The relationship of tissue chlorogenic acid concentrations and leaching of phenolics from sunflowers grown under varying phosphate nutrient conditions

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 593-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Koeppe ◽  
L. M. Southwick ◽  
J. E. Bittell
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Phosphate Deficiency ◽  
Allelopathic Interactions ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Intact Roots ◽  
Nutrient Conditions

A large increase in the concentration of the isomers of chlorogenic acid was observed in extracts of sunflowers grown under phosphate-deficient conditions when compared with phosphate-sufficient plants. More phenolic compounds were leached from living intact roots, dried roots, and tops of phosphate-deficient plants than from phosphate-sufficient ones. These leachates did not contain any of the isomers of chlorogenic acid or caffeic acid but did contain scopolin. The influence of phosphate deficiency on polyphenol concentrations in plants and their possible role in allelopathic interactions between plants are discussed.

scholarly journals Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Phenolics from Hibiscus sabdariffa Flowers: Method Development and Validation

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Rohmah Nur Fathimah ◽  
Widiastuti Setyaningsih ◽  
Ceferino Carrera ◽  
Miguel Palma
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Solvent Composition ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Development And Validation

Phenolics are bioactive compounds already reported in Hibiscus sabdariffa (roselle). The present study reports the development and validation of the analytical microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method for the determination of phenolic compounds in roselle flowers to establish their positive contribution to human health. Prior to the optimization, a study for identifying phenolic compounds revealed that chlorogenic acid, protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, and rutin were presented in Roselle. Three factors affecting MAE, viz. temperature, solvent composition, and sample to solvent ratio, were optimized employing a Box-Behnken Design (BBD) in conjunction with response surface methodology (RSM). The maximum extraction recovery was achieved using the extraction temperature of 68 °C, solvent composition of 59% MeOH in water, and 20:1 solvent to sample ratio. The kinetics experiment confirmed full recoveries (92–119%) at 15 min. Subsequently, method validation showed a satisfactory result, including low detection limits from 0.219 mg L−1 (caffeic acid) to 0.374 mg L−1 (chlorogenic acid). Both precisions and accuracy met the acceptances by AOAC. Finally, the method was successfully applied to quantify phenolics in the two most common varieties of Roselle. Chlorogenic acid was found as the main phenolic compound in both varieties

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric and Smartphone-Assisted Determination of Phenolic Compounds Using Crude Eggplant Extract

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (23) ◽  
pp. 4407 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Morosanova ◽  
A.S. Bashkatova ◽  
E.I. Morosanova
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Polyphenol Oxidase ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Analytical Signal ◽  
Polyphenol Oxidase Activity

In order to develop a simple, reliable and low cost enzymatic method for the determination of phenolic compounds we studied polyphenol oxidase activity of crude eggplant (S. melongena) extract using 13 phenolic compounds. Catechol, caffeic and chlorogenic acids, and L-DOPA have been rapidly oxidized with the formation of colored products. Monophenolic compounds have been oxidized at a much slower speed. Ferulic acid, quercetin, rutin, and dihydroquercetin have been found to inhibit polyphenol oxidase activity of crude eggplant extract. The influence of pH, temperature, crude eggplant extract amount, and 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone (MBTH) concentration on the oxidation of catechol, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and L-DOPA has been investigated spectrophotometrically. Michaelis constants values decrease by a factor of 2 to 3 in the presence of MBTH. Spectrophotometric (cuvette and microplate variants) and smartphone-assisted procedures for phenolic compounds determination have been proposed. Average saturation values (HSV color model) of the images of the microplate wells have been chosen as the analytical signal for smartphone-assisted procedure. LOD values for catechol, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and L-DOPA equaled 5.1, 6.3, 5.8 and 30.0 µM (cuvette procedure), 12.2, 13.2, 13.2 and 80.4 µM (microplate procedure), and 23.5, 26.4, 20.8 and 120.6 µM (smartphone procedure). All the variants have been successfully applied for fast (4-5 min) and simple TPC determination in plant derived products and L-DOPA determination in model biological fluids. The values found with smartphone procedure are in good agreement with both spectrophotometric procedures values and reference values. Using crude eggplant extract- mediated reactions combined with smartphone camera detection has allowed creating low-cost, reliable and environmentally friendly analytical method for the determination of phenolic compounds.

