrinsic to the nectarine cultivar but also Monilinia spp. dependent. While lighting treatments reduced M. laxa incidence, they enhanced M. fructicola development. Preharvest conditions such as fruit bagging also impaired the ethylene production of inoculated fruit, which was mainly altered by M. laxa and M. fructicola, while the bag and light effects were meaningless. Thus, we provide several indications of how lighting treatments significantly alter Monilinia spp. behavior both in vitro and during the interaction with stone fruit. This study highlights the importance of modulating the lighting environment as a potential strategy to minimize brown rot development on stone fruit and to extent the shelf-life period of fruit in postharvest, market, and consumer’s house.

scholarly journals Carbon Dioxide and Temperature Influence Pollen Germination and Fruit Set in Cocoa

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1038-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhu Aneja ◽  
Thomas Gianfagna ◽  
Edward Ng ◽  
Ignacio Badilla
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Final Concentration ◽  
Temperature Influence ◽  
Hand Pollination

The causes of poor fruit set of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) in the greenhouse were studied by examining factors that may influence pollen germination. Hand pollination of cocoa flowers resulted in 45.8% fruit set when flowers were pollinated within 3 hours of anthesis. Pollen germination did not occur until about 6 hours after pollination. Later pollinations (7 to 9 hours after anthesis) or earlier pollinations (16 to 18 hours before anthesis) did not lead to fruit set. Cocoa pollen did not germinate in vitro unless the excised flowers were incubated for 6 hours at 25C in closed vials. During the incubation period, CO2accumulated to a final concentration of about 85 ml·liter-1 as a result of respiration. Ethylene production was not detectable. Incubation of flowers with a NaOH-saturated wick, to absorb CO2, prevented pollen germination in vitro. Incubation of flowers at 15C also prevented pollen germination in vitro at 25C. Hand pollination of flowers 7 to 9 hours after anthesis or 16 to 18 hours before anthesis using CO2-incubated pollen resulted in about 10% fruit set. Enclosed pollinations in vivo, in which CO2 was allowed to accumulate, resulted in nearly 100% fruit set. The initial failure to set fruit from hand pollinations may result from poor or slow pollen germination. Moreover, CO,-incubated pollen might be used to increase fruit set in cocoa by extending the effective pollination period.

Biosafety and biocompatibility assessment of Prussian blue nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo

Nanomedicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (27) ◽  
pp. 2655-2670
Author(s):  
Zhou Wang ◽  
Ying Long ◽  
Jialong Fan ◽  
Chang Xiao ◽  
Chunyi Tong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Prussian Blue ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Positive Charge ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Prussian Blue Nanoparticles ◽  
In Vivo Analysis ◽  
Good Biocompatibility

Aim: To investigate the effects of the different morphological characteristics of Prussian blue nanoparticles (PB NPs) on their biocompatibility and biosafety. Materials & methods: PB NPs with different sizes, shapes and charges were synthesized and their biosafety and biocompatibility performance were systematically compared in vitro and in vivo. Results: Increased size and positive charge of PB NPs adversely affected cell viability, while improving their peroxidase activity and photothermal conversion efficiency. In vivo analysis demonstrated good biocompatibility of PB NPs, without retention in the organs, but increased size retarded their metabolism. Meanwhile, increased size and positive charge adversely affected hepatic and renal function. Conclusion: This comprehensive exploration of biosafety and biocompatibility provides strong evidences for the use of PB NPs as nanodrug carrier and/or imaging agent.

scholarly journals Phenotype study of fresh and cultured hairy cells with the use of immunologic markers and electron microscopy

Blood ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 547-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Divine ◽  
JP Farcet ◽  
MF Gourdin ◽  
A Tabilio ◽  
A Vasconcelos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Leukemic Cells ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Surface Immunoglobulin ◽  
Immunologic Markers ◽  
Hairy Cells

Abstract The phenotype of fresh and cultured leukemic cells from patients with hairy cell leukemia was studied using a panel of monoclonal antibodies in addition to the detection of peroxidase activity under electron microscopy. In fresh samples, the leukemic cells from 11 patients displayed predominantly a B phenotype, as judged by their reactivity with the B1 monoclonal antibody and surface immunoglobulin expression. Ultrastructural peroxidase activity, characteristic of hairy cells, was observed in all cases studied. When hairy cells were cultured in the presence of phytohemagglutinin and irradiated T cells, their phenotype converted from surface Ig+, B1+, OKT3-, OKT11- to surface Ig-, B1+, OKT3-, OKT11+. In contrast, the peroxidase activity remained unchanged. Some hairy cells were also OKM1+, but no conclusion could be made about the MO2 antigen, a more specific marker of monocytes. The variability of the phenotype in vivo and in vitro indicates that reliable markers are required for identifying hairy cells. When studied together, the staining by B1 monoclonal antibody and the ultrastructural detection of peroxidase, enable the identification of hairy cells with certainty.

scholarly journals Activity of indolyl-3-acetic acid oxidase and peroxidase in roots of carrot infested with Meloidogyne hapla Chiuu.

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-117
Author(s):  
Krystyna M. Janas
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Acid Oxidase ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Secondary Phloem ◽  
Iaa Oxidase ◽  
Kinetics Of

IAA-oxidase and peroxidase activity was measured in storage and side roots of healthy and <i>M. hapla</i> infested carrots of two sultivars. Cultivar 'Perfekcja' is sensitive whereas cv. 'Slendero' is tolerant to the northern root-knot ne-matode. 3-, 4-, and 5-month-old plants were subjected to analyses. In <i>M. hapla</i> infested plants of both cultivars IAA-oxidase inhibitors accumulated. Kinetics of IAA oxidation <i>in vivo</i> were the same in healthy and infested plants. IAA-oxidase activity <i>in vitro</i> was inhibited in crude extracts of the infested tissues, the inhibition being prevented by PVP. Peroxidase activity increased in secondary phloem and decreased in galled side roots of both cultivars when compared with healthy controls. In galled side roots of the youngest 3-month-old plants peroxidase activity was not decreased. IAA-oxidase inhibitors accumulated in the infested roots.It is concluded that <i>M. hapla</i> has no direct effect on IAA-oxidase. Degree of tolerance to nematodes is correlated with the ratio of IAA-oxidase inhibitors to IAA-oxidase rather than with the absolute activity of IAA-oxidase.

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