Occurrence and nutritive quality of lowbush cranberry on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 966-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Oldemeyer ◽  
Robert K. Seemel
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Betula Papyrifera ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Kenai Peninsula ◽  
Canopy Coverage ◽  
Nutritive Quality ◽  
Paper Birch

The quantity and quality of lowbush cranberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) were studied on the Kenai National Moose Range, Alaska. Its frequency of occurrence and canopy coverage were highest in mature hardwood stands, intermediate in postburn regrowth stands of paper birch (Betula papyrifera) and spruce (Picea mariana and P. glauca), and lowest in mature spruce–hardwood stands. Its biomass, which was strongly correlated with canopy coverage (r = 0.976), was estimated as 1000–3000 kg per hectare in this area. In vitro dry matter disappearance (with moose rumen inocula) ranged from 41.2% in winter to 50.8% in summer, but the protein content (5.4–5.7%) did not change throughout the year. In winter, cell walls, acid-detergent fiber, and lignin increased slightly, while the concentration of eight detectable minerals decreased sharply.

scholarly journals Effect of Soaking and Boiling on Anti-nutritional Factors, Oligosaccharide Contents and Protein Digestibility of Newly Developed Bambara Groundnut Cultivars

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaposi Adeleke ◽  
Oladipupo Qudus Adiamo ◽  
Olumide Samson Fawale ◽  
Gbeminiyi Olamiti
Keyword(s):  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Bambara Groundnut ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Tropical Agriculture ◽  
Vigna Subterranea ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Nutritive Quality ◽  
Vitro Protein

Newly developed Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L.) seeds (Accessions No: TVSU 5 – Bambara Groundnut White (BGW) and TVSU 146 – Bambara Groundnut Brown (BGB)) were collected from International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nigeria, planted and harvested. The effects of processing methods (soaking and boiling) on anti-nutritional factors and oligosaccharides content and protein digestibility of BGW and BGB compared with Bambara groundnut commercial (BGC) seeds were investigated. Soaking and boiling significantly reduced the anti-nutritional factors of the samples and the effect increased as processing time was elongated. Sample BGC had lower anti-nutritional factors than BGW and BGB after soaking for 48 h. Tannin contents of the samples were reduced drastically by 99 % throughout the soaking periods. Greatest loss in raffinose level was observed in BGB (59%) and BGW (50%) after boiling for 60 min compared with BGC (43%). The loss in stachyose content of the samples varies with processing and BGC (59%) had greatest loss after boiling for 60 min while soaking for 48 h reduced that of BGB and BGW by 57 and 35%, respectively. Boiling for 60 min increased the in vitro protein digestibility of BGB (89.34 %) compared with BGW (87.48%) and BGC (82.89%). Overall, the results demonstrated that soaking and boiling of newly developed Bambara groundnut seeds could improve the nutritive quality of the seeds.

EVALUATION OF PINEGRASS AS RANGE FORAGE

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alastair McLean ◽  
S. Freyman ◽  
J. E. Miltimore ◽  
D. M. Bowden
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Calcium Iron

Seasonal changes in the quality of pinegrass (Calamagrostis rubescens) on native forest range in southern British Columbia included declines in crude protein content and in vitro digestibility of dry matter and increases in content of lignin, acid-detergent fiber, and ash. The decline in average daily gains of beef heifers was more rapid than changes in quality of the pinegrass over the grazing period from June to October.Pinegrass contained adequate nutrients for the rapid growth of yearlings or for maintaining weanling calves until August 1, whereupon protein and phosphorus supplementation were required. Nutrient requirements of pregnant cows and replacement heifers were adequately met until September 1.Copper and zinc were inadequate throughout the season. Calcium, iron, and manganese contents, however, were satisfactory. Silica was high and must be considered a potential problem in pinegrass utilization.Digestible dry matter gave a high positive correlation with crude protein and phosphorus and a high negative correlation with lignin, acid-detergent fiber, and total ash.Crude fiber, crude fat, and total soluble carbohydrate contents of pinegrass did not closely follow changes in either animal gains or in vitro digestible dry matter.Crude protein, phosphorus, and acid-detergent fiber appear to give a good indication of animal yields on pinegrass and could be used to evaluate pinegrass quality where animal data are not available.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis provides insights into anthocyanin and pyocyanin accumulation in pear

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Changping Tian ◽  
Ya Zhang ◽  
Chenzhiyu Li ◽  
Xi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Mobility Shift ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Nutritive Quality ◽  
Core Set ◽  
Reporter Assays ◽  
Arabidopsis Mutant