scholarly journals Phenolic Compounds Profile and Antioxidant Capacity of Pitahaya Fruit Peel from Two Red-Skinned Species (Hylocereus polyrhizus and Hylocereus undatus)

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1183
Author(s):  
Wanpei Tang ◽  
Wu Li ◽  
Yuzhe Yang ◽  
Xue Lin ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Base Hydrolysis ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Hydrolysis Method ◽  
Bound Phenolics

Pitahaya peel is a good source of bioactive polyphenols. However, the bound phenolics and their antioxidant activity remain unclear. The bound phenolics of pitahaya peel from two red-skinned species with red pulp (RP) and white pulp (WP) were released with different methods (acid, base, and composite enzymes hydrolysis). The results revealed that base hydrolysis was the most efficient method for releasing the bound phenolics from RP (11.6 mg GAE/g DW) and WP (10.5 mg GAE/g DW), which was 13.04-fold and 8.18-fold for RP and 75.07-fold and 10.94-fold for WP compared with acid hydrolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis, respectively. A total of 37 phenolic compounds were identified by UPLC-TOF/MS with most chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid in RP, whereas chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, rutin and isoquercitrin were the main compounds in WP. Regardless of the hydrolysis method, the extracts having the highest phenolic content showed the strongest antioxidant activities. The work shows that hydrolysis methods have a significant effect on the release of phenolics, and the contents of major characteristic bound phenolic compounds are related to the ecological type of pitahaya.

PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION AND EVALUATION OF IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THE PLANT CYPERUS TEGETUM ROXB

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
ATANU CHATTERJEE ◽  
RITU KHANRA ◽  
PRANABESH CHAKRABORTY ◽  
HIMANGSHU SEKHAR MAJI
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Spectral Studies ◽  
Isolated Compound

Objective: The objective of the present study is to isolate the lead molecules and the antioxidant activity is also evaluated. Method: Cyperus tegetum Roxb. (Cyperaceae) is found in the tribal area of West Midnapur district of West Bengal, India. It is commonly known as Madur Kathi. Different chromatographic techniques, namely, thin-layer chromatography, column chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to isolate and identify the different secondary metabolites. Results: The different spectral studies (nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR], infrared [IR], and ultraviolet [UV]) confirmed the presence of stigmasterol as an isolated compound from the extract of C. tegetum (ECT). HPLC analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, namely, rutin (retention time [Rt]: 3.00), myricetin (Rt: 3.9), and quercetin (Rt: 5.6) and phenolic acids, namely, gallic acid (Rt: 4.0), caffeic acid (Rt: 5.4), chlorogenic acid (Rt: 7.3), and ferulic acid (Rt: 8.8) in ECT. ECT showed strong reducing power, diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate radical, superoxide anion scavenging, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities when compared to standard compounds. Conclusion: From this study, several flavonoid and phenolic compounds were identified by RP-HPLC analysis. Flavonoids are rutin, quercetin, and myricetin and phenolic compounds are gallic acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid, respectively. The different spectral studies (NMR, IR, and UV) confirmed the presence of stigmasterol as an isolated compound from ECT.

scholarly journals Spectral quality as an eliciting agent in the production of phenolic compounds in the callus of Hyptis marrubioides Epling

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e59210918472
Author(s):  
Luciana Arantes Dantas ◽  
Paula Sperotto Alberto Faria ◽  
Anielly Monteiro de Melo ◽  
Márcio Rosa ◽  
Erika Crispim Resende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
White Light ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Spectral Quality ◽  
Cutaneous Infections ◽  
Uvc Radiation

Hyptis marrubioides Epling is a species of the Brazilian cerrado traditionally used to treat gastrointestinal and cutaneous infections, pain, and cramps. The use of visible and ultraviolet C (UVC) radiation is a promising strategy to optimize the production of the bioactive metabolites. Therefore, the effect of the spectral quality of light on the production of metabolites was evaluated in H. marrubioides callus. The callus was inoculated on MS medium with 50% of the salt concentration containing 2 mg L-1 naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 1 mg L-1 benzylaminopurine (BAP). The callus cultures were exposed for 20 days to the spectral qualities of white light, blue, red, and blue + red as well as to darkness. In addition, the callus cultivated under white light were exposed to UVC on the 21st day for 0, 30, 60, 120, and 240 seconds. The exposure of H. marrubioides callus to blue light negatively affects the synthesis of phenolic compounds. Red light stimulates the synthesis of caffeic acid and luteolin. Darkness was the best condition among those studied because it was associated with the increased accumulation of caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, rosmarinic acid, and luteolin. The exposure of H. marrubioides callus cultivated under white light to UVC radiation promoted an increase in the synthesis of chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, rosmarinic acid, and luteolin.

