The allelopathic potential of phenolic acids associated with the rhizosphere of Pteridium aquilinum

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (21) ◽  
pp. 2440-2444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony D. M. Glass
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Phenolic Acid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pteridium Aquilinum ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Lateral Root Development ◽  
Seminal Roots

Barley plants were grown hydroponically in solutions which exactly reproduced the major phenolic acid composition of the soil associated with Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn. In CaSO4 solution these compounds severely inhibited root growth as measured by fresh weight, dry weight, and root volume analyses. The form of root growth was also modified by the presence of the phenolic acids in that by 3 weeks extensive lateral root development had occurred, whereas only limited elongation of seminal roots occurred. Inhibition, as measured by fresh weight determinations, was most pronounced when roots were grown at 5 and 30 °C and least pronounced between 15 and 20 °C. Other species examined, with the sole exception of Agropyron repens (L.)Beauv., showed similar responses to the presence of the phenolic acids. Microscopic examination of the tips of barley roots treated with phenolic acid revealed that meristematic cells were prematurely vacuolated.In constrast with the striking effects of these phenolics on root growth in CaSO4 solution, there were no obvious effects on barley root growth when the phenolic acids were dissolved in a complete inorganic nutrient medium.

scholarly journals Liming and biofungicide for the control of clubroot in cauliflower1

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Antônio dos Santos ◽  
Nelson Moura Brasil do Amaral Sobrinho ◽  
Evandro Silva Pereira Costa ◽  
Caio Soares Diniz ◽  
Margarida Goréte Ferreira do Carmo
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, is a disease that limits the cauliflower cultivation and is difficult to control. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of liming combined with the use of Trichoderma harzianum-based biofungicide for the control of clubroot in cauliflower. In a field experiment, the use of the biofungicide in combination with the application of calcined limestone doses (0 Mg ha-1, 1.0 Mg ha-1, 2.0 Mg ha-1 and 4.0 Mg ha-1) was evaluated. Subsequently, in a greenhouse, the biofungicide combined with liming with quicklime (2.54 Mg ha-1) was tested, and cyazofamid and water were tested as controls. The disease severity and attributes related to root and plant development were analyzed. In the field experiment, the healthy root volume and fresh weight, total root dry weight and inflorescence fresh weight and diameter were all significantly increased, while the diseased root volume, in response to the limestone doses, was reduced. The biofungicide reduced the root growth and inflorescence fresh weight. In the greenhouse, liming increased the healthy root volume and fresh weight, as well as total root dry weight, and reduced the disease severity. No significant difference was observed between the biofungicide and the control (water), which were inferior to cyazofamid. The biofungicide was not efficient in controlling the disease and did not favour the growth of cauliflower plants, either alone or combined with liming. Liming reduced the disease severity and increased the cauliflower root growth and yield.

scholarly journals Study of Coefficient of Variation, Heritability and Genetic Advance for Different Traits of Rice Genotypes Grown under Aerobic Condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 426-430
Author(s):  
Susmita Dey ◽  
◽  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
K. R. Battan ◽  
A. K. Chhabra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Aerobic Condition ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Kernel Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Biological Yield

The field experiments with thirty genotypes were conducted during June to October month of kharif, 2018 and kharif, 2019, to assess extent of variability under aerobic condition. The genotypes were sown under dry direct seeded condition using randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. Each genotype was sown in single row of 5 m length with spacing of 20 cm between rows and 15 cm between plants. Data recorded for 22 characters including different morphological and quality traits from 5 randomly selected plants of each replication and mean data used for analysis. ANOVA revealed that the mean sum of squares were highly significant difference for most of the traits. The value of PCV was higher than GCV for all the twenty-two characters. However, maximum GCV and PCV were observed for root dry weight plant-1 (31.44% and 32.17%) followed grain yield plant-1 (29.97% and 31.03%), root volume (28.62% and 29.20%), root fresh weight plant-1 (28.51% and 29.08%), biological yield plant-1 (21.86% 22.50%) and number of grains panicle-1 (20.55% and 21.37%). Rest of the traits showed moderate and low GCV and PCV. High heritability and genetic advance were recorded for the traits viz., leaf length, number of tillers plant-1, number of grains panicle-1, 1000 seed weight, root length, root volume, root fresh weight plant-1, root dry weight plant-1, kernel length-breadth ratio, grain yield plant-1, biological yield plant-1 and harvest index. The information regarding different variability will provide direction to select high yielding genotypes under aerobic condition.

