Ecology of Endogone in Lake Huron sand dunes

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Koske ◽  
J. C. Sutton ◽  
B. R. Sheppard
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Dune Sand ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Dune Stabilization ◽  
External Mycelium ◽  
Organic Particles

Grasses and herbs in the sand dunes of the eastern shores of Lake Huron were heavily colonized by the endomycorrhizal fungus Endogone. The fungus produced an extensive external mycelium in the dune sand. Numerous sand grains were firmly bound to the external mycelium, which was of structural importance in sand aggregates and was implicated as an important factor in dune stabilization. Sand aggregates constituted about 5 to 9% of the dry weight of sand collected from the surface 30 cm of the dunes. The weight of sand aggregates per kilogram of dune sand increased from 0.9 g to 25 g and 127 g after one and two crops, respectively, of mycorrhizal Phaseolus vulgaris L. grown in pots in a controlled environment. The increased aggregation was attributed largely to the binding of sand grains to a proliferated mycelium of Endogone. Organic fragments in the dune sand were colonized frequently by Endogone. Spores and spore-like bodies were numerous in many organic particles, which were sources of viable inoculum of Endogone. Five types of Endogone spores were found in the dune sand.

Direct observation of fungal aggregates in sand dune soil

1978 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Clough ◽  
J. C. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Sand Dune ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
External Mycelium ◽  
Grass Hosts ◽  
Dune Soil ◽  
Scanning Electron

The mycorrhizal fungus Glomus in association with bean hosts, Phaseolus vulgaris L., growing in pot cultures and grass hosts, Calamovilfa longiflora (Hook.) Scribn and Andropogon sp. growing on Lake Huron sand dunes produced extensive external mycelium. This mycelium was the dominant factor in the aggregation of soil particles. Light and scanning electron microscope studies indicated that the sand grains were attached to the hyphae. An amorphous deposit was often present at the interfaces of sand grains and hyphae. It appeared to act as an adhesive. Staining procedures indicated that this material contained polysaccharide. Other microorganisms were observed in association with the Glomus hyphae and the amorphous deposits.

scholarly journals Influence of boron on growth and mineral composition of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 309-318
Author(s):  
I. P. Oliveira ◽  
E. Malavolta
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Boron Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
Differential Behaviour ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Nine cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris L. were grown in nutrient solution to study the effect of boron on growth and mineral composition. Data obtained in thie study allowed for the following conclusions: (1) high levels of boron affected plant height, root length, dry weight of tops, dry weight of root, and total dry weight; (2) regression analysis was used to point out differential behaviour among cultivars in relation to boron concentration in nutrient solution; (3) the best mineral concentration in the plant tissue was obtained with application of 0,5 ppm of boron in the nutrient solution.

Flower and pod production at various nodes of Phaseolus vulgaris L.

1986 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. O. Tayo
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Flower Opening ◽  
Slow Growth Rate ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Pod Development ◽  
Significant Depression ◽  
Organ Removal ◽  
Pod Growth

SUMMARYIn a glasshouse study, the pattern of flower and pod production at the various flowering nodes of Phaseolus vulgaris (cv. 344) was mapped out. Soft X-radiation techniques were also used to study the development of retained and abscissed pods at the various nodes while varying levels of flower or pod removal were used to study the modification to pod development at each flowering node following organ removal.The period of flower opening over the whole plant spanned an average of 12 days and 90% of the pods retained to maturity were formed from flowers opened within 4 days of anthesis. The terminal inflorescence produced most of the flowers on the plant (25%), but nodes 2 and 3 developed the bulk (50%) of the pods retained. Only 30% of the open flowers on the plant formed pods that were retained to maturity.Pod elongation was initially very rapid in the pods to be retained, following successful fertilization, with the latter period of pod growth devoted almost entirely to seedfilling. A slow growth rate characterizes the development of abscission in Phaseolus pods and the number of seeds per pod is determined later in pod growth.Flower or pod removal prolonged flowering and led to longer leaf retention and more branches on the main stem. The number of mature pods was lower on the treated plants and the more severe the removal the larger were these treatment effects. Plants compensated for fewer pods by having more seeds per pod but these were not enough to prevent significant depression of seed dry weight per plant by the most severe removals. Flower or pod removal led to a shift of emphasis in pod production by the plant from nodes 2 and 3 to other areas of the plant where natural wastage of flower and young pods is high.

GROWTH OF BEAN ACCESSIONS AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. FREYMAN ◽  
G. A. KEMP ◽  
D. B. WILSON
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
Bean Cultivar ◽  
Commercial Cultivars

Growth and rates of photosynthesis of two accessions and two cultivars (Great Northern 1140 and Sutter Pink) of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were compared at 10, 15, and 23 °C in a controlled environment cabinet. The leaf area, dry matter, and rate of total apparent photosynthesis of one of the accessions was significantly higher after growth for 13 days at 10 °C than that of the commercial cultivars. This advantage was not maintained at 23 °C. In another experiment, growth of the same four cultivars was compared at light/dark temperatures of 10/10, 15/12, and 23/18 °C. The two accessions established a higher leaf area and accumulated more dry matter at the cooler temperatures than the commercial cultivars, but lost this advantage at the highest temperatures. In a field trial, the accessions had a similar rapid early growth but fell behind later in the season. Ideally, a bean cultivar for the Canadian prairie should incorporate the accession’s ability for rapid growth and leaf expansion at cool temperatures with a growth rate during mid-summer comparable to that of Great Northern 1140.

scholarly journals Seed quality enhancement through biopriming in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris. L)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1740-1743
Author(s):  
S. P. Monalisa ◽  
J. K. Beura ◽  
R. K. Tarai ◽  
M. Naik
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Quality Enhancement ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Vigour Index

