Distribution of 14C-labeled metabolites in mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal lodgepole pine seedlings

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1029-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Ahrens ◽  
C. P. P. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Axenic Culture ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Radioactivity ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Carbohydrate Levels ◽  
Soluble Fractions

Four days after 14CO2 assimilation, the distribution of 14C-labeled metabolites in mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal pine seedlings was investigated by use of autoradiography, thin-layer chromatography, and liquid scintillation techniques. Mycorrhizal formation was accomplished by growing the lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.) seedlings in axenic culture with the fungal symbionts Thelephora terrestris (Ehrh.) Fr., Cenococcum graniforme (Sow.) Ferd. and Winge, and Rhizopogon vinicolor A. H. Smith.Although no significant differences between ectomycorrhizal and uninfected pines were found in the distribution of 14C-labeled metabolites after seedling harvest, important trends were noted in both seedling types with respect to the 14C distribution. Total radioactivity within both mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal seedlings was highly correlated with shoot dry weight. Most activity was present in ethanol-soluble fractions. The percentage of activity in ethanol-soluble fractions was greater in roots than shoots. Sugars formed the greatest percentage of the labeled, ethanol-soluble fractions, with sucrose the most common. The roots of all plants analyzed had higher percentages of sucrose and lower percentages of hexoses than did the shoots. Of the hexoses, glucose was more prominent in the shoots and fructose more prominent in the roots of both types of seedlings. Greater quantities of 14C-labeled organic acids and amino acids were found in the shoots than in roots. Both mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal plants had similar mean 14C activities in root exudate fractions collected in distilled water. This activity was not correlated with root dry weight or 14C activity within the plant.There was no evidence to support the hypothesis that mycorrhizal development promotes increased translocation of assimilates to the roots or results in increased soluble carbohydrate levels.

GROWTH, METABOLIC COMPONENTS AND DROUGHT SURVIVAL OF LODGEPOLE PINE SEEDLINGS AT THREE NITRATE LEVELS

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold M. Etter
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Nitrate Level ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Nitrate Supply ◽  
Drought Survival ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia) seedlings were grown for six weeks in a controlled environment using nutrient solutions containing 0.4, 4.0 or 8.0 meq/liter nitrate-N. Increased nitrate supply resulted in plants with smaller root/leaf weight ratios and higher moisture contents in the leaves. Increased nitrate also brought about decreases in the soluble carbohydrate and starch contents of the leaves and roots; these changes were associated with higher amino-N and insoluble protein contents, especially in the leaves, but lower soluble protein contents. The results support the hypothesis that increasing the nitrate supply altered the metabolism of the seedlings by increasing the competition for reductant in the plants.Drought survival was assessed by the extent of new root growth following a period of drought and recovery. Seedlings grown at the highest nitrate level had the lowest survival when the three treatments were held without watering for a two-week period. However, nitrate level altered drought survival less if the three treatments were stressed to the same final moisture content in the growth medium.

The Effect of Rooting Volume on the Early Growth of Lodgepole Pine Seedlings

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Endean ◽  
L. W. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Pronounced Effect ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Pine Seedlings

Lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) seedlings were germinated and grown for 20 weeks in containers with volumes ranging from 10 to 524 cm3 (0.6 to 32.0 in.3). Containers for four of seven volumes were constructed in three different ratios of height:diameter (1:1,3:1, and 6:1), with the remaining three volumes at 3:1. Rooting volume had a pronounced effect on dry weight and shoot length between 8 and 20 weeks. Rooting intensity was inversely correlated with shoot dry weight and a restricting intensity of about 0.45 mg/cm3 is suggested. Configuration of the container had no effect on dry weight or shoot length.

The relationship between multiple leaders and mechanical and frost damage to the apical meristem of Scots pine seedlings

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarmo K. Holopainen
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Frost Injury ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Multiple Leaders

The responses of young Scots pine seedlings to mechanical apical meristem damage before and after 4 nights exposure to minimum night temperatures of −2.2 and −6.7 °C in controlled environment growth chambers were compared with control seedlings that were subjected or not to apical meristem damage and exposed to a minimum night temperature of 12 °C. The feeding damage caused by Lygus bugs was simulated by piercing the apical meristem of young pine seedlings with a hypodermic syringe needle and injecting a small drop of distilled water into the wound. At −6.7 °C increased numbers of dead seedlings were found. The proportion of seedlings with multiple leaders greatly increased after piercing, and about half of the seedlings subjected to the apical meristem damage had multiple leaders. The proportion of seedlings with multiple leaders and the number of leader shoots per seedling did not differ among seedlings subjected to apical meristem damage before or after the frost exposure. Short and twisted primary needles occurred in the basal parts of the new shoots in the seedlings with multiple leaders. Seedlings with necrotic needles were most often found after exposure to the night temperature of −6.7 °C. Shoot dry weight and length were significantly lower in seedlings subjected to apical meristem damage after frost exposure than in seedlings subjected to apical meristem damage before frost exposure or to no frost exposure. The results suggest that an increased reduction in growth is to be expected if Lygus bug attacks occur on pine seedlings that already suffer from frost injury.

