Erratum: Effects of ambient ozone pretreatment on transpiration and susceptibility to ozone injury

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 1443-1443
Author(s):  
V. C. Runeckles ◽  
P. M. Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Ozone ◽  
Ozone Injury ◽  
Ozone Pretreatment

Effects of ambient ozone pretreatment on transpiration and susceptibility to ozone injury

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. C. Runeckles ◽  
P. M. Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Acute Injury ◽  
Relative Susceptibility ◽  
Ambient Ozone ◽  
Ozone Injury ◽  
Early Increase ◽  
Initial Decrease ◽  
Ozone Pretreatment ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Ozone Levels ◽  
Bean Leaves

The effects of daily pretreatment with low levels of ozone (0.02 μl litre−1) on the susceptibility of primary bean leaves to acute ozone injury involve several stages. Plants subjected daily to low ozone from the time of sowing exhibit an early resistance to acute injury which decreases with time. When the low ozone pretreatments begin about 10 days after sowing, there is no change in susceptibility for 2–3 days, then it increases to a level which remains constant. At the start of this period of greater susceptibility, such pretreated plants are more susceptible than controls in filtered air; after about 8 days, they are less susceptible because of the marked increase insusceptibility of the controls with time. In contrast, daily pretreatments with higher (0.05 μl litre−1) levels, beginning 8 days after sowing, cause an initial decrease in susceptibility followed by a marked increase, leading to predisposition to acute injury.The early increase in susceptibility of plants transferred from filtered air to 0.02 μl ozone litre−1appears to be the result of the decreased ability of stomates to close in response to high ozone levels. The later stage of decreased relative susceptibility is associated with a dampening of stomatal activity, which is independent of the presence of high ozone levels.

Pathological anatomy of needles of Pinus strobus exposed to carbon-filtered air or to three times ambient ozone concentrations, or infected by Canavirgella banfieldii

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 1331-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
N G Wenner ◽  
W Merrill
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Pathological Anatomy ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Ambient Ozone ◽  
Ozone Concentrations ◽  
Ozone Injury ◽  
Unknown Composition ◽  
Mature Size ◽  
Needle Blight

A necrosis of succulent, elongating, current-year needles of Pinus strobus in the northeastern United States, frequently attributed to "ozone damage," is not due to ozone. The pathological anatomy of affected needles differs from that described for ozone injury and is virtually identical to that described as "semimature-tissue needle blight." The syndrome on affected trees throughout the northeastern United States is consistently associated with the presence of the needlecast fungus, Canavirgella banfieldii. This fungus occurs in the mesophyll of both healthy appearing and dying tissues of such needles before these needles have elongated to half their mature size. The pathological anatomy of infected needles agrees with that described for needlecasts by other researchers, beginning with R. Hartig. In contrast, healthy clones of field-symptomatic and field-asymptomatic trees exposed in open-top chambers to carbon-filtered air and to air adjusted on an hourly basis to 3× ambient ozone concentrations incurred a distinctly different tip necrosis. These necrotic tissues were delimited by an intercellular gummy deposit of unknown composition that appeared to be a type of walling-out response. No hyphae were present in these needles. The pathological anatomy of such needles resembled neither that of the symptomatic parent trees in the field, nor that previously demonstrated in various conifers as due to ozone.Key words: Pinus strobus, Canavirgella banfieldii, needle blight, needlecast, ozone.

Foliar ozone injury and radial growth of ponderosa pine

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1877-1882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Temple ◽  
Paul R. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Foliar Injury ◽  
Needle Age ◽  
Ambient Ozone ◽  
Ozone Injury ◽  
Chlorotic Mottle ◽  
Stem Diameter Growth

Foliar injury symptoms and stem diameter growth were measured on well-watered and drought-stressed ponderosa pine (Pinusponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) seedlings at the end of each of 3 years of exposure to three levels of ozone: charcoal-filtered air, nonfiltered air, and nonfiltered air plus 1.5 times ambient ozone. Ozone-injury indices were constructed by adding percent chlorotic mottle and percent necrosis for each needle age-class. Percent necrosis was weighted from 1 to 5 times to construct different indices. Seedlings grown in nonfiltered air plus 1.5 times ambient ozone developed severe foliar injury after 2 years of exposure and were the only seedlings with significant reductions in radial growth after three seasons of exposure to a mean seasonal ozone concentration of 88 ppb. Foliage that had developed >30% chlorotic mottle by September of the 2nd year had abscised by September of the following year. Reduction in radial growth was significantly correlated with amount of foliar injury in well-watered trees, and the best-fit regression equation occurred when percent necrosis was weighted by a factor of 4. Regressions between foliar-injury indices and radial growth in drought-stressed trees were not significant, nor were regressions between radial growth and foliar injury among well-watered trees with only 1 year of premature needle abscission. The low R2 (0.30) between foliar injury and radial growth in well-watered trees and the lack of a significant regression in drought-stressed trees suggest that detection of reductions in stem diameter growth of ponderosa pine in the field in response to ozone injury could be difficult, except for severely injured trees with fewer than 2 years of foliar retention.

The role of superoxide dismutase in the susceptibility of bean leaves to ozone injury

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Chanway ◽  
V. C. Runeckles
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Acute Injury ◽  
Ozone Injury ◽  
Stomatal Behaviour ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Ozone Pretreatment ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Pass Through

The primary leaves of bush bean plants pretreated daily with very low levels of ozone (0.02 or 0.05 ppm) pass through stages of varying susceptibility to a subsequent acute dose. This variation in response can only partly be accounted for by stomatal behaviour. Present studies indicate that the levels of the oxyradical scavenger, superoxide dismutase (SOD), assayed in leaf homogenates, appear to play no role in the phenomenon. No observed changes in the levels of extracted SOD following various low ozone pretreatment regimes could be related to changes in susceptibility to acute injury, in comparisons with control plants maintained in charcoal-filtered air prior to acute fumigation. The only significant increases in SOD levels which appeared to be directly related to ozone exposure occurred simultaneously with the appearance of visible symptoms of injury from either the cumulative chronic or acute ozone exposures.

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