Conjugation and growth of Sirobasidium magnum in laboratory culture

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 411-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.W. Flegel
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Mating System ◽  
Laboratory Culture ◽  
Yeast Phase

The life cycle of the heterobasidiomycete, Sirobasidium magnum Boedijn, is described in artificial media. The haploid yeast phase, which may propagate by ballistospores, shows a modified tetrapolar mating system similar to that of Tremella Dill, ex Fr. The possible relationship to the imperfect yeasts Bullera Derx and Cryptococcus Kutzing emend. Phaff et Spencer is discussed.

Zophobas atratus (Fabricius, 1775) – new genus and species of darkling beetles (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) for the fauna of Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-24
Author(s):  
V. N. Fursov ◽  
L. S. Cherney
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Antennal Segment ◽  
Laboratory Culture ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Darkling Beetles ◽  
Zophobas Atratus ◽  
Sensory Zone ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

Darkling beetle Zophobas atratus (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) is recorded here for the first time as a new species for the fauna of Ukraine. Detailed study on morphology of preimaginal stages and biology of this species recently introduced to Ukraine, is given here. Zophobas atratus is an important species being easily reared in laboratory cultures and widely distributed in North and South America, Europe, and Asia. Detailed descriptions of all life stages, including egg, young and older larvae, pupa and adult of Z. atratus are required for further taxonomical study of the genus Zophobas, which isn’t yet definitively established. New identification keys for adults and larvae of the genera of tribe Tenebrionini are presented here, based on a comparative analysis of the taxonomic characters of adults and larvae of Z. atratus and species from the genera Tenebrio and Neatus. Comparative analysis of morphology of larva of Z. atratus and larvae of the tribe Cteniopodini of close subfamily Alleculinae was conducted here. The subfamily Alleculinae previously had the rank of family Alleculidae, but our analysis confirmed the reliability of its current taxonomic position as subfamily. The study of morphology of larvae of 1st and 2nd instars of Z. atratus revealed that they are characterized by special taxonomic structures that are not characteristic for oldest instars of larvae of Z. atratus. These characters include absence of spines on caudal segment, presence of a set of 4 setae at posterior margin of tergites of prothorax, metathorax, and 1st to 8th abdominal segments, strongly convex 2nd antennal segment and sensory zone in the form of an open ring on its apex, and etc. Moreover, structure of antenna of larvae of Z. atratus is similar to that of oldest larvae of most species of darkling beetles of the fauna of Ukraine. The most distinctive features of Z. atratus are: sexual dimorphism in structure of clypeus of adults; filiform sclerotized antenna of larva with a continuous sensory zone at apex of 2nd segment, weakly developed 3rd segment; fusion of sclerotized pleurites of 1st–8th abdominal segments with their tergites; sexual dimorphism in structure of 9th abdominal segment of pupa, and presence of two hooks on apex of its appendages. The data of original study of features of life cycle of Z. atratus are given. The pictures and photos of details of morphology of egg, larvae, pupa and adult of Z. atratus are presented. It was recored that life cycle of Z. atratus from laying of egg to the emergence of adult continues from 169 up to 181 days. Adults lived maximum up to 206 days. Maturation of eggs in female after copulation continues 10-11 days. Stage of egg continues 7 days, larva – up to 151 days, including pre-pupal period from 6 to 22 days, pupa – from 8 to 21 days. Twelve larval stages of Z. atratus were recorded in laboratory culture.

LABORATORY CULTURE AND LIFE-CYCLE EXPERIMENTS WITH THE BENTHIC AMPHIPOD MELITA PLUMULOSA (ZEIDLER)

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 2065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross V. Hyne ◽  
Sharyn A. Gale ◽  
Catherine K. King
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Laboratory Culture

The Biology of Cephalonomia waterstoni Gahan (Hym., Bethylidae), a Parasite of Laemophloeus (Col., Cucujidae)

1950 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. Finlayson
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Laboratory Culture ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Marked Preference ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
C 30 ◽  
Duration Of Development

The paper describes field and laboratory investigations on the bionomics of Cephalonomia waterstoni, a Bethylid parasite of Laemophloeus spp. A table is given in which are listed all the Bethylids attacking insect pests of stored products to which reference could be found in the literature.An infestation of Laemophloeus, associated with two “hot spots” in Manitoba wheat, which supported a large population of Cephalonomia is described.A simple technique for the laboratory culture of Cephalonomia is described.The life-cycle of C. waterstoni with Laemophloeus ferrugineus as host has been worked out.The lengths of egg, larval and cocoon (prepupal and pupal) stages at combinations of 25°C, 30°C. and 60 per cent., 80 per cent. R.H. are given. The egg and larval stages are short, lasting for about six days at 25°C. and four days at 30°C.Within the limits used, the relative humidity appears to have no effect on the duration of development at any stage. On the other hand, temperature exerts a considerable influence; the life-cycle at 30°C. is completed in two weeks but at 25°C. it takes three weeks.Again within the limits used, the mortality appears to increase with decrease in saturation deficit. Mortality ranged from 9 per cent, at S.D. 12·7 mm. to 36·5 per cent, at S.D. 5·0 mm.Without food or water at all combinations of 25–30°C. and 60–80 per cent. R.H. adults live for about four days, with a range of 0·5–9·5 days. There is no difference between the sexes. Unexplained contradictory results were obtained in two experiments.With normal or paralysed host larvae available at 30°C. and 80 per cent. R.H., males live no longer than when no food or water is available but females live for about five weeks at 25°C. and 80 per cent. R.H. and for about four weeks at 30°C. and 80 per cent. R.H.Males fed with sucrose solution at 30°C. and 80 per cent. R.H. live for several days longer than when starved : females live for the same length of time as when fed with host larvae.The pre-oviposition period at 25°C. and 80 per cent. R.H. is about five days; at 30°C. and 80 per cent. R.H. about one and a half days.Fecundity. At 25°C. and 80 per cent. R.H., Cephalonomia lays about 40 eggs on 30 host larvae : at 30°C. and 80 per cent. R.H., about 65 eggs on 40 larvae.Cephalonomia females readily oviposit on larvae that have been paralysed some time previously, and can be induced to oviposit on larvae already bearing eggs.Virgin females produce only male offspring (arrhenotoky).Eggs are laid in groups of one, two or three (rarely four) per larva. Single eggs produce mainly females ; pairs produce mainly one male and one female ; trios produce mainly one male and two females. At 25°C. and 80 per cent. R.H. more single eggs are laid than pairs ; at 30°C. and 80 per cent. R.H. more pairs are laid than singles. This results in the production of a higher proportion of females at 25°C. than at 30°C. The incidence of trios at both temperatures is low.C. waterstoni is equally viable on L. minutus, L. ferrugineus and L. turcicus but shows a marked preference for L. ferrugineus.