RELATIONSHIP OF CHLOROGENIC ACID CONCENTRATION IN SUNFLOWER ACHENES TO BIRD PREDATION OF SUNFLOWER

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. PARFITT ◽  
G. J. FOX ◽  
J. D. BROSZ
Keyword(s):  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Passer Domesticus ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Bird Predation ◽  
Xanthocephalus Xanthocephalus ◽  
Helianthus Annus ◽  
Bird Damage ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Blackbird feeding on sunflower is a significant problem in parts of the Northern Great Plains. Therefore, experiments were initiated to determine the relationship of chlorogenic acid (CA) in sunflower achenes to bird predation and the amount of variability for CA in sunflower genotypes. Eight inbred sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) genotypes with variable levels of resistance to blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus L. and Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus Bonaparte) and house sparrow (Passer domesticus L.) predation were evaluated at two locations in 1979 and 1980 for seed and hull CA. Differences were observed among inbred sunflower genotypes for CA concentration in both hull and seed. However, no significant correlation between percent CA in seed and mean percent bird damage over the four tested environments was observed. An unexpected positive correlation for hull CA and bird damage was found, however. Achene samples were taken from three positions within the sunflower head (outside, middle and inside) from seven inbred lines at three sampling dates. Genotype influenced CA level in both achene components while sampling date influenced CA level in the seed only. Position of achenes within the sunflower head did not influence CA concentration of either hull or seed. Thus, it is unlikely that the CA concentration of physiologically mature sunflower achenes (hull or seed) causes the observed bird predation pattern (edge to center) on sunflower heads. CA concentration is not apparently related to bird damage.Key words: Sunflower, bird feeding, chlorogenic acid, Helianthus annus L., blackbird

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS CHROMATOGRAPHIC IDENTIFICATION IN BILBERRY SHOOTS

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Л. В. Вронська ◽  
М. Б. Чубка ◽  
А. Є. Демид
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acids ◽  
Qualitative Composition ◽  
Identification Method ◽  
Investigation Methods ◽  
Solvent Systems