scholarly journals Root Morphology of Eight Hybrid Oil Palms Under Iron (Fe) Toxicity

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 013
Author(s):  
Aprilia Ike Nurmalasari ◽  
Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra ◽  
Prapto Yudono
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Oil Palms ◽  
Fe Toxicity ◽  
Root Growth Rate

The research aims to study the change of morphology root characters of eight hybrid oil palms under iron toxicity (Fe). Field experiment done in arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) two factors and three blocks as replications. The first factor was Fe concentration. It consists of two levels which are concentration 0µ.g-1 and concentration 600 µg.g-1 Fe. The second factor is the hybrid of oil palms which consists of eight hybrid oil palms as Yangambi, Avros, Langkat, PPKS 239, Simalungun, PPKS 718, PPKS 540 and Dumpy. Fe was applied by pouring FeSO4 solvent for 600 µg.g-1 500 ml.-1plant.-1day-1 on two months of plants after transplanting in the main nursery. Data were collected on root morphology and plant dry weight The data were analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 5% significanly, followed by Duncan's multiple range test (DMRT). The relationships by among variables were determined by correlation analysis. The results showed that Fe concentration 600 µg.g-1 inhibits relatively root growth rate, narrows surface area, reduces the diameter, and shrinks root volume of all hybrid oil palms tested. The slowing relatively root growth rate, narrowing of root surface area and root diameter also root volume shrinkage due to Fe stress. It was also shown that the dry weight of plants was inhibit by existing of Fe toxicity.

Influence of BAS-145138 on the Activity of Sulfonylurea and Imidazolinone Herbicides

1991 ◽  
Vol 46 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 939-944
Author(s):  
Robert M. Devlin ◽  
Irena I. Zbiec
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sulfonylurea Herbicides ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Phytotoxic Effects ◽  
Shoot And Root Growth ◽  
Imidazolinone Herbicides

This study demonstrates that corn can be partially safened by BAS-145138 against sulfonylurea and imidazolinone herbicides. The corn seeds were impregnated with BAS-145138 by soaking the seeds for 6 h in solutions of the safener. BAS-145138 had no effect on corn growth. However, corn shoot and root growth in length, fresh weight, and dry weight was partially protected by BAS-145138 from the phytotoxic effects of the sulfonylurea herbicides thiameturon and CGA -136872. Similar protection was given to corn against the phytotoxic activity of the imidazolinone herbicides imazapyr, imazaquin, and imazethapyr. This study suggests that corn could be safened with BAS-145138 against the phytotoxic effects of residual amounts of sulfonylurea and imidazolinone herbicides found in fields where wheat/corn or soybean/corn rotations take place.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen and Potassium on the Root Growth, Nutrient Content and Yield of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) under Waterlogged Condition

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
M R Amin ◽  
M A Karim ◽  
Q A Khaliq ◽  
M R Islam ◽  
S Aktar
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Waterlogged Condition ◽  
Combined Application

An experiment was conducted with mungbean genotype IPSA-13 in the field of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh during September, 2012 to November, 2012 to study the root growth, nutrient concentration and seed yield of mungbean as influenced by N and K under waterlogged conditions. Nutrient supply in the soil had significant impact on better recovery in root development of 4-day waterlogged plants. Development of adventitious roots was one of the adaptive responses of IPSA-13 mungbean genotype. Root length was decreased due to the anaerobic condition.  Plants waterlogged for 4-days allocated more dry matter in adventitious root development and hence root volume was higher in waterlogged plants. Root volume in flooded plants increased due to the development of adventitious roots. Root dry weight increased with combined application of N and K fertilizers. Flooded plants treated with 14 kg N ha-1 + 25 kg K ha-1 produced the highest TDM and seed yield, though the yield was statistically similar to that obtained when the levels of N and K were applied separately, as well as with that of 1% urea + 25 kg K ha-1.The Agriculturists 2015; 13(1) 67-78