Soil nitrogen and lodgepole pine seedling responses to five years of legume cover

1998 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 578-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Kranabetter ◽  
R. Trowbridge
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
Total N ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Key Words Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Key Words Nitrogen

Legumes were tested for their ability to increase soil N content and improve growth of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.) seedlings in west-central British Columbia. A trial with alsike clover at varying densities were tested at one site, while three legume species (alsike clover, birdsfoot trefoil, and white clover) were tested on a second site. After five years of legume cover, mineralizable N mass of the forest floor were 0.5 to 4.5 times those of controls. Total N of the forest floor more than doubled in the seeding density study compared with controls, but was insignificant in the multiple species study. Despite observed increases in soil nitrogen, lodgepole pine growth was not enhanced by the legume treatments. Factors such as N immobilization, root distribution, low S levels, and competition for B may have limited the response of lodgepole pine seedlings to additions of biologically fixed-N. Key words: nitrogen-fixation, legumes, lodgepole pine, soil nitrogen

Biotrophic associations between lodgepole pine seedlings and postfire ascomycetes (Pezizales) in monoxenic culture

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 2719-2725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith N. Egger ◽  
J. W. Paden
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Vascular Cylinder ◽  
Limited Capacity ◽  
Monoxenic Culture ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Sphaerosporella Brunnea ◽  
Pathogenic Infection

Twenty-two species of postfire ascomycetes belonging to the order Pezizales were screened for biotrophic interactions with roots of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.). Biotrophic associations ranged from pathogenicity to mycorrhizal symbiosis, but most species tested did not show any affinity for roots. Pyropyxis rubra (Peck) Egger and Rhizina undulata Fr. were aggressive pathogens that infected the vascular cylinder and killed the seedlings. Tricharina praecox (Karst.) Dennis var. intermedia Egger, Yang & Korf also had some ability to infect the vascular cylinder, but usually did not kill the seedlings. Geopyxis carbonaria (A. & S.) Sacc. and Trichophaea hemisphaerioides (Mont.) Graddon invaded the cortex, forming complex intracellular structures, but did not penetrate the vascular cylinder. They may form mutualistic associations under certain conditions. The only confirmed mutualistic species was Sphaerosporella brunnea (A. & S.) Svrcek & Kubicka, which formed ectendomycorrhizae. Anthracobia maurilabra (Cooke) Boud. and A. tristis (Bomm., Rouss. & Sacc.) Boud. appear to be primarily root-surface inhabitants with limited capacity to infect cortical tissues through breaks in the epidermis. Gyromitra infula (Schaef.) Quél. penetrated the epidermis but was unable to overcome host defences against pathogenic infection.

The growth of lodgepole pine seedlings raised under clear polythene cloches at five seedbed densities

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-428
Author(s):  
S. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Foliage Weight

The components of shoot growth and dry matter production in 1 + 0 lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. ex Loud. spp. contorta) seedlings raised under clear polythene cloches for 12 weeks at five seedbed densities (180–720 plants/m2) were studied. The greater plant height found at the highest seedbed density was the result of increased stem unit length, not increased number of stem units. The increase in plant dry weight as seedbed density decreased was largely due to greater dry weight of roots, branchwood, and branch foliage, and not to increases in stemwood and stem foliage weight. Seedbed densities of less than 460 seedlings/m2 are required to produce yields of suitably sturdy seedlings in excess of 50% of the crop.

scholarly journals (295) Relationship Between Macromolecule and Metal Ion Accumulation in Two Salt-stressed Cultivars of Sweetpotato under In Vitro Conditions

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1079A-1079
Author(s):  
Devi Prasad V. Potluri
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Sodium Accumulation ◽  
Carbohydrate Levels

Two cultivars of sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.], Commensal and Salyboro, were subjected to salt stress using axillary bud cultures. The salt levels ranged from 0–150 mM. After 10 weeks of growth, plantlet shoot height, dry weight, number of nodes, levels of proline, soluble carbohydrate, and protein; and metal ions sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium, were measured. In both cultivars, proline accumulation was higher in the shoot. There was a positive correlation between the increase in soluble carbohydrates and proteins in `Commnesal', but not in `Salyboro'. More sodium accumulated in the shoots of `Salyboro' compared to `Commensal'. The accumulation of sodium reduced the calcium and potassium, but not magnesium levels. Increase in sodium levels correlated with the increase in soluble carbohydrate levels is `Salyboro', but not in `Commensal'. A similar trend was evident with praline and sodium accumulation. Based on these and previous results, the cultivar `Salyboro' appears to be more susceptible to salt stress.