<p align="center"><strong>DEVELOPMENT OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS CHROMATOGRAPHIC IDENTIFICATION </strong><strong>IN</strong><strong> BILBERRY SHOOTS</strong><strong></strong></p><p align="center"><strong>L. V.  Vronska, M. B. Chubka, A. E.  </strong><strong>Demyd</strong></p><p class="Heading10" align="center">SHEI "Ternopil State Medical University by I. Ya. Horbachevsky of MPH Ukraine"</p><p><strong>Introduction.</strong> Bilberry shoots have hypoglycemic properties and are used for easy forms of diabetes as in the form of plant raw materials and as part of various charges, such as Arfazetyn and others. Shoots of bilberry are considered as herbal substance that<strong> </strong>contains tannins, although their presence is not associated with mild hypoglycaemic effect. It is known that the bilberry leaves contain tannins, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonoids, triterpene acids and vitamins. Standardization of bilberry shoots as herbal substances is still going to be important because it is still little studied and in the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine there is no corresponding monograph. Manufacturers of bilberry shoots officinal herbal raw material perform their identification by means of a quality reaction on tannins with ammonium iron (III) sulphate, which is a non-specific method. Moreover, taking into consideration the literature data and a various biological activity hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonoids it is necessary to study their composition for raw materials growing within theterritory ofUkraine.</p><p>         The objective of our work was investigation of bilberry shoots phenolic compounds with the help of chromatographic methods, development of methodology of their identification, selection of identification markers.</p><p><strong>Investigation methods</strong><strong>.</strong> The qualitative composition of four bilberry shoots samples that were harvested in summer in the following regions: 1 – Transcarpathia, 2 - Ternopil, 3 - Volyn, 4 - Ivano-Frankivsk, and five samples of "Shoots of bilberries" therapeutic agent, produced in PLC "Liktravy", Zhytomyr city was investigated.</p><p>The qualitative composition of phenolic compounds was studied by the methods of thin layer and high performance liquid chromatography.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion</strong><strong>.</strong> Bilberry shoots contain chlorogenic acid mostly from phenolcarboxylic acids, the caffeic acid appears on the chromatograms as a zone with weak fluorescence intensity. In both solvent systems three located next to each other flavonoids zones with an average intensity of fluorescence are shown at the top of the chromatogram; the central of these zones is identified as a quercitrin.</p><p>Isoquercitrin appears on chromatograms of all samples as a zone of very weak fluorescence and hyperoside – with an average fluorescence. Under a zone of chlorogenic acid in the first solvent system and over a zone of chlorogenic acid in the second solvent system, much more hydrophilous, flavonoid glycoside appears as the most intensive fluorescence area. Another flavonoid with a large intensity of fluorescence appears over rutin zone in both solvent systems. Flavonoids aglycones were not found in methanol extractions of bilberry shoots in the described conditions.</p><p> The flavonoids aglycone content studying of nine bilberry shoots samples allowed to identify aglycones: quercetin as a zone of very intense orange fluorescence and kaempferol as a zone of weak yellow-blue fluorescence. In the described  sample processing conditions there are other fluorescent zones on the TLC chromatogram. Thus, the main bilberry shoots aglycone of flavonoids, which grows within theterritoryofUkraineand is industrially stored up, is quercetin.</p><p>The results of TLC about the presence of quercitrin, hyperoside, traces of rutin, as well as chlorogenic and traces of caffeic acid in significant amount in all studied samples of bilberry shoots were confirmed by HPLC analysis. HPLC investigation of bilberry shoots samples after hydrolysis confirms the presence of quercetin as a dominant aglycone and traces of kaempferol.</p><p>The difference between Ukrainian samples analysis results and data of numerous authors is obviously caused by not only differences in sample preparation and sensitivity of the methods used, but also indicates the quality different from bilberry shoots phenolic compounds that grow in different conditions.</p><p>Therefore, TLC identification method of bilberry shoots was developed for medicinal plants growing inUkraine.</p><p><strong>Conclusions.</strong></p><ol><li>All bilberry shoots analyzed samples contain the rutin, chlorogenic acid, hyperoside, quercitrin, that have been identified with the help of TLC and HPLC methods.</li><li>TLC identification method of bilberry shoots was developed and these compounds were proposed as identification markers.</li></ol><ol start="3"><li>Caffeic acid and isoquercitrin are contained in the studied samples of raw materials in small quantities, so they aren't recommended as obligatory identification markers.</li></ol>

scholarly journals Sugars, acids and polyphenols profile of commercial and traditional apple cultivars for processing

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asima AKAGIĆ ◽  
Amila VRANAC ◽  
Fuad GAŠI ◽  
Pakeza DRKENDA ◽  
Nermina SPAHO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Apple Cultivar ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Apple Peel ◽  
Apple Cultivars

Three commercial apple cultivars ('Jonagold', 'Granny Smith' and 'Idared') and the local apple cultivar ('Prijedorska Zelenika') from Bosnia and Herzegovina were analysed by HPLC-MS for the content of phenolic compounds in peel and pulp as well content of individual sugars and organic acids. Catechin, (-)-epicatechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin 3-<em>O</em>-xyloside, quercetin 3-<em>O</em>-arabinoside, quercetin 3-<em>O</em>-rhamnoside, quercetin 3-<em>O</em>-rutinoside, quercetin 3-<em>O</em>-galactoside and quercetin 3-<em>O</em>-glucoside were identified in apple peel and (-)-epicatechin, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid in apple pulp at all observed cultivars. The total sugars content of analysed apple cultivars ranged between 91.61 and 105.45 g kg<sup>-1 </sup>FM, while the total organic acids content was from 5.70 to 15.05 g kg<sup>-1 </sup>FM. The levels of total organic acids and sugars, glucoce/fructose ratio and sugar/acid ratio were affected by cultivars. The mean content of total phenolic compounds was between 427.92 and 1457.95 mg kg<sup>-1 </sup>FM in peel and from 113.58 to 439.83 mg kg<sup>-1 </sup>FM in pulp and depending upon the cultivars. The presented data clearly demonstrated that traditional apple cultivar ('Prijedorska Zelenika') had significantly higher individual phenolic compounds in pulp in comparison to the commercial cultivars, i.e., 'Idared', 'Jonagold' and 'Granny Smith' and with respect of that 'Prijedorska Zelenika' is recommended as raw material for cloudy juice processing.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

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