Water stress effects on the content of low molecular weight carbohydrates and phenolic acids in Ctenanthe setosa (Rosc.) Eichler

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Ayaz ◽  
A. Kadioglu ◽  
R. Turgut
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Phenolic Acid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Leaf Rolling ◽  
Crystal Forms ◽  
Ctenanthe Setosa ◽  
Cis And Trans

Morphological and biochemical changes in plant cells are known as important events for adaptation to stress. In this study, changes in carbohydrate and phenolic acid concentrations during leaf rolling under water stress were investigated. Leaves of vegetatively propagated Ctenanthe setosa (Rosc.) Eichler plants started to roll after a 28-d water deficit. After approximately 33–35 d, the leaves were tightly rolled. Water stress significantly increased the dry weight of rolled leaves. Low molecular dry weight carbohydrate components identified in unrolled and rolled leaves were fructose, glucose, inositol and sucrose. Leaves of stressed plants tended to accumulate more carbohydrates of low molecular weight. The same sugars (except inositol) were also identified in liquid and crystal forms of exudates, which appeared on the abaxial surface of the leaves during leaf rolling. The phenolic acids identified in unrolled and rolled leaves were from the benzoic group (benzoic, salicylic, 4-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic, syringic acids), and the cinnamic group (ferulic and caffeic acids both in free and methyl ester form and cis- and trans-p-coumaric acids). All phenolic acid concentrations (except for salicylic acid) in the phenolic group increased in rolled leaves in comparison with unrolled leaves. In the cinnamic group, the amounts of cis- and trans-p-coumaric and caffeic acids were greater in rolled leaves than in unrolled leaves. Key words: Ctenanthe setosa, exudate, crystal, leaf rolling, sugar, phenolic acid

scholarly journals Peroxidase and lipid peroxidation of soybean roots in response to p-coumaric and p-hydroxybenzoic acids

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Minatovicz F. Doblinski ◽  
Maria de Lourdes L. Ferrarese ◽  
Domitila A. Huber ◽  
Carlos Alberto Scapim ◽  
Alessandro de Lucca e Braccini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acids ◽  
Soybean Roots

The scope of the present study was to investigate how the p-coumaric (p-CA) and p-hydroxybenzoic (p-HD) acids affect the peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7) activity, the lipid peroxidation (LP) and the root growth of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Three-day-old seedlings were cultivated in nutrient solution containing p-CA or p-HD (0.1 to 1 mM) for 48 h. After uptake, both compounds (at 0.5 and 1 mM) decreased root length (RL), fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) while increased soluble POD activity, cell wall (CW)-bound POD activity (with 1 mM p-CA and 0.5 mM p-HD) and LP.

scholarly journals Herbicidal Potential of Some Dry Land Plants Against Lathyrus aphaca (L.), Winter Season Weed

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. IQBAL ◽  
M.I.A. REHMANI ◽  
S. SAGHEER ◽  
N. KALEEM ◽  
J. MUNEER
Keyword(s):  
Winter Season ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Stressful Environment ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Lathyrus Aphaca

ABSTRACT: Dry land plants owing to their capability to grow under stressful environment have shown higher allelopathic potential as compared to cultivated plants. An experiment was conducted to investigate the herbicidal potential of aqueous extracts of four dry land plants viz. fruit and vine of Citrullus colocynthis, and above ground parts of Rhazya stricta; Crotalaria burhia and Calligonum polygonoides, with four concentrations (25, 50, 75 and 100%) of initially prepared extracts against Lathyrus aphaca, a common weed of wheat in the studied region. These plants were collected from dry land area (30.03° N and 70.38° E, 129 m above sea level, almost desert conditions) of Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. All the four plants exhibited pronounced herbicidal potential with 9 to 91% suppression of different parameters in L. aphaca). Maximum inhibition was recorded in germination (36-91%). Significant suppression in leaf count (9-65%), shoot length (12-59%), root length (4-62%), shoot fresh weight (17-71%), root fresh weight (10-60%), shoot dry weight (15-72%), root dry weight (13-64%), and nodule numbers (34-89%) was also observed. The highest inhibition was exhibited by R. stricta followed by C. colocynthis: fruit. However, in case of nodulation maximum suppression was produced by C. burhia extract. Least suppressant activity was observed for the C. polygonides extract. These results encourage the potential use of locally available dry land plants possessing strong allelochemical properties for nonchemical control of weeds ultimately reducing reliance on chemical control.