An experiment on seed quality enhancement of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) var. S 9 (local) was conducted at the department of seed science and technology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar during 2013-14 by use of three biocontrol agents viz. Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma harzianum, Pseudomonas fluorescence. Seeds were bi-oprimed with the biocontrol agents at 40, 50 and 60 % concentration for 4,8,12 and 16 hours of soaking. Seeds were also hydro primed for 4,8,12 and 16 hours. Unprimed dry seed resulted in germination (69 %), shoot length (27.5 cm), root length (14 cm), seedling dry weight (1.71g), SVI-I (2859.2), SVI-II (118.0) and speed of germination (5.8) while hydro primed seeds resulted in germination (72%), shoot length (31.9 cm), root length (15 cm), seedling dry weight (1.80 g), SVI-1 (3375.9) SVI-II (129.8) and speed of germination (6.7). Trichoderma harzianum at 40% con-centration and for 4 hours of soaking resulted enhancement of above quality parameter like 13.0 % in germination, 21.1 % in shoot length, 20.7 % in root length, 31.6 % in seedling dry weight, 36 % in seedling vigour index-I, 48.1 % in seedling vigour index-II and 58.6 % in speed of germination over unprimed seeds. Bio priming with P. fluorescence ( at 40% concentration and for 4 hour) closely followed and at par with best treatment with 11.6 %, 18.2 %, 16.4 %, 30.4 %, 30.7 % and 56.9 % enhancement of above mentioned quality parameters, respectively.

scholarly journals Influence of aluminum on growth and mineral composition of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-344
Author(s):  
I.P. Oliveira ◽  
E. Malavolta
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Aluminum Concentration ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Seven cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris L. were grown in nutrient solution in the presence and absence of aluminum. Da ta obtained herewith allowed for the following conclusions to be drawn: (1) plant height, root lenght and total dry weight decreased with increase of aluminum levels in the nutrient solution; (2) aluminum concentration in plant tissue increased with higher levels of aluminum in the substrate; decreases pf calcium and magnesium concentration in the dry matter in the presence of higher aluminum concentration in the nutrient solution were observed.

Essential Elements in Dry and Canned Kidney Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

1988 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTHONY LOPEZ ◽  
HARRIET L. WILLIAMS
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Kidney Beans ◽  
Significant Difference

Ten essential mineral elements were determined in dry and in canned kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Samples were taken at different stages during the canning process to determine where changes in element content occurred. Canned kidney beans contained significantly lower concentrations of iron, magnesium, manganese, potassium, and zinc than dry kidney beans, on a dry weight basis. These decreases were probably caused by the elements being extracted out during soaking and blanching of the kidney beans and/or during the actual thermal processing where elements were extracted into the can liquid. There was a significant increase in calcium in the canned product and no significant difference in copper and phosphorus contents between the dry and canned products. Chloride and sodium content in canned kidney beans increased due to the sodium chloride content of the filling medium, and their concentrations varied depending on the concentration of the medium used. Retention of all elements, except chloride and sodium, ranged from 61 to 117% on a dry weight basis and from 19 to 36% on wet weight basis, retention being defined as the ratio of content in the canned to that in the dry product as received at the plant.

ORGANIC VERSUS SYNTHETIC FERTILISATION OF BEANS (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.) IN MEXICO

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
ADOLFO DAGOBERTO ARMENTA-BOJÓRQUEZ ◽  
HUGO RUBILI ROBLERO-RAMÍREZ ◽  
JESÚS RICARDO CAMACHO-BÁEZ ◽  
MANUEL MUNDO-OCAMPO ◽  
CIPRIANO GARCÍA-GUTIÉRREZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Nitrogen Fixer ◽  
Northern Mexico ◽  
Bean Crop

SUMMARYPhaseolus vulgaris is considered an inefficient nitrogen fixer, and therefore farmers in Mexico use large quantities of synthetic nitrogen fertilisers. The aim of this research was to evaluate the performance of native isolates of Rhizobium spp. and Bacillus spp. as biological fertilisers in northern Mexico. A first test was carried out under greenhouse conditions to analyse 15 native isolates of Rhizobium and 15 native isolates of Bacillus. Based on their effects on the bean crop, the best treatments were tested under field conditions. In the field, the combination of Rhizobium and Bacillus (Rz + Bs) produced the highest grain yield, biomass production, number of nodules per plant and dry weight of nodules, statistically surpassing (p ≤ 0.05) the control (without inoculation and fertilisation). Furthermore, compared with synthetic fertilisation, no statistical differences were found, which suggests that the combination Rz + Bs can replace synthetic fertilisation.

scholarly journals Physiological disturbances promoted by ozone in five cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris L.

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia C. Clebsch ◽  
Armando M. Divan Junior ◽  
Paulo L. Oliveira ◽  
Márcio Nicolau
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Conclusive Data

Bean seedlings of Fepagro 26, Guapo Brilhante, Iraí, Macotaço and US Pinto 111 cultivars were submitted to treatments with or without addition of ozone to the ambient air, in order to evaluate the effects of exposure on photosynthesis, relative electrolyte leakage, foliar abscission and biomass of the seedlings. Exposure to ozone caused significant decreases in the net assimilation of all cultivars except Iraí. It also caused a significant increase in electrolyte leakage from the Pinto cultivar, but only when AOT40 was the highest. It also produced significant anticipation in the time of foliar abscission in the Pinto, Fepagro and Guapo cultivars. The variability observed in the biomass measurements reflected the limitations to perform long-term controlled-environment studies, one of the major challengers yet to be overcome in order to obtain more conclusive data on damages induced on crop species resulting from tropospheric ozone enrichment.

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