Ultrastructure of wilt syndrome caused by Verticillium dahliae. I. In chrysanthemum leaves

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 901-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Robb ◽  
Lloyd Busch ◽  
B. C. Lu
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Xylem Parenchyma ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Fibrillar Material ◽  
Foliar Symptoms ◽  
Leaf Mesophyll ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cytological Changes ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae Kleb

Ultrastructural changes occurred in chrysanthemum leaves infected by Verticillium dahliae Kleb. before and after the appearance of foliar symptoms. Before visual symptoms appeared, xylem vessels in the leaves contained large amounts of fungus and fibrillar material; by the time wilting occurred many vessels, particularly at the vein ends, were occluded by electron-dense plugs and swollen gelated vessel walls. Some of the chloroplasts in the mesophyll cells had started to degenerate before the first signs of flaccidity were noticeable, but other cytological changes were minimal until chlorosis occurred, at which time the xylem parenchyma had collapsed. Since plugging of leaf vessels preceded wilt and wilt preceded major ultrastructural changes in leaf mesophyll cells, we suggest that plugging of the xylem vessels is the major factor in inducing wilt in Verticillium-infected chrysanthemum.

Ultrastructure of wilt syndrome caused by Verticillium dahliae. II. In sunflower leaves

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (23) ◽  
pp. 2725-2739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Robb ◽  
Lloyd Busch ◽  
Jean D. Brisson ◽  
B. C. Lu
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Degenerative Changes ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Foliar Symptoms ◽  
Leaf Mesophyll ◽  
Mesophyll Tissue ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae Kleb ◽  
Made In

Ultrastructural changes occurred in sunflower leaves that were infected by Verticillium dahliae Kleb. during the appearance of foliar symptoms. Early in symptom development major degenerative changes took place in the leaf mesophyll tissue particularly in the vicinity of the xylem of the major veins. During these early stages vessel wall breakdown occurred in the vicinity of the fungus, but this degradation was not accompanied by swelling. Occlusion of the vessel elements by fungus, fibrillar material, or electron-dense plugs was not significant until late in disease development. Comparison of these observations with those that were made in a previous parallel study of Verticillium-infected chrysanthemum suggested that the ultrastructural changes induced by the fungus in the two hosts are similar but that the timing is different. In chrysanthemum, degenerative changes in the mesophyll are not extensive until after chlorosis, but vessel blockage is advanced before wilting is noticeable. The significance of this difference in the development of foliar symptoms is discussed in relation to the plugging and toxin theories of wilt induction in fungus-caused vascular diseases.

scholarly journals Morphological and Ultrastructural Changes of Organelles in Leaf Mesophyll Cells of the Arctic and Antarctic Plants of Poaceae Family Under Cold Influence

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Giełwanowska ◽  
Marta Pastorczyk ◽  
Wioleta Kellmann-Sopyła ◽  
Dorota Górniak ◽  
Ryszard J. Górecki
Keyword(s):  
The Arctic ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Antarctic Plants ◽  
Leaf Mesophyll ◽  
Poaceae Family

Ultrastructural changes associated with induced systemic resistance of cucumber to disease: host response and development of Colletotrichum lagenarium in systemically protected leaves

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1028-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. L. Xuei ◽  
U. Järlfors ◽  
J. Kuć
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Induced Systemic Resistance ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Before And After

Systemic resistance to anthracnose caused by Colletotricum lagenarium was induced in cucumber by inoculation with fungal conidia. Control and immunized leaves were examined by both light and electron microscopy before and after subsequent challenge with the fungus. Penetration through the epidermal wall was evident 36 h after challenge and was followed by hyphal proliferation and host-cell destruction in control tissues. Penetration was rarely seen in immunized tissues before 72 h, but at 24 h, invaginations of the appressorial wall were observed, as well as highly electron opaque epidermal walls beneath the appressoria. At 72 h, thin penetration pegs were seen within the dense host wall, and at 96 h, the peg was embedded within the underlying papilla and aggregates of callose-like material. Penetration through the epidermis was rare in immunized tissue, but when it was observed, development appeared to be similar to that in control leaves. Evidence is presented to show that ultra-structural changes in immunized tissues as well as in the fungus occur within 24 h after challenge of the host. There appears to be a correlation between the comparatively few lesions observed macroscopically in immunized leaves and the sparsity of successful penetrations into host mesophyll cells.