scholarly journals (106) Improved Root Growth of Corkbark Fir and Pinyon Pine Seedlings Grown in a Gravel Bed

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1050A-1050
Author(s):  
Robert R. Tripepi ◽  
Mary W. George
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Gravel Bed ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Pinyon Pine

Seedlings of several conifer species can be difficult to transplant, with the problem often related to poor root regeneration. The objective of this study was to determine if corkbark fir (Abies lasiocarpa arizonica) seedlings or pinyon pine (Pinus edulis) seedlings would produce more root growth when grown in a Missouri gravel bed growing system compared to field soil. The 3–0 fir seedlings and 4–0 pine seedlings were planted in a gravel bed in mid-April. The gravel bed was 3 m × 3.7 m and was filled with a mixture of 60% pea gravel (1 cm minus), 30% Turface®, and 10% silica sand (by volume). A field bed 3 m × 3.7 m in size was also prepared. Fir seedlings were harvested in September and October, but pinyon pine seedlings were harvested only in October due to their poor transplant survival. Plant heights, stem diameters, and root volumes, as well as root and shoot dry weights, were determined at harvest. Of all the measured growth parameters for both species, only root dry weights and root volumes were significantly different. In particular, fir seedlings grown in the gravel bed produced at least 30% more root dry weight and 74% more root volume than those planted in field soil whether plants were harvested in September or October. Likewise, pine seedlings grown in gravel produced at least 37% more root dry weight and 86% more root volume than those grown in soil. In addition, only 10.6% of the pine seedlings planted in soil survived transplanting, but 23.3% of those grown in the gravel bed survived. This study demonstrated that corkbark fir and pinyon pine seedlings grown in a gravel bed produced larger root systems than those planted into field soil, and the gravel bed also improved pinyon pine seedling survival after transplanting.

scholarly journals Determination of allelopathic properties of Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd.

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 2050-2059
Author(s):  
Kawsar HOSSEN ◽  
Hisashi KATO-NOGUCHI
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Barnyard Grass ◽  
Acacia Catechu ◽  
Test Plants

Plants possessing allelopathic potential could be used as a source of bio-herbicide to help decrease the use of synthetic herbicides. Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd., a deciduous tree from the Mimosaceae family, has been reported to have medicinal properties. However, there have been no reports on the allelopathy of this tree. Therefore, the leaf extracts of A. catechu were examined for allelopathic potential using six concentrations: 0.001, 0.003, 0.01, 0.03, 0.1, and 0.3 g dry weight equivalent extract mL-1. The aqueous methanol extracts of A. catechu significantly suppressed the seedling growth of six test plants such as alfalfa, cress, lettuce, barnyard grass, Italian ryegrass, and timothy. The extracts inhibited the six test plants in a concentration-dependent manner. The shoot and root growth of all the test plant species were completely inhibited from the concentration of 0.3 g of dry weight equivalent extract mL-1, except the shoot growth of barnyard grass. Concentrations needed for 50% growth inhibition (I50 values) ranged from 0.004 to 0.043 g dry weight equivalent extract mL-1 for shoot growth, and 0.003 to 0.019 g dry weight equivalent extract mL-1 for root growth. Moreover, the I50 values indicated that the root growth of all the test plants was more susceptible to the A. catechu extracts than the shoot growth. The inhibitory effects of the extracts of A. catechu suggest that the extracts may contain allelopathic potential and, therefore, may be a potential candidate for the isolation and characterization of allelochemicals to develop an ecofriendly bio-herbicide.

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