Presymptomatic detection of Fusarium wilt of tomato by electrical resistance measurement as related to pectic enzyme production

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 752-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank L. Caruso ◽  
Terry A. Tattar ◽  
Mark S. Mount ◽  
Margaret E. Malia
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Symptom Development ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Foliar Symptom ◽  
Vitro Production ◽  
Soil Level

Decreases in electrical resistance (ER) of tomato taproots were correlated with the progression of Fusarium wilt disease. Production of polygalacturonase (PG) from four isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, as determined from ammonium sulfate fractions, was correlated with the degree of virulence of each isolate. A drop in ER in tomato plant taproots at 6 cm below the soil level was noticed within 2 h after separate inoculation with all strains. These drops in ER preceded foliar symptom development by 20 h. Measurement of ER in the stems of inoculated tomato plants, however, was found to be no different from that of uninoculated plants. The rate of ER decrease was correlated with the in vitro production of PG by these isolates; the higher the PG activity, the greater the decrease in ER.

PRODUKSI ENSIM KARBOKSI METIL SELULASE DAN EKSO-POLIGALAKTURONASE SERTA PERANANNYA DALAM MENENTUKAN TINGKAT PATOGENSITAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
KARDEN MULYA ◽  
HENI HENI ◽  
SUPRIADI SUPRIADI ◽  
ESTHER M. ADHI
Keyword(s):  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Clear Zone ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Tomato Cultivar ◽  
Bacterial Colony ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽  
Vitro Production ◽  
Carboxy Methyl

<p><strong>Carboxy methyl selulase and exo-polygalacturonase enzymes production and their role in determining the pathogenicity of Ralstonia solanacearum isolated from ginger</strong></p><p>Bacterial wilt disease on ginger (Zingiber oicinale Roscoe) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is the most destructive disease Infected tissues show macerated symptom on infected hosts indicating that the pathogen produces plant digestive enzymes. This research was aimed at analizing carboxymethylccllulasc (CMC-ase) and exopolygalacturonase (cxo-PG) enzymes production by the pathogen. In vitro production of CMC-ase of both virulent and avirulcnt isolates of R solanacearum was measured from diameter of clearing zone around bacterial colony on CMC medium whereas exo-PG was measured by the reduction of Na- polygalacturonatc by filtrate of the pathogen culture. Virulence of the pathogen was tested on tomato cultivar Gondol Hijau by pouring 50 ml of pathogen suspension (I07 cfu/ml) around roots of the plant and it was also tested on ginger cultivar Jahe Putih Besar by pricking suspension of pathogen into rhizome and basal pscudostcm of the plant. The results showed that CMC-ase and and PG-asc were produced by virulent isolates of R. solanacearum al 2.23 cm clear zone and 0.662 mg eq. glucose/ml/hour/ODiti, respectively. The avirulent isolates, however. correlated with disease intensity of the isolates. Disease intensity of the virulent isolates was 0.6 and 0.96 on tomato and on ginger plants respectively, whereas the avirulent isolates was 0.04 and 0.00 respectively. Therefore, CMC-ase and exo-PG are important in determining pathogenicity level of/?, solanacearum.</p>

THE IN VITRO PRODUCTION OF ANDROGENS BY FOLLICULAR TISSUE OF RABBITS

1964 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Gospodarowicz
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Vitro Production

ABSTRACT Incubation in vitro of rabbit follicles in separate experiments with dehydroepiandrosterone-14C (DHEA-14C), progesterone-14C and pregnenolone-3H in the presence of FSH gave the following results: 39 % of the radioactivity of DHEA-14C is converted to androstenedione and testosterone, while only 3 % of the radioactivity of either progesterone-14C or pregnenolone-3H is found in the androgen fraction. From the ratio of testosterone to androstenedione formed from the three precursors, the results are interpreted to mean that DHEA and pregnenolone, and not progesterone, are precursors of androgens in the follicle.

Oxygenation of 18-hydroxycorticosterone as the final reaction for aldosterone biosynthesis

1984 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itaru Kojima ◽  
Etsuro Ogata ◽  
Hiroshi Inano ◽  
Bun-ichi Tamaoki
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Mitochondrial Preparation ◽  
Final Reaction ◽  
Vitro Production ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Cytochrome P 450

Abstract. Incubation of 18-hydroxycorticosterone with the sonicated mitochondrial preparation of bovine adrenal glomerulosa tissue leads to the production of aldosterone, as measured by radioimmunoassay. The in vitro production of aldosterone from 18-hydroxycorticosterone requires both molecular oxygen and NADPH, and is inhibited by carbon monoxide. Cytochrome P-450 inhibitors such as metyrapone, SU 8000. SU 10603, SKF 525A, amphenone B and spironolactone decrease the biosynthesis of aldosterone from 18-hydroxycorticosterone. These results support the conclusion that the final reaction in aldosterone synthesis from 18-hydroxycorticosterone is catalyzed by an oxygenase, but not by 18-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. By the same preparation, the production of [3H]aldosterone but not [3H]18-hydroxycorticosterone from [1,2-3H ]corticosterone is decreased in a dose-dependent manner by addition of non-radioactive 18-hydroxycorticosterone.

