Environmental control of lateral bud growth in the sunflower (Helianthus annuus)

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (21) ◽  
pp. 2673-2678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon I. McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
Nutrient Competition ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Lateral Bud ◽  
Bud Growth ◽  
Lateral Branches

A study of environmental effects on lateral bud growth in the sunflower, Helianthus annuus, showed that the provision of a high relative humidity (90 ± 5%) in conjunction with a high light intensity (about 30 000 lx) and an abundant N supply (420 ppm) permitted the buds at the basal nodes to escape from apical dominance and to develop as lateral branches. A reduction in any one of these three factors was sufficient to prevent the release of the buds from inhibition. The marked effect of humidity on bud growth suggested that the degree of water stress is the factor most likely to limit the growth of the lateral buds under field conditions. The mode of action of water stress and the N supply is discussed in relation to the genetic control of bud activity and to the role of nutrient competition in the mechanism of apical dominance.

Environmental control of apical dominance in Phaseolus vulgaris

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon I. McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Bud Growth

When seedlings of Phaseolus vulgaris were grown under controlled conditions at a light intensity of 3200 ft-c, 60% relative humidity, and at nitrogen levels of 5.25, 52.5, and 210 ppm, growth of the buds at the cotyledonary node, which served as a measure of apical dominance, showed a positive correlation with the nitrogen supply and with the soluble nitrogen content of the hypocotyl. Increasing the nitrogen supply to 420 ppm caused a proportionate increase in soluble nitrogen content but no additional bud growth response. That the growth response was limited by water supply was shown by growing plants at 420 ppm nitrogen and relative humidities of 30, 60, and 90%. Each reduction in water stress, as measured by leaf relative turgidity, caused a highly significant increase in growth of the cotyledonary buds. Under high nitrogen, low water stress conditions, bud growth was markedly inhibited by reduction of the light intensity from 3200 to 700 ft-c.These results support the concept of nutrient competition as a major factor in the mechanism of apical dominance and also suggest that conflicting reports on the effect of externally applied growth-regulating substances on lateral bud inhibition may be due partly to environmentally induced differences in nutritional status of the experimental plants.

Isolation and identification of lateral bud growth inhibitor, indole-3-aldehyde, involved in apical dominance of pea seedlings

2002 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 863-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eri Nakajima ◽  
Hiroshi Nakano ◽  
Kosumi Yamada ◽  
Hideyuki Shigemori ◽  
Koji Hasegawa
Keyword(s):  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Pea Seedlings ◽  
Lateral Bud ◽  
Bud Growth

Studies on the growth and development of Agropyron repens: interacting effects of humidity, calcium, and nitrogen on growth of the rhizome apex and lateral buds

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 1427-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon I. McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Apical Growth ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Low Humidity ◽  
Bud Growth ◽  
Agropyron Repens

A previous investigation of apical dominance in the rhizome of Agropyron repens showed that keeping the rhizome in a high humidity promoted the outgrowth of the lateral buds but strongly inhibited the growth of the rhizome apex. A study of these related responses demonstrated that the inhibition of apical growth was not prevented by excision of the lateral buds and was also induced when only the apex of the rhizome received the high humidity treatment. The necrotic lesions that developed in the arrested apices and the reduction of apical inhibition produced by various Ca treatments indicated that the inhibition of apical growth was caused by Ca deficiency. When the rhizome apex was exposed to low humidity, a localized high-humidity treatment of the lateral buds did not release the buds from apical dominance in low-N rhizomes but strongly promoted bud growth at a higher N level. When growth of the buds was induced at low humidity by increasing the N supply, the increase in bud weight was preceded by an increase in the water content of the bud when expressed on a dry weight basis. These results agree with those of previous investigations and suggest that the interacting effects of N and humidity on the water status of the buds may play a significant role in the mechanism of apical dominance.

scholarly journals Apical Dominance in Apple (Malus domestica Borkh): The Possible Role of Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA)

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 1215-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiow Y. Wang ◽  
Miklos Faust ◽  
Michael J. Line
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Proton Density ◽  
Membrane Lipid Composition ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Lateral Bud ◽  
Bud Growth

The effect of IAA on apical dominance in apple buds was examined in relation to changes in proton density (free water) and membrane lipid composition in lateral buds. Decapitation induced budbreak and enhanced lateral bud growth. IAA replaced apical control of lateral buds and maintained paradormancy. Maximal inhibition was obtained when IAA was applied immediately after the apical bud was removed; delaying application reduced the effect of IAA. An increase in proton density in lateral buds was observed 2 days after decapitation, whereas the change in membrane lipid composition occurred 4 days later. Removing the terminal bud increased membrane galacto- and phospholipids and the ratio of unsaturated to corresponding saturated fatty acids. Decapitation also decreased the ratio of free sterols to phospholipids in lateral buds. Applying thidiazuron to lateral buds of decapitated shoots enhanced these effects, whereas applying IAA to the terminal end of decapitated shoots inhibited the increase of proton density and prevented changes in membrane lipid composition in lateral buds. These results suggest that change in water movement alters membrane lipid composition and then induces lateral bud growth. IAA, presumably produced by the terminal bud, restricts the movement of water to lateral buds and inhibits their growth in apple.

scholarly journals Genetics of Apical Dominance in Plantain (Musa spp., AAB Group) and Improvement of Suckering Behavior

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (5) ◽  
pp. 1050-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodomiro Ortiz ◽  
Dirk R. Vuylsteke
Keyword(s):  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Incomplete Penetrance ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Ratoon Crop ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Lateral Bud ◽  
Bud Growth

Apical dominance, i.e., the inhibition of lateral bud growth due to growth substances released by the terminal bud, has been considered as a limiting factor for the perennial productivity of plantains (Musa spp., AAB group). Segregation ratios in F1 and F2 plantain-banana hybrids suggest that inheritance of apical dominance is controlled by a major recessive gene, ad. The dominant Ad allele improved the suckering of plantain-banana hybrids, as measured by the height of the tallest sucker at flowering and harvest. At harvest, the ratoon crop of the diploid and tetraploid hybrids had completed 70% to 100% of its vegetative development, whereas the ratoon of the plantain parents, due to high apical dominance, was only at 50% of total pseudostem growth. Sucker growth rates are generally the result of gibberellic acid (GA3) levels, and it is suggested that the Ad gene regulates GA3 production. However, the Ad gene has incomplete penetrance, genetic specificity, and variable expressivity. Increased frequency of the Ad gene and a commensurate improvement in the suckering behavior of the diploid populations may be achieved by phenotypic recurrent selection.

Penicillin inhibition of release of lateral buds of gram (Cicer arietinum) seedlings from apical dominance

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 2391-2393
Author(s):  
Monidipa Sen ◽  
Subires Bhattacharya ◽  
S. Mukherji
Keyword(s):  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Maleic Hydrazide ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Auxin Action ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Lateral Bud ◽  
Bud Growth

The effect of penicillin on apical dominance was investigated in gram (Cicer arietinum L.) seedlings. Application of penicillin to the decapitated stump was found to reestablish apical dominance in preventing the growth of lateral buds. Penicillin was seen to mimic auxin action in this system. Penicillin inhibition of lateral bud growth was relieved by the simultaneous application of antiauxins like 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid and maleic hydrazide. An increase in auxin-synthesizing capacity of the treated tissue has been suggested as the possible mode of action of penicillin in the regulation of lateral bud growth.

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo water stress in sunflower, Helianthus annuus L

Helia ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 27 (40) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Turhan ◽  
I. Baser
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L
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