Abstract Background Pear is one of the most important fruit crops worldwide. Anthocyanins and procyanidins (PAs) are important secondary metabolites that affect the appearance and nutritive quality of pear. However, few studies have focused on the molecular mechanism underlying anthocyanin and PA accumulation in pear . Results We conducted metabolome and transcriptome analyses to identify candidate genes involved in anthocyanin and PA accumulation in young fruits of the pear cultivar ‘Clapp Favorite’ (CF) and its red mutation cultivar ‘Red Clapp Favorite’ ( RCF ). Gene–metabolite correlation analyses revealed a ‘core set’ of 20 genes that were strongly correlated with 10 anthocyanin and seven PA metabolites. Of these, PcGSTF12 was confirmed to be involved in anthocyanin and PA accumulation by complementation of the tt19-7 Arabidopsis mutant. Interestingly, PcGSTF12 was found to be responsible for the accumulation of procyanidin A3, but not petunidin 3, 5-diglucoside, opposite to the function of AtGSTs in Arabidopsis . Transformation with PcGSTF12 greatly promoted or repressed genes involved in anthocyanin and PA biosynthesis, regulation, and transport. Electrophoretic mobility shift and luciferase reporter assays confirmed positive regulation of PcGSTF12 by PcMYB114 . Conclusion These findings identify a core set of genes for anthocyanin and PA accumulation in pear. Of these, PcGSTF12 , was confirmed to be involved in anthocyanin and PA accumulation. Our results also identified an important anthocyanin and PA regulation node comprising two core genes, PcGSTF12 and PcMYB114 . These results provide novel insights into anthocyanin and PA accumulation in pear and represent a valuable data set to guide future functional studies and pear breeding.

scholarly journals Nutritional Evaluation of Sugarcane Cultivars for Ruminants

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 690
Author(s):  
André Sanches de Avila ◽  
Maximiliane Alavarse Zambom ◽  
Gabriele Larissa Hoelscher ◽  
José Barbosa Duarte Júnior ◽  
Andressa Faccenda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Stalk Diameter ◽  
High Fraction ◽  
Biometric Measurements ◽  
Carbohydrate Fractionation ◽  
Stalk Length

The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional quality of twenty-nine cultivars of sugarcane. The design was completely randomized, with twenty-nine treatments (cultivars) and three replicates. The evaluations were performed at 540 days after planting during the phenological stage of maturation of sugar cane. Stalk length, number of nodes per plant, internodes length and stalk diameter were evaluated. The stalk samples were crushed, pre-dried and ground for achievement of chemical analysis, carbohydrate fractionation and in vitro digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and posteriorly submitted to Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. Regarding biometric measurements the cultivars differed (P<0.05) for the stalk length, but there was no difference (P>0.05) in the number of nodes as well as in the average internode length and stalk diameter. The content of DM, OM, protein, ether extract, NDF and acid detergent fiber showed differences between the cultivars evaluated (P<0.05). Carbohydrate fractionation also differed between cultivars (P <0.05), being that cultivars RB86 7515, RB92 806 and RB03 6091 presented high fraction of rapidly degradable carbohydrates. The highest values of in vitro digestibility of DM and OM occurred for cultivars RB86 7515, RB92 579 and RB03 6091 (P<0.05). Considering the variables analyzed, the cultivars RB03 6091, RB92 579 and RB86 7515 showed greater concentration of rapidly degradable carbohydrates and greater in vitro digestibility of DM and OM demonstrating potential for use in ruminant feeding.

scholarly journals FORAGE YIELD AND NUTRITIVE QUALITY OF TWO GROUNDNUT (ARACHIS HYPOGAEA L) VARIETIES AS INFLUENCED BY FERTILIZER TYPES

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
P. A. DELE ◽  
O. B. KASIM ◽  
B. T. AKINYEMI ◽  
O. KENNETH-OBOSI ◽  
F. E. SALAWU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Nutrient Quality ◽  
Local Variety ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Saponin Content ◽  
Nutritive Quality

