Manganese and zinc absorption with octylphenoxyethanol surfactants by soybean leaf tissues

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. Beauchamp
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Interfacial Tension ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Surfactant Concentration ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Surfactant Solution ◽  
Soybean Leaf ◽  
Chain Lengths ◽  
Leaf Disks

Soybean leaf disks were used to study the effect of ethylene oxide (EO) chain length in a homologous series of octylphenoxyethanol surfactants on Mn and Zn absorption while floating on solutions in which CaSO4 was either absent or present. Octylphenoxyethanol surfactants with EO chain lengths of 5, 7–8, 9–10, 12–13, and 30 ethylene oxide groups per molecule of surfactant were included in the study.Zn absorption was enhanced whereas Mn absorption was decreased in the presence of 0.5 mM CaSO4. However, the presence of CaSO4 had relatively little influence on the effectiveness of the surfactants in enhancing Mn or Zn absorption. In general, surfactants of intermediate EO chain length enhanced Mn or Zn absorption to the greatest extent. Triton X-114 (EO = 7–8) generally tended to cause the greatest enhancement.The surface tension generally increased as the EO chain length increased. As the surfactant concentration was increased from 0.075 to 0.75 mM, the surface tension decreased but then tended to increase as the surfactant concentration was increased further to 7.5 mM. The interfacial tension measured at a corn oil/surfactant solution interface generally decreased with EO chain length at the 0.075 mM surfactant concentration. However, the interfacial tension decreased and then increased as the EO chain length increased at the 0.75 and 7.5 mM concentrations. Neither surface tension nor interfacial tension values could be directly associated with enhanced Mn or Zn absorption by soybean leaf disks. Also, the hydrophile–lipophile balance of the surfactants was not directly associable with enhanced Mn or Zn absorption.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Performance Evaluation of a Betaine Surfactant

2020 ◽  
Vol 213 ◽  
pp. 03012
Author(s):  
Rongjun Zhang ◽  
Zhengpeng Zhou ◽  
Xuegang Wei ◽  
Wei Wei ◽  
Xiaoke Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Interfacial Tension ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Surfactant Concentration ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Surfactant Solution ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Ring Opening Reaction ◽  
And Performance

Using sodium bisulfite and epichlorohydrin as raw materials, the ring-opening reaction is carried out under the action of acatalyst to produce sodium 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropane sulfonate, followed by dodecyl tertiary amine, isopropanol, sodium hydroxide and 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropane sulfonate sodium as raw materials, under certain conditions to synthesize dodecyl hydroxy sulfobetaine surfactant. The surface tension, interfacial tension, salt resistance and emulsification properties of the synthesized surfactants were tested and evaluated. The experimental results show that the surfactant has a low critical micelle concentration and surface tension; the interfacial tension decreases with the increase of surfactant concentration. When the concentration is greater than or equal to 0.3%, the interfacial tension reaches 10-2 level; the dodecyl hydroxy sulfobetaine surfactant solution shows good salt resistance; when the concentration of dodecyl hydroxy sulfobetaine surfactant solution is 0.5%, the water separation rate in 120 minutes is the lowest and the emulsification ability is the strongest.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of Surfactant Partitioning in Pre-CMC and Post-CMC Regimes for Enhanced Oil Recovery Application

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Fatih Belhaj ◽  
Khaled Abdalla Elraies ◽  
Mohamad Sahban Alnarabiji ◽  
Juhairi Aris B M Shuhli ◽  
Syed Mohammad Mahmood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Interfacial Tension ◽  
Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Surfactant Concentration ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Sweep Efficiency ◽  
Partitioning Coefficient

