Light and electron microscopy localization of chloride ions in cells of Salicornia pacifica var. utahensis

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 1176-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Hess ◽  
D. J. Hansen ◽  
D. J. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Silver Chloride ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Silver Acetate ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
In Cells

Light and electron microscopy was used to determine the distribution of chloride ions in cells and tissues of Salicornia pacifica Standl, var. utahensis (Tidestrom) Munz. Chlorenchyma cells with chloroplasts around the periphery and sclereid-like cells with distinct wall thickenings which extended from the anastomosing vascular system to near the epidermis were present in the cortex. The vascular bundles or stelar strands were surrounded by several layers of large parenchyma cells. Tissues were treated with silver acetate for silver chloride precipitation. Silver chloride precipitation sites were present in all cell types. Precipitation sites were readily evident in the vacuoles but not in other organelles.

scholarly journals The Fine Structure of the Wheat Scutellum During Germination

1972 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 469 ◽  
Author(s):  
JG Swift ◽  
TP O'brien
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Cytological Evidence ◽  
Starch Grains ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Cytological Changes

The cytological changes that take place in the scutellar epithelium and parenchyma during the first 5 days of germination are described by light and electron microscopy. Within 6 hr small starch grains appear in the plastids of both cell types and the size and number of starch grains increase gradually as germination proceeds. Later in germination starch disappears again from the plastids in the epithelial cells, but large starch grains still remain in the parenchyma cells. The reserves of the protein bodies are hydrolysed and the residual vacuoles undergo extensive coales-cence. Modifications in the appearance of the wall material of the epithelial cells as these cells elongate are illustrated and possible functional bases for these changes are suggested. The cells of the scutellar epithelium show no cytological evidence for their known functions of diastase secretion and nutrient absorption.

scholarly journals Visualizing viral protein structures in cells using genetic probes for correlated light and electron microscopy

Methods ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horng D. Ou ◽  
Thomas J. Deerinck ◽  
Eric Bushong ◽  
Mark H. Ellisman ◽  
Clodagh C. O’Shea
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Viral Protein ◽  
Protein Structures ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Genetic Probes ◽  
In Cells

scholarly journals Electron Microscopy of the Bovine Cutaneous Papilloma

1966 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brobst ◽  
E.J. Hinsman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Degenerative Changes ◽  
Virus Like Particles ◽  
Cytoplasmic Vacuolation ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Prickle Cell ◽  
In Cells

Experimentally produced bovine cutaneous papillomas of 30, 76 and 112 days' duration as well as 3 naturally occurring bovine cutaneous papillomas were examined by light and electron microscopy. Degenerative changes were not observed in the fibromatous base of the 30-day-old papilloma. An alteration in all papillomas older than 30 days was cytoplasmic vacuolation in cells of the prickle cell and keratohyaline layers. As cells progressed upward their degeneration became more prominent. In the keratinized layers of 2 papillomas virus-like particles were observed within plasma membranes of keratinized cells.

scholarly journals Leaf anatomy of Cordiera sessilis (Vell.) Kuntze (RUBIACEAE)

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 355
Author(s):  
Thaiz Rodrigues Teixeira ◽  
Marlúcia Souza Pádua ◽  
Ana Hortência Fonsêca Castro
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Distal Part ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Species Recognition ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Crystal Sand

A study on the leaf anatomy of Cordiera sessilis (Rubiaceae), a native medicinal shrub from Brazilian Cerrado was carried out to identify features that may be useful in species recognition. Leaves were collected, fixed and processed by usual techniques, and studied by light and electron microscopy. Quantitative analyzes of stomata and trichomes were performed. In addition to the typical anatomical characteristics of Rubiaceae leaves, two types of vascular patterns were identified in the petiole: in distal part, the vascular system is arranged cylindrically surrounded by sclerenchyma sheath and in proximal part the vascular system is arranged in U-shape coupled to sclerified cells. The micromorphological organization of leaf surface, epicuticular wax types, the petiole pattern and histochemical characteristics as the presence of druses, crystal sand and alkaloids and absence of raphides in the mesophyll, midrib and petiole are considerate representative characteristics of C. sessilis and may be useful in the species recognition. 

scholarly journals Heterogeneous distribution of the cAMP receptor protein RII in the nervous system: evidence for its intracellular accumulation on microtubules, microtubule-organizing centers, and in the area of the Golgi complex.

1986 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
P De Camilli ◽  
M Moretti ◽  
S D Donini ◽  
U Walter ◽  
S M Lohmann
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Complex ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Regulatory Subunit ◽  
Heterogeneous Distribution ◽  
Intracellular Traffic ◽  
Camp Receptor ◽  
In Cells