Ultrastructure and Senescence in an Achloroplastic Mutant of Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Dyan

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 844-845
Author(s):  
R.H.M. Cross ◽  
C.E.J. Botha ◽  
A.K. Cowan ◽  
B.J. Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Lethal Mutant ◽  
Cytoplasmic Matrix ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Pinocytotic Vesicles

Senescence is an ordered degenerative process leading to death of individual cells, organs and organisms. The detection of a conditional lethal mutant (achloroplastic) of Hordeum vulgare has enabled us to investigate ultrastructural changes occurring in leaf tissue during foliar senescence.Examination of the tonoplast structure in six and 14 day-old mutant tissue revealed a progressive degeneration and disappearance of the membrane, apparently starting by day six in the vicinity of the mitochondria associated with the degenerating proplastid (Fig. 1.) where neither of the plastid membrane leaflets is evident (arrows, Fig. 1.). At this stage there was evidence that the mitochondrial membranes were undergoing retrogressive changes, coupled with disorganization of cristae (Fig. 2.). Proplastids (P) lack definitive prolamellar bodies. The cytoplasmic matrix is largely agranular, with few endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisternae or polyribosomal aggregates. Interestingly, large numbers of actively-budding dictysomes, associated with pinocytotic vesicles, were observed in close proximity to the plasmalemma of mesophyll cells (Fig. 3.). By day 14 however, mesophyll cells showed almost complete breakdown of subcellular organelle structure (Fig. 4.), and further evidence for the breakdown of the tonoplast. The final stage of senescence is characterized by the solubilization of the cell wall due to expression and activity of polygalacturonase and/or cellulose. The presence of dictyosomes with associated pinocytotic vesicles formed from the mature face, in close proximity to both the plasmalemma and the cell wall, would appear to support the model proposed by Christopherson for the secretion of cellulase. This pathway of synthesis is typical for secretory glycoproteins.

Phytotoxicity of Verticillium dahliae Kleb. on sunflower sprouts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Vypritskaya ◽  
◽  
A.A. Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
The Family ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae Kleb

Data on the prevalence in the Tambov region of the pathogen Verticillium dahliae Kleb (Verticillium dahliae) and the phytotoxicity of filtrates of the pathogen isolated from sunflower and a wild weed of the family of compound flowers (Xantium strumarium) are presented.

STRUCTURAL-FUNCTIONAL PECULIARITIES OF LEAF MESOPHYLL CELLS OF TRITICUM AESTIVUM CULTIVARS WITH DIFFERENT COLD/HEAT TOLERANCE UNDER SHORT-TERM TEMPERATURE STRESSES

Tsitologiya ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Babenko ◽  
◽  
N. N. Scherbatiuk ◽  
D. A. Klimchuk ◽  
I. V. Kosakovskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Temperature Stresses ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Leaf Mesophyll

Water transport in porous hydrogel structures analogous to leaf mesophyll cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 775-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Joon Lee ◽  
Hyejeong Kim ◽  
Sungsook Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Water Transport ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Leaf Mesophyll ◽  
Porous Hydrogel

Interaction of Meloidogyne hapla and Verticillium dahliae, and the chemical control of wilt in strawberry

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (45) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
JW Meagher ◽  
PT Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Soil Fumigation ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Methyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae Kleb

In a field experiment with strawberries, pre-plant treatments with broad-spectrum fumigants methyl bromide-chloropicrin (450 kg/ha) or methyl isothiocyanate-dichloropropene (500 l/ha) (and 300 l/ha) controlled wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae Kleb and resulted in increased yields. Soil fumigation with the nematicide ethylene dibromidz (105 l/ha) also improved yields. It controlled the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood), delayed the onset of wilt symptoms and reduced the severity of disease. This indicated a nematode-fungus interaction and is the first report of a Meloidogyne-Verticillium interaction in strawberry.

First report of Verticillium dahliae Kleb. causing wilt symptoms in canola (Brassica napus L.) in North America

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 514-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheau-Fang Hwang ◽  
Stephen E. Strelkov ◽  
Hafiz U. Ahmed ◽  
Qixing Zhou ◽  
Heting Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
North America ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
First Report ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae Kleb
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