The applications of surfactants in Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) have received more attention in the past decade due to their ability to enhance microscopic sweep efficiency by reducing oil-water interfacial tension in order to mobilize trapped oil. Surfactants can partition in both water and oil systems depending on their solubility in both phases. The partitioning coefficient (Kp) is a key parameter when it comes to describing the ratio between the concentration of the surfactant in the oil phase and the water phase at equilibrium. In this paper, surfactant partitioning of the nonionic surfactant Alkylpolyglucoside (APG) was investigated in pre-critical micelle concentration (CMC) and post-cmc regimes at 80 °C to 106 °C. The Kp was then obtained by measuring the surfactant concentration after equilibration with oil in pre-cmc and post-cmc regimes, which was done using surface tension measurements and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. Surface tension (ST) and interfacial tension (IFT) behaviors were investigated by performing pendant and spinning drop tests, respectively—both tests were conducted at high temperatures. From this study, it was found that APG was able to lower IFT as well as ST between water/oil and air/oil, and its effect was found to be more profound at high temperature. The partitioning test results for APG in pre-cmc and post-cmc regimes were found to be dependent on the surfactant concentration and temperature. The partitioning coefficient is directly proportional to IFT, where at high partitioning intensity, IFT was found to be very low and vice versa at low partitioning intensity. The effect of temperature on the partitioning in pre-cmc and post-cmc regimes had the same impact, where at a high temperature, additional partitioned surfactant molecules arise at the water-oil interface as the association of molecules becomes easier.

Surfactant Solution Transport in Wool Yarn

1988 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 455-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Trounson ◽  
John R. McLaughlin ◽  
Peter W. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Surfactant Solution ◽  
Diffusivity Coefficient ◽  
Contaminant Level ◽  
Poly Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate ◽  
Poly Ethylene

Surfactant solution transport rates were measured on wool yarn scoured or otherwise treated with various nonylphenol poly(ethylene oxide) (NPEO) surfactants or with the sodium salt of dioctyl sulfosuccinate. The EO chain length of the NPEO used to scour the yarn had a significant effect on the diffusivity coefficient, although not on the residual contaminant level or the color. Surfactants applied as prewetting or rewetting agents increased the diffusivity coefficients. Prewetting gives the faster solution transport rates, and the temperature of application and the wet add-on are important. The effectiveness of a rewetting agent is related to its rate of solution.

Surfactant Solution Transport in Wool Yarn

1988 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 501-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. McLaughlin ◽  
Mary E. Trounson ◽  
Rex G. Stewart ◽  
A. John McKinnon
Keyword(s):  
Chain Length ◽  
Surfactant Concentration ◽  
Surfactant Solution ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Saturation Phenomenon ◽  
Surfactant Solutions ◽  
Complete Saturation ◽  
Complete Absorption ◽  
Poly Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Poly Ethylene

The immersion absorption of a wool carpet yarn was studied to gain a better understanding of yarn scouring processes. Upon initial immersion in nonylphenol poly(ethylene oxide) (NPEO) surfactant solutions at 50°C, yarn bundles became rapidly and almost completely saturated. After removal from the solution and squeezing, however, complete absorption on subsequent immersions in either an identical solution or distilled water was possible only when the EO chain length of the NPEO surfactant was ≥ 12. For an EO chain length of 9, complete saturation on the subsequent immersions was possible only when the surfactant concentration was <0.5 gl-1. Evidence suggests that the incomplete saturation phenomenon is caused by thin surfactant films that trap air in the yarn interior. The thin films are formed in the squeezing process following the first immersion.

Perbandingan Karakteristik Surfaktan Metil Ester Sulfonat dan Sodium Lauril Sulfonat sebagai Bahan Emulsifier

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-176
Author(s):  
Eldha Sampepana ◽  
Paluphy Eka Yustini ◽  
Aditya Rinaldi ◽  
Amiroh Amiroh
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Interfacial Tension ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Emulsion Stability ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Enzymatic Method