The cellular and subcellular distribution of the regulatory subunit RII of cAMP-dependent protein kinase was studied by light and electron microscopy immunocytochemistry in tissue sections from rat brain and in primary cultures of brain cells. RII immunoreactivity was present in most neurons, although at variable concentration. In addition, RII was also detectable in other cell types including glia, neuroepithelial cells, and cells of mesenchymal origin. In the cell cytoplasm, RII immunoreactivity was concentrated at certain sites. An accumulation of RII immunoreactivity was found in all RII-positive cells at the Golgi area, precisely at a region directly adjacent to one of the two major faces of the Golgi complex. RII was also highly concentrated in some microtubule-rich cell processes such as cilia and neuronal dendrites, but was below detectability in most axons. In neurons, its concentration in dendrites is consistent with the previously demonstrated high affinity interaction between RII and the dendritic microtubule-associated protein 2. In addition, RII was accumulated at basal bodies of cilia and at centrosomes, i.e., sites known to act as microtubule organizers. RII-labeled centrosomes, however, were visible only in cells where the Golgi complex had a pericentrosomal organization, and not in cells where the Golgi complex was perinuclear such as in neurons and glia in situ. We hypothesize that centrosomal RII is bound to the pericentriolar microtubule-organizing material and that this material remains associated with the trans region of the Golgi complex when the latter is no longer associated with the centrosome. Our results suggest a key but not obligatory role of cAMP in the Golgi-centrosomal area, the headquarters of cell polarity, mobility and intracellular traffic, and in the function of a subpopulation of microtubules.

scholarly journals The Culture and Correlative Electron Microscopy of Pollen Mother Cells in Meiosis: Development of Techniques and Some Observations on Selected Topics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kenneth George Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Pollen Mother Cells ◽  
Spindle Elongation ◽  
Mother Cells ◽  
Metaphase I

<p>Reliable techniques for the living cell culture and correlative light and electron microscopy (EM) of meiotic pollen mother cells (PMCs) of Iris spuria, Allium triquetrum and Tradescantia flumenensis are described in detail. Living PMCs were successfully cultured in a slide chamber on agar/sucrose medium. Cells were covered with an inert oil to prevent their dehydration, and some cells were cultured from metaphase I to tetrad cell formation over a 20 hour period. Other PMCs were fixed with glutaraldehyde and flat embedded using a modification of the agar sandwich technique of Mole-Bajer and Bajer (1968). This technique was developed to permit the preselection of PMCs at known meiotic stages, for subsequent EM examination. Serial thin sections were cut at known planes of section; and 3-D reconstructions of MT distribution, and MT counts from transverse sections were completed. It was also possible to examine sections of an Iris anaphase I PMC which had been previously studied in life. Anaphase I and II chromosome velocities were analysed in the three species. Mean velocities were approximately 0.5 mu m/min with some variation from cell to cell and between sister half-spindles. In Allium anaphase I there was also variation in chromosome velocity within the half-spindle; and this variation was found not to be related to chromosome position on the metaphase I plate. Spindle elongation was zero in Allium anaphase I and in Iris anaphase II, but was detectable in Allium anaphase II (40%) and in "Iris anaphase I (l5%). The extent of spindle elongation in Tradescantia could not be determined. The kinetochore region in the first meiotic division consisted of two closely appressed, but structurally (and functionally) distinct, sister kinetochores. At meiosis II, the two sister kinetochores were separate from each other and faced opposite poles. The kinetochore arrangement probably changes from side-by-side (meiosis I) to back-to-back (meiosis II) during chromosome recondensation at prophase II in these cells. Bundles of non-kinetochore microtubules (nkMTs) span the interzone between sister chromosome units at metaphase I and II and anaphase II. Bundles of kinetochore MTs (kMTs) do not increase in divergence at any stage of meiosis studied; there was little interaction between nkMTs and kMTs, and MT-MT cross bridges were rare. These observations are not consistent with models of chromosome movement based on MT sliding or zipping. No relationship was found between nkMT distribution and spindle elongation, and the several different nkMT distributions which have been reported for other cell types may be variations on a structural theme. Spindle endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in meiosis II was found to be derived largely from invaginations and evaginations of the nuclear envelope. Growth of existing spindle ER was proposed to account for the doubling in the amount of ER observed between interphase and prometaphase II. Randomly oriented elements of ER, in early prometaphase II spindles may become passively aligned along the interpolar axis and then actively transported polewards at later stages of prometaphase II and metaphase II. Suggestions for future research are offered.</p>

scholarly journals Automatic whole cell organelle segmentation in volumetric electron microscopy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Heinrich ◽  
Davis Bennett ◽  
David Ackerman ◽  
Woohyun Park ◽  
John Bogovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Computer Code ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Organelle ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Macromolecular Assemblies

Cells contain hundreds of different organelle and macromolecular assemblies intricately organized relative to each other to meet any cellular demands. Obtaining a complete understanding of their organization is challenging and requires nanometer-level, threedimensional reconstruction of whole cells. Even then, the immense size of datasets and large number of structures to be characterized requires generalizable, automatic methods. To meet this challenge, we developed an analysis pipeline for comprehensively reconstructing and analyzing the cellular organelles in entire cells imaged by focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) at a near-isotropic size of 4 or 8 nm per voxel. The pipeline involved deep learning architectures trained on diverse samples for automatic reconstruction of 35 different cellular organelle classes - ranging from endoplasmic reticulum to microtubules to ribosomes - from multiple cell types.Automatic reconstructions were used to directly quantify various previously inaccessible metrics about these structures, including their spatial interactions. We show that automatic organelle reconstructions can also be used to automatically register light and electron microscopy images for correlative studies. We created an open data and open source web repository, OpenOrganelle, to share the data, computer code, and trained models, enabling scientists everywhere to query and further reconstruct the datasets.

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