Temperature relations of gas exchange in altitudinal populations of Taraxacum officinale

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (19) ◽  
pp. 2496-2502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Kemp ◽  
George J. Williams III ◽  
David S. May
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Taraxacum Officinale ◽  
Verbascum Thapsus ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Hill Activity ◽  
Population Origin ◽  
Weedy Species ◽  
Temperature Responses

Taraxacum officinale plants representative of three altitudinally diverse populations were grown under uniform conditions. Temperature responses of net photosynthesis, photorespiration, and transpiration were obtained from four plants of each population over the range of 10 to 40 °C at saturating irradiances(1000 μE ∙ m−2 ∙ s−1). Dark respiration rates were obtained from the same plants over the range of 10 to 30 °C. All plants exhibited similar gas exchange responses to temperature regardless of population origin. Maximum rates of net photosynthesis occurred near 20 °C in all plants and averaged 20.8 mg CO2 ∙ dm−2 ∙ h−1 (mean of 12 plants). Dark respiration and photorespiration rates increased nearly linearly with temperature in all plants. These results are in contrast with previous studies of the same populations in which differences in Hill activity and succinate dehydrogenase activity were reported. However, the photosynthetic patterns and lack of genetic differentiation of photosynthesis are similar to the results obtained for another weedy species, Verbascum thapsus, along the same altitudinal transect.

Response of Gas Exchange in Jointed Goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica) to Environmental Conditions

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Gealy
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Soil Matric Potential ◽  
Dark Respiration Rate ◽  
Matric Potential ◽  
Aegilops Cylindrica ◽  
Jointed Goatgrass

Gas exchange of jointed goatgrass leaves was affected by temperature, irradiance level, and soil matric potential. Net photosynthesis of leaves under saturating irradiance (PPFD3= 1850 (μE·m–2·s−1) was optimum at about 20 C. At 25 C, net photosynthesis was nearly 90% of maximum at a PPFD of 800 μE·m–2·−1. Transpiration, and presumably water use, increased steadily with temperature from 10 to 40 C. Dark respiration rate and compensation points for light and for CO2increased exponentially, or nearly so, from 10 to 40 C. Soil moisture deficits of −130 kPa reduced net photosynthesis and transpiration by about 30 and 55%, respectively, compared to well-watered plants.

scholarly journals GAS EXCHANGE CHARACTERISTICS OF FIELD-GROWN `SHAWNEE' BLACKBERRY

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 687G-688
Author(s):  
Curt R. Rom ◽  
John R. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Quadratic Function ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Leaf Chamber ◽  
Portable System ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Gas Exchange Characteristics ◽  
Chamber Gas

Gas exchange (assimilation, transpiration, water use efficiency, and conductance) of `Shawnee' blackberry were measured under field conditions with a portable system (ADC-IRGA with Parkinson Leaf Chamber). Gas exchange primocane pentifoliate leaflets were similar. Gas exchange rates of leaves along a cane exhibited a quadratic function of leaf position with leaves in lower-mid sections (relative position 0.3 - 0.5) having higher A, TR, WUE, gs than either basal or apical leaves. Leaves subtending fruiting laterals on fruiticanes had higher assimilation than similar age leaves on primocanes but did not differ in Tr, WUE, or gs. Primocanes had estimated dark respiration rates of 0.33mg·dm-1.hr-1, estimated light compensation at 14-20 mol.m-2.s-1, estimated light saturation at 1000-1100 mol.m-2.s-1 with maximum A rates ranging from 24-30 mg CO2.dm-1.hr-1. Measurements were made at field temperatures ranging from 24-35 C. Although temperature response was not measured, correlation indicated that Tr, WUE, and gs were more closely related to temperature than A. Similarly, Tr and WUE were more closely related to gs than A (r = 0.6 to 0.8).

scholarly journals Altitudinal changes in temperature responses of net photosynthesis and dark respiration in tropical bryophytes

2012 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Wagner ◽  
Gerhard Zotz ◽  
Noris Salazar Allen ◽  
Maaike Y. Bader
Keyword(s):  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Temperature Responses

Photosynthetic response to growth temperature and CO2 enrichment in two species of C4 grasses

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Potvin ◽  
Boyd R. Strain
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
C4 Grasses ◽  
Eleusine Indica ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Acclimation Potential ◽  
Photosynthesis And Respiration

Plants of Echinochloa crus-galli from Québec, North Carolina, and Mississippi and of Eleusine indica from Mississippi were grown under three thermoperiods (28:22, 24:18, 21:15 °C) and two atmospheric CO2 concentrations (350 and 675 μL ∙ L−1). CO2 enrichment induced an increase in net photosynthesis and in dark respiration for all populations. Neither conductance, transpiration, nor the transpiration/photosynthesis ratio were affected by CO2 enrichment. Plants showed higher photosynthetic and dark respiration rates when grown in warm regimes. Stomatal conductance did not vary with growth temperature. Cool-adapted plants from Québec maintained the overall highest net photosynthesis and respiration. Plants originating from warm areas had a weaker acclimation potential to low temperature than those from cool environments.

scholarly journals Canopy Position Affects Light Response Curves for Gas Exchange Characteristics of Apple Spur Leaves

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Campbell ◽  
Richard P. Marini ◽  
Jeffrey B. Birch
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Light Response Curves ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Canopy Position ◽  
Gas Exchange Characteristics