Surfactant which is used as raw emulsifier in an industry activity such as Sodium Lauryl Sulfonate is a raw material import, it is petroleum derivative which is not renewable and may cause pollution to the environment, because it is not degraded and are carcinogenic. The purpose of the research is to compare the characteristics of the Quaternary methyl ester sulfonat (MES) and Sodium Lauryl Sulfonat (SLS) as emulsifier. First, make the MES by filtering and eliminating fatty acids of palm oil, then process the MES with enzymatic method become methyl ester, then react it in sulfonation and metanolization process, and also neutralized with NaOH. Next, the MES experiment is compared with SLS and existing MES in the market. The results show that surfactants MES experiment has value hidrofil lipofil balance (HLB) interfacial tension and emulsion stability greater than MES in the market and SLS. And the surface tension of MES experiment is larger than MES in the market, but smaller compared to SLS.ABSTRAKSurfaktan yang digunakan sebagai bahan baku emulsifer dalam aktivitas suatu industri pada saat ini seperti Sodium Lauril Sulfonat  merupakan bahan baku import yang merupakan turunan dari minyak bumi, dengan sifat tidak dapat diperbaharui dan dapat menimbulkan pencemaran terhadap lingkungan karena tidak mudah terdegradasi serta bersifat karsinogenik. Metil ester sulfonat dari bahan minyak sawit merupakan surfaktan dengan sifat mudah terdegradasi yang perlu diketahui karakteristiknya. Penelitian bertujuan untuk membandingkan karakteristik surfaktan metil ester sulfonat (MES) dan Sodium Lauril Sulfonat (SLS) sebagai bahan emulsifier. Mula-mula dilakukan pembuatan MES dengan cara menyaring dan menghilangkan asam lemak minyak sawit terlebih dahulu, kemudian diolah menjadi metil ester secara enzimatis, lalu direaksikan secara sulfonasi dan metanolisis, serta dinetralkan dengan NaOH. Selanjutnya MES hasil percobaan dibandingkan dengan SLS dan MES yang ada dipasaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa surfaktan MES memiliki nilai hidrofil lipofil balance (HLB) tegangan antar muka dan stabilitas emulsi lebih besar apabila dibandingkan dengan MES di pasaran dan SLS, kecuali nilai stabilitas emulsi antara MES dan SLS sama. Dan tegangan permukaan MES hasil percobaan, lebih besar dibandingkan dengan MES dipasaran, dan lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan SLS. Kata kunci :   Metil  ester sulfonat, hidrofil lipofil balance, emulsifier, sodium lauril sulfonat , stabilitas emulsi 

scholarly journals Phenylalkylammonium passivation enables perovskite light emitting diodes with record high-radiance operational lifetime: the chain length matters

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuwei Guo ◽  
Sofia Apergi ◽  
Nan Li ◽  
Mengyu Chen ◽  
Chunyang Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chain Length ◽  
Quantum Efficiency ◽  
External Quantum Efficiency ◽  
Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Surface Defects ◽  
Theoretical Modelling ◽  
Ion Migration ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Operational Lifetime ◽  
Chain Lengths

AbstractPerovskite light emitting diodes suffer from poor operational stability, exhibiting a rapid decay of external quantum efficiency within minutes to hours after turn-on. To address this issue, we explore surface treatment of perovskite films with phenylalkylammonium iodide molecules of varying alkyl chain lengths. Combining experimental characterization and theoretical modelling, we show that these molecules stabilize the perovskite through suppression of iodide ion migration. The stabilization effect is enhanced with increasing chain length due to the stronger binding of the molecules with the perovskite surface, as well as the increased steric hindrance to reconfiguration for accommodating ion migration. The passivation also reduces the surface defects, resulting in a high radiance and delayed roll-off of external quantum efficiency. Using the optimized passivation molecule, phenylpropylammonium iodide, we achieve devices with an efficiency of 17.5%, a radiance of 1282.8 W sr−1 m−2 and a record T50 half-lifetime of 130 h under 100 mA cm−2.

scholarly journals Dissipative Particle Dynamics Study on Interfacial Properties of Symmetric Ternary Polymeric Blends

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1516
Author(s):  
Dongmei Liu ◽  
Kai Gong ◽  
Ye Lin ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interfacial Tension ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Triblock Copolymer ◽  
Diblock Copolymers ◽  
Triblock Copolymers ◽  
Dissipative Particle Dynamics ◽  
Interfacial Properties ◽  
Particle Dynamics ◽  
Polymeric Blends ◽  
Polymer Component