This study was carried out to investigate the forage yield and nutritive quality of two groundnut (SAMNUT 22 and local) varieties as influenced by fertilizer type in the humid ecological zone of Nigeria. The study was a 3 x 2 factorial experiment in a split-plot design with the fertilizer type (poultry droppings, NPK and the control) as the main plot and variety (SAMNUT 22 and Local) as the sub-plot which amounts to six treatments with three replicates. The inorganic-fertilized SAMNUT 22 had the highest forage dry matter (DM) yield (10.23 t/ha). The inorganic-fertilized local variety had the highest DM (94.60 %) and the least DM value (93.68 %) recorded for inorganic-fertilized SAMNUT 22. The highest and least crude protein (21.71 % vs 18.28%) contents were recorded for inorganic-fertilized local and unfertilized SAMNUT 22 variety, respectively. The neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) that were recorded for the unfertilized SAMNUT 22 were the highest with values 58.13 %, 25.86 % and 3.35 %, respectively. The highest gas (57.75 ml/200mgDM) production, methane (13.50 ml/200mgDM) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (70.22 %) were recorded for unfertilized local variety, unfertilized SAMNUT 22 and organic-fertilized local variety, respectively. The unfertilized SAMNUT 22 had the highest tannin content of 6.43 mg/100g and saponin content of 9.29 mg/100g whereas the organically fertilized Local variety had the highest oxalate (140.65 mg/100g) content. In conclusion, the two varieties and especially SAMNUT 22 when inorganic fertilizer was applied have proved to be good feed resource with regards to high yield, CP and low anti-nutrient quality and are recommended as forage of high nutritive values for ruminant animal production.  

scholarly journals Transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis provides insights into anthocyanin and pyocyanin accumulation in pear

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Changping Tian ◽  
Ya Zhang ◽  
Chenzhiyu Li ◽  
Xi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Mobility Shift ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Nutritive Quality ◽  
Core Set ◽  
Reporter Assays ◽  
Arabidopsis Mutant

Abstract Background Pear is one of the most important fruit crops worldwide. Anthocyanins and procyanidins (PAs) are important secondary metabolites that affect the appearance and nutritive quality of pear. However, few studies have focused on the molecular mechanism underlying anthocyanin and PA accumulation in pear . Results We conducted metabolome and transcriptome analyses to identify candidate genes involved in anthocyanin and PA accumulation in young fruits of the pear cultivar ‘Clapp Favorite’ (CF) and its red mutation cultivar ‘Red Clapp Favorite’ ( RCF ). Gene–metabolite correlation analyses revealed a ‘core set’ of 20 genes that were strongly correlated with 10 anthocyanin and seven PA metabolites. Of these, PcGSTF12 was confirmed to be involved in anthocyanin and PA accumulation by complementation of the tt19-7 Arabidopsis mutant. Interestingly, PcGSTF12 was found to be responsible for the accumulation of procyanidin A3, but not petunidin 3, 5-diglucoside, opposite to the function of AtGSTs in Arabidopsis . Transformation with PcGSTF12 greatly promoted or repressed genes involved in anthocyanin and PA biosynthesis, regulation, and transport. Electrophoretic mobility shift and luciferase reporter assays confirmed positive regulation of PcGSTF12 by PcMYB114 . Conclusion These findings identify a core set of genes for anthocyanin and PA accumulation in pear. Of these, PcGSTF12 , was confirmed to be involved in anthocyanin and PA accumulation. Our results also identified an important anthocyanin and PA regulation node comprising two core genes, PcGSTF12 and PcMYB114 . These results provide novel insights into anthocyanin and PA accumulation in pear and represent a valuable data set to guide future functional studies and pear breeding.

scholarly journals Sustentabilidad de la producción caprina en la meseta central de Mendoza, Argentina

Tequio ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
Patricio Dayenoff ◽  
Javier Macario
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Natural Pasture ◽  
The Media ◽  
Plateau Central

The objective of the present work was know the botanical composition of the goat's intake in natural pasture, between them years 2011-2013, and the quality forage of them species that greater participation presented along them cycles vegetative covered between 2013-2015, in the Plateau Central of Mendoza. This was evaluated in 54 Criollo adult goats by Fecal Micro-histology method in Regrowth, Flowering and vegetative Latency phases. Forage quality of species with greater participation was assessed by levels of crude protein, Official Methods of Analices (AOAC, 1980), Neutral Detergent Fiber, Acid Detergent Fiber (Van Soest, Robertson and Lewis, 1991) and Digestibility In Vitro Dry Matter (Barnes and Marten, 1980). The media and standard desviation was studied by ANAVA and Tukey test. The bushes were the most consumed species, 53.03% on Regrowth, 64.7%, in Florewing and 74.2% in Latency, highlighting species Lycium sp., Schinus sp. and Prosopis sp, as which participated in the three phenological moments of the natural pasture, with levels of intake upper to the 8% in, each moment

scholarly journals Transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis provides insights into anthocyanin and procyanidin accumulation in pear