Light response curves for gas exchange characteristics were developed for spur leaves of `Stayman' and `Delicious' apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) from interior, intermediate, and exterior canopy positions throughout the season. At full bloom (FB), before full leaf expansion, exterior leaves had higher maximum rates of net photosynthesis (Pn), and a statistically different Pn light response curve than the interior leaves. Intermediate leaves had intermediate Pn rates and light response curves. Pn light response curves for all three `Delicious' canopy positions differed from each other from FB + 6 weeks until the end of the season. Interior leaves had maximum Pn rates of only 50% to 60% of those for the exterior leaves from FB + 10 weeks until the end of the season. Light saturation levels were higher for the exterior leaves than for interior or intermediate leaves. Exterior leaves had a tendency throughout the season for higher quantum efficiency of Pn at subsaturating light levels than interior or intermediate leaves. Stomatal conductance was higher for the exterior than the interior or intermediate leaves of `Delicious' on all dates. Water-use efficiency was equivalent among all leaves. Exterior leaves had higher specific leaf weight, dark respiration rates, and incident light levels on all dates than interior or intermediate leaves.

An Exploration of the Carbon Economy of the Tobacco Plant. III. Gas Exchange of Leaves in Relation to Position on the Stem, Ontogeny and Nitrogen Content

1974 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 551 ◽  
Author(s):  
HM Rawson ◽  
C Hackett
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Tobacco Plant ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Leaf Ontogeny ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
Carbon Economy

Tobacco plants were grown in sunlit, controlled-environment cabinets, and their growth and gas exchange were followed from shortly after emergence to 90 days from sowing. There were three major findings: 1. Summed over all leaves, dark respiration remained at 6-7% of net photosynthesis for a lengthy period (50-90 days from sowing), but in younger plants the fraction reached as high as 18%. 2. In the 12 leaves monitored from their emergence to full expansion, net photosynthesis (Pn) followed a similar time course, even though the first and last leaves in this group emerged nearly 40 days apart and there was a 100-fold difference in final area (Amax). For a sequence of nine of these leaves, the agreement was so close that their photosynthetic histories could be represented by a single relationship with developmental time. Peak Pn was consistently attained at about 37% Amax, when peak dA/dt occurred, and it was held for only 3-5 days. The subsequent decline reduced Pn to less than one-third of peak Pn at Amax. 3. Data for the nitrogen content (w/w) of the leaves after 37% Amax could be combined in a manner similar to that described for Pn. Pn, nitrogen content and leaf ontogeny were therefore directly related after peak Pn had been attained. The bearing of these findings on the study of photosynthesis in dicotyledonous species is discussed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Heat and Flood Tolerance among Diverse Taxa of Hollies (Ilex)

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 600d-600
Author(s):  
Thomas G. Ranney ◽  
John M. Ruter ◽  
Clifford D. Ruth
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Flood Tolerance ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Photosynthetic Rates ◽  
Temperature Responses ◽  
Temperature Optima

Temperature sensitivity of net photosynthesis (PSN), dark respiration, and chlorophyll fluorescence was evaluated among three taxa of hollies including I. aquifolium, I. cornuta, and I. rugosa. Variations in foliar heat tolerance among these species were expressed as differential temperature responses for PSN. Temperature optima for PSN was 22.0, 26.3 and 27.9 umol·m–2·s–1 for I. rugosa, I. cornuta, and I. aquifolium, respectively. Differences in temperature optima for PSN and thermotolerance of PSN appeared to result from a combination of stomatal and nonstomatal limitations. At 40°C, potential photosynthetic capacity, measured under saturating CO2, was 4.1, 9.4, and 14.8 μmol·m–2·s–1 for I. rugosa, I. aquifolium, and I. cornuta, respectively. Based on these results, I. rugosa was identified as the most heat-sensitive species followed by I. aquifolium then I. cornuta. Comparative tolerance to root-zone inundation was evaluated among 14 holly taxa. Following 8 weeks of flooding, four of the taxa: I. cornuta `Burfordii', I. × `Nellie R. Stevens', I. cassine, and I. × attenuata `Foster's #2' performed remarkably well during and after flooding with photosynthetic rates > 40% of the controls, root ratings >75% of the controls, <5% of the foliage showing deterioration, and 100% survival. Conversely, I. crenata `Convexa', Ilex × meserveae `Blue Princess', I. rugosa and I. aquifolium `Sparkler' did not tolerate flooding well as indicated by severely depressed photosynthetic rates, deterioration of foliage and roots, and decreased survival. The remaining taxa were intermediate.0

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON CARBON GAIN IN ALSTROEMERIA

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 649e-649
Author(s):  
E.D. Leonardos ◽  
M.J. Tsujita ◽  
B. Grodzinski ◽  
T.J. Blom
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Stomatal Resistance ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Leaf Transpiration ◽  
Whole Plant

Leaf and whole plant gas exchange (net photosynthesis Pn, dark respiration Dr, transpiration Tr, and resistance R) of `Jacqueline' Alstroemeria, grown in pots inside a greenhouse, were measured under lab conditions using an openflow and a semi-closed system respectively. Temperature responses of apical fully expanded leaves, on flowering and non-flowering shoots, showed an optimum range for net photosynthesis (Pn) from 15 to 20 °C. Above 25 °C Pn dropped considerably as temperature increased. Leaf transpiration rates over the same range of temperature showed a similar decrease, indicating that low leaf Pn rates at higher temperatures were due in part to increased stomatal resistance. Whole plant photosynthetic response to temperature was similar to that of leaf gas exchange. The optimum temperature range for whole plant Pn was from 12 to 17 °C. These results show that moderately low temperatures are essential for carbon assimilation and efficient water use in Alstroemeria. Temperature interactions with other environmental factors will also be presented in models describing Pn rates as a function of irradiance, CO2 concentration, and temperature.

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