The effect of wrenching on morphology and field performance of Douglas fir and loblolly pine seedlings

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuomi Tanaka ◽  
J. D. Walstad ◽  
J. E. Borrecco
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Second Year

Second-year Douglas fir and 1st-year loblolly pine nursery stock were undercut and wrenched while actively growing in nursery beds. Their morphology and field performance were compared with Douglas fir seedlings that had been undercut only and with loblolly pine seedlings that had been left intact.The treatment produced shorter, thinner-stemmed loblolly pine seedlings with reduced shoot dry weight. Height, diameter, and shoot dry weight of Douglas fir seedlings were virtually unaffected, but root dry weight was increased substantially. Development of fibrous lateral roots was stimulated in both species. As a consequence, shoot–root ratios were considerably improved, and the seedlings were better conditioned to withstand outplanting. On droughty sites, field survival of Douglas fir was increased by 20 percentage points and loblolly pine by 30 percentage points. Wrenching also extended by several weeks the fall and spring planting periods for loblolly pine and the fall planting period for Douglas fir.

Root growth of containerized lodgepole pine seedlings in response to Ascophyllum nodosum extract application during nursery culture

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 1207-1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne E. MacDonald ◽  
Jen Hacking ◽  
Yuhui Weng ◽  
Jeff Norrie
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root System ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Marine Alga ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Ascophyllum Nodosum ◽  
Control Applications ◽  
Nursery Culture ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Spring Planting

MacDonald, J. E., Hacking, J., Weng, Y. and Norrie, J. 2012. Root growth of containerized lodgepole pine seedlings in response to Ascophyllum nodosum extract application during nursery culture. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 1207–1212. Vigorous root growth immediately after spring planting is crucial to ensure a well-developed root system before the occurrence of drought events associated with climate change. The objective of this study was to enhance spring root growth of containerized lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) seedlings. Seedling culture began in April. In September, seedlings were root drenched with an extract of the brown marine alga Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) Le Jolis in finisher fertilizer at rates of 1:750, 1:500, and 1:250. Finisher fertilizer alone served as control. Applications were made three or six times. Seedling culture continued until lifting in December, and then seedlings were freezer stored. Frequency of application had no effect on root growth, whereas rate of application had a significant effect. Compared with control, the 1:750, 1:500, and 1:250 rates significantly reduced total length of the root system in mid October. After overwintering and growing under favorable environmental conditions for 21 d, the 1:500 rate significantly increased the total number of white roots, as well as the number of both short and long white roots. These results suggest that application of Ascophyllum nodosum extract may be a valuable nursery practice to increase spring root growth, thereby enhancing drought resistance.

scholarly journals Lodgepole Pine and White Spruce Establishment After Glyphosate and Fertilizer Treatments of Grassy Cutover Forest Land.

1979 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 102-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Blackmore ◽  
Wm. G. Corns
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Calamagrostis Canadensis ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
One Year ◽  
Spring Planting

Perennial herbaceous vegetation, mainly marsh reed grass, (Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx) Beauv.), was sprayed with glyphosate on the day before planting one-year-old plugs of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) on cutover forest land north of Edson, Alberta. Spraying at 4.5 kg ai/ha, included spot and strip applications in June 1976, compared with unsprayed scalps and controls. At the same time, all treatments were repeated plus a 9 g, 22-8-2 fertilizer tablet for each seedling. Another experiment at the same site, begun on August 1, 1976, compared scalp, unfertilized control and glyphosate strip treatments, followed by planting of pine seedlings the day after spraying 4.5 kg ai/ha glyphosate. An adjacent experiment, also commenced on August 1, included dosages of 1.1 to 5.6 kg ai/ha with planting of pine seedlings in 4.5 kg/ha and in control plots in May 1977. August application of 2.2 kg/ha provided excellent initial vegetation control, as effective as the larger amounts applied at that time, and was superior during the first 12 months to 4.5 kg/ha applied in June. Twenty-six months after the spring planting new shoot growth of fertilized pine in the glyphosate strips was statistically significantly greater than that for all other treatments and growth in fertilized scalps was also very good. At the same time leader growth of spruce in fertilized scalps was significantly greater than that for other treatments but growth in glyphosate strips did not exceed that of unfertilized controls. Contrary to results of spring planting, there was marked injury and mortality of pine planted in August in glyphosate plots which had been sprayed on the preceding day. Seedlings planted in glyphosate-treated strips nine months after the August spraying exceeded the growth of control plants but not until the year after they were planted.

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