We investigated the interfacial properties of symmetric ternary An/AmBm/Bn and An/Am/2BmAm/2/Bn polymeric blends by means of dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations. We systematically analyzed the effects of composition, chain length, and concentration of the copolymers on the interfacial tensions, interfacial widths, and the structures of each polymer component in the blends. Our simulations show that: (i) the efficiency of the copolymers in reducing the interfacial tension is highly dependent on their compositions. The triblock copolymers are more effective in reducing the interfacial tension compared to that of the diblock copolymers at the same chain length and concentration; (ii) the interfacial tension of the blends increases with increases in the triblock copolymer chain length, which indicates that the triblock copolymers with a shorter chain length exhibit a better performance as the compatibilizers compared to that of their counterparts with longer chain lengths; and (iii) elevating the triblock copolymer concentration can promote copolymer enrichment at the center of the interface, which enlarges the width of the phase interfaces and reduces the interfacial tension. These findings illustrate the correlations between the efficiency of copolymer compatibilizers and their detailed molecular parameters.

Degrees of order of solubilized alkanes, alcohols, carboxylates, and carboxylic acids in oriented lyomesophases

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 2404-2410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas M. Chen ◽  
Fred Y. Fujiwara ◽  
Leonard W. Reeves
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Appreciable Amount ◽  
Linear Region ◽  
Short Chain Length ◽  
Chain Lengths ◽  
Degree Of Order ◽  
Limiting Value

The degree of order of solubilized molecules and ions in oriented lyomesophases has been determined at specifically deuterated C—D bond axes from the quadrupole splitting of the deuterium magnetic resonance. Mixtures at low concentration of specifically deuterated alkanes, alcohols, carboxylic acids, and carboxylates of different chain length have been observed in host cationic and anionic lyomesophases. The degree of order of a given C—D position in alcohols increases strongly with chain length up to a length comparable with the host detergent. A broad series of carboxylic acids and carboxylate ions from C2 to C16 have been deuterated in the α position. The α-C—D bond axis in the solubilisate increases in order with chain length, the anion having lower order than the parent acid. An accurately linear increase in the degree of order of the α position is observed for intermediate chain lengths. At chain lengths approximately equal to the host chain lengths the α position reaches a limiting value in the degree of order and further segments do not influence the order. At short chain lengths the degree of order is less than that predicted from extrapolation of order in the linear region. This has been interpreted in terms of distribution into the aqueous compartment by the solubilisates of short chain length. Acetic acid and the acetate, propionate, butanoate, and pentanoate ions spend an appreciable amount of time in the aqueous region. An estimate has been made of these distributions based on reasonable assumptions.

scholarly journals Mathematical modelling of the overflowing cylinder experiment

2003 ◽  
Vol 474 ◽  
pp. 275-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. HOWELL ◽  
C. J. W. BREWARD
Keyword(s):  
Free Surface ◽  
Surfactant Concentration ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Vertical Cylinder ◽  
Surfactant Solution ◽  
Surface Concentration ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Surface Velocity ◽  
Experimental Apparatus ◽  
Finite Distance

The overflowing cylinder (OFC) is an experimental apparatus designed to generate a controlled straining flow at a free surface, whose dynamic properties may then be investigated. Surfactant solution is pumped up slowly through a vertical cylinder. On reaching the top, the liquid forms a flat free surface which expands radially before over flowing down the side of the cylinder. The velocity, surface tension and surfactant concentration on the expanding free surface are measured using a variety of non-invasive techniques.A mathematical model for the OFC has been previously derived by Breward et al. (2001) and shown to give satisfactory agreement with experimental results. However, a puzzling indeterminacy in the model renders it unable to predict one scalar parameter (e.g. the surfactant concentration at the centre of the cylinder), which must be therefore be taken from the experiments.In this paper we analyse the OFC model asymptotically and numerically. We show that solutions typically develop one of two possible singularities. In the first, the surface concentration of surfactant reaches zero a finite distance from the cylinder axis, while the surface velocity tends to infinity there. In the second, the surfactant concentration is exponentially large and a stagnation point forms just inside the rim of the cylinder. We propose a criterion for selecting the free parameter, based on the elimination of both singularities, and show that it leads to good agreement with experimental results.

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