Colacogloea: a new genus in the auricularioid Heterobasidiomycetes

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2531-2536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Oberwinkler ◽  
Robert Bauer ◽  
Robert J. Bandoni
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Simultaneous Presence ◽  
Yeast Phase ◽  
Septal Pores ◽  
Distinguishing Features

A new genus, Colacogloea, is described in the auricularioid Heterobasidiomycetes having simple septal pores. The genus is based on Platygloea peniophorae, a mycoparasite of some Aphyllophorales species. It is a segregate from the heterogeneous Platygloea s.l. The most important distinguishing features of Colacogloea are (i) the frequently simultaneous presence of basidial and conidial stages, (ii) a dimorphic life cycle including a yeast phase, (iii) mycoparasitism by colacosomes, (iv) simple septal pores with rounded margins, but without associated electron-opaque bandings and globules, and (v) aseptate basidiospores. Key words: Heterobasidiomycetes, Platygloea, Colacogloea peniophorae, mycoparasitism, colacosomes.

scholarly journals Life cycle expression of inbreeding depression in Eucalyptus regnans and inter-generational stability of its mixed mating system

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Rod Griffin ◽  
Brad M Potts ◽  
René E Vaillancourt ◽  
J Charles Bell
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Mating System ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Mixed Mating ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Mixed Mating System ◽  
Eucalyptus Regnans

Abstract Background and Aims Many plants exhibit a mixed mating system. Published models suggest that this might be an evolutionarily stable rather than a transitional state despite the presence of inbreeding depression, but there is little empirical evidence. Through field experimentation, we studied the role of inbreeding depression in eliminating inbred progeny from the reproductive cohort of the forest tree Eucalyptus regnans, and demonstrate a stable mixed primary mating system over two successive generations. Methods Two field experiments were conducted using seed from natural populations. We sowed open-pollinated seeds to simulate a natural regeneration event and determined isozyme genotypes of dominant and suppressed individuals over 10 years. We also planted a mixture of open-pollinated, outcross and selfed families with common maternal parentage; monitored survival of cross types over 29 years; and determined the percentage of outcrosses in open-pollinated seed from a sample of reproductively mature trees using microsatellite analysis. Key Results Both experiments demonstrated progressive competitive elimination of inbred plants. By 29 years, the reproductive cohort in the planted experiment consisted only of outcrosses which produced seed which averaged 66 % outcrosses, similar to the estimate for the parental natural population (74 %). Conclusions Selective elimination of inbred genotypes during the intense intra-specific competition characteristic of the pre-reproductive phase of the life cycle of E. regnans results in a fully outcrossed reproductive population, in which self-fertility is comparable with that of its parental generation. The mixed mating system may be viewed as an unavoidable consequence of the species’ reproductive ecology, which includes the demonstrated effects of inbreeding depression, rather than a strategy which is actively favoured by natural selection.

scholarly journals Extreme cost of rivalry in a monandrous species: male–male interactions result in failure to acquire mates and reduced longevity

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1786) ◽  
pp. 20140631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Lizé ◽  
Thomas A. R. Price ◽  
Chloe Heys ◽  
Zenobia Lewis ◽  
Gregory D. D. Hurst
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Mating System ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Laboratory Culture ◽  
Female Mating ◽  
Heterospecific Male ◽  
Extreme Polyandry ◽  
Female Behaviour ◽  
Mating Biology ◽  
Mated Female

Mating system variation is profound in animals. In insects, female willingness to remate varies from mating with hundreds of males (extreme polyandry) to never remating (monandry). This variation in female behaviour is predicted to affect the pattern of selection on males, with intense pre-copulatory sexual selection under monandry compared to a mix of pre- and post-copulatory forces affecting fitness under polyandry. We tested the hypothesis that differences in female mating biology would be reflected in different costs of pre-copulatory competition between males. We observed that exposure to rival males early in life was highly costly for males of a monandrous species, but had lower costs in the polyandrous species. Males from the monandrous species housed with competitors showed reduced ability to obtain a mate and decreased longevity. These effects were specific to exposure to rivals compared with other types of social interactions (heterospecific male and mated female) and were either absent or weaker in males of the polyandrous species. We conclude that males in monandrous species suffer severe physiological costs from interactions with rivals and note the significance of male–male interactions as a source of stress in laboratory culture.

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