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Changping Tian ◽  
Ya Zhang ◽  
Chenzhiyu Li ◽  
Xi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Mobility Shift ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Nutritive Quality ◽  
Core Set ◽  
Reporter Assays ◽  
Arabidopsis Mutant

Abstract Background Pear is one of the most important fruit crops worldwide. Anthocyanins and procyanidins (PAs) are important secondary metabolites that affect the appearance and nutritive quality of pear. However, few studies have focused on the molecular mechanism underlying anthocyanin and PA accumulation in pear . Results We conducted metabolome and transcriptome analyses to identify candidate genes involved in anthocyanin and PA accumulation in young fruits of the pear cultivar ‘Clapp Favorite’ (CF) and its red mutation cultivar ‘Red Clapp Favorite’ ( RCF ). Gene–metabolite correlation analyses revealed a ‘core set’ of 20 genes that were strongly correlated with 10 anthocyanin and seven PA metabolites. Of these, PcGSTF12 was confirmed to be involved in anthocyanin and PA accumulation by complementation of the tt19-7 Arabidopsis mutant. Interestingly, PcGSTF12 was found to be responsible for the accumulation of procyanidin A3, but not petunidin 3, 5-diglucoside, opposite to the function of AtGSTs in Arabidopsis . Transformation with PcGSTF12 greatly promoted or repressed genes involved in anthocyanin and PA biosynthesis, regulation, and transport. Electrophoretic mobility shift and luciferase reporter assays confirmed positive regulation of PcGSTF12 by PcMYB114 . Conclusion These findings identify a core set of genes for anthocyanin and PA accumulation in pear. Of these, PcGSTF12 , was confirmed to be involved in anthocyanin and PA accumulation. Our results also identified an important anthocyanin and PA regulation node comprising two core genes, PcGSTF12 and PcMYB114 . These results provide novel insights into anthocyanin and PA accumulation in pear and represent a valuable data set to guide future functional studies and pear breeding.

INFLUENCE OF HOST FOLIAGE ON DEVELOPMENT, SURVIVAL, FECUNDITY, AND OVIPOSITION OF THE SPEAR-MARKED BLACK MOTH, RHEUMAPTERA HASTATA (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE)

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Werner
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Development Rate ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Betula Papyrifera ◽  
Egg Viability ◽  
Feeding Intensity ◽  
Interior Alaska ◽  
Birch Trees ◽  
Paper Birch

AbstractSpear-marked black moth, Rheumaptera hastata (L.), females tended to oviposit more readily on paper birch, Betula papyrifera Marsh., than other deciduous plants indigenous to interior Alaska. Larval feeding intensity was about 40% higher on birch foliage than on other host plants. Larvae reared on various host plant species differed in survival, development rate, and body weight. Food quality of host plants on which females were reared as larvae affected oviposition, fecundity, and egg viability. Larval development rate and survival decreased when fed foliage from birch trees that were repeatedly defoliated for 2 and 3 years.

scholarly journals Impact of Packing Density on the Bacterial Community, Fermentation, and In Vitro Digestibility of Whole-Crop Barley Silage

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 672
Author(s):  
Lin Sun ◽  
Na Na ◽  
Xiaomei Li ◽  
Ziqin Li ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Packing Density ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
Barley Silage

Packing density has a significant influence on the outcome of ensiling forage. In this study, we aim to investigate the effect of packing density on the ensiling properties, microbiome, and in vitro digestibility of barley silages. Barley was ensiled in polyethylene drum silos (30 L) with respective densities of 600, 650, 700, and 750 kg/m3 fresh matter (FM), and stored for 60 days. The bacterial communities, fermentation quality, and in vitro digestibility were analyzed. Fresh barley had a low count of lactic acid bacteria (LAB, 104 cfu/g of FM), and Lactobacillus was nearly undetectable (<1%). Increasing the packing density decreased the pH and the content of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), ethanol, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of barley silage (p < 0.05), and increased in vitro digestibility of dry matter, NDF, ADF, and DM recovery (p < 0.05). A higher packing density decreased the abundances of Enterobacter (from 47.4% to 35.4%) and Clostridium (from 13.5% to 3.8%), and increased the abundance of Lactobacillus (from 1.8% to 17.0%). Thus, packing density positively correlated with Lactobacillus (p < 0.05) but negatively correlated with Enterobacter (p < 0.05). The pH and the content of ethanol were positively correlated with Enterobacter (p < 0.05) but negatively correlated with Lactobacillus (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the density of 750 kg/m3 FM resulted in the highest silage quality of the densities tested.

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