scholarly journals Nano-Elicitation as an Effective and Emerging Strategy for In Vitro Production of Industrially Important Flavonoids

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1694
Author(s):  
Amna Komal Khan ◽  
Sidra Kousar ◽  
Duangjai Tungmunnithum ◽  
Christophe Hano ◽  
Bilal Haider Abbasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Market ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
In Vitro Cultures ◽  
Defense System ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Metallic Oxide ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
Over Exploitation ◽  
Vitro Production

Flavonoids represent a popular class of industrially important bioactive compounds. They possess valuable health-benefiting and disease preventing properties, and therefore they are an important component of the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmetical and medicinal industries. Moreover, flavonoids possess significant antiallergic, antihepatotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, antiviral, and antibacterial as well as cardio-protective activities. Due to these properties, there is a rise in global demand for flavonoids, forming a significant part of the world market. However, obtaining flavonoids directly from plants has some limitations, such as low quantity, poor extraction, over-exploitation, time consuming process and loss of flora. Henceforth, there is a shift towards the in vitro production of flavonoids using the plant tissue culture technique to achieve better yields in less time. In order to achieve the productivity of flavonoids at an industrially competitive level, elicitation is a useful tool. The elicitation of in vitro cultures induces stressful conditions to plants, activates the plant defense system and enhances the accumulation of secondary metabolites in higher quantities. In this regard, nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as novel and effective elicitors for enhancing the in vitro production of industrially important flavonoids. Different classes of NPs, including metallic NPs (silver and copper), metallic oxide NPs (copper oxide, iron oxide, zinc oxide, silicon dioxide) and carbon nanotubes, are widely reported as nano-elicitors of flavonoids discussed herein. Lastly, the mechanisms of NPs as well as knowledge gaps in the area of the nano-elicitation of flavonoids have been highlighted in this review.

scholarly journals In Vitro Production of Embryos from Prepubertal Holstein Cattle and Mediterranean Water Buffalo: Problems, Progress and Potential

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2275
Author(s):  
Luke Currin ◽  
Hernan Baldassarre ◽  
Vilceu Bordignon
Keyword(s):  
Water Buffalo ◽  
Holstein Cattle ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Blastocyst Development ◽  
Follicular Aspiration ◽  
Current State ◽  
Widespread Implementation ◽  
Vitro Production ◽  
Mediterranean Water

Laparoscopic ovum pick-up (LOPU) coupled with in vitro embryo production (IVEP) in prepubertal cattle and buffalo accelerates genetic gain. This article reviews LOPU-IVEP technology in prepubertal Holstein Cattle and Mediterranean Water Buffalo. The recent expansion of genomic-assisted selection has renewed interest and demand for prepubertal LOPU-IVEP schemes; however, low blastocyst development rates has constrained its widespread implementation. Here, we present an overview of the current state of the technology, limitations that persist and suggest possible solutions to improve its efficiency, with a focus on gonadotropin stimulations strategies to prime oocytes prior to follicular aspiration, and IVEP procedures promoting growth factor metabolism and limiting oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress.

scholarly journals Cytokinin Mediated Increased In Vitro Production of Secondary Metabolites with Special Reference to Solasodine in Solanum erianthum

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. e62-e68
Author(s):  
Jeeta Sarkar ◽  
Nirmalya Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Vitro Production ◽  
Regenerated Plantlets

AbstractSteroid alkaloid solasodine is a nitrogen analogue of diosgenin and has great importance in the production of steroidal medicines. Solanum erianthum D. Don (Solanaceae) is a good source of solasodine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different cytokinins on the production of secondary metabolites, especially solasodine in the in vitro culture of S. erianthum. For solasodine estimation, field-grown plant parts and in vitro tissues were extracted thrice and subjected to high-performance liquid Chromatography. Quantitative analysis of different secondary metabolites showed that the amount was higher in the in vitro regenerated plantlets compared to callus and field-grown plants. The present study critically evaluates the effect of the type of cytokinin used in the culture medium on solasodine accumulation in regenerated plants. The highest solasodine content (46.78±3.23 mg g-1) was recorded in leaf extracts of the in vitro grown plantlets in the presence of 6-γ,γ-dimethylallylamino purine in the culture medium and the content was 3.8-fold higher compared to the mother plant.

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