CO2 assimilation by Dryas integrifolia on Devon Island, Northwest Territories

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Mayo ◽  
Don G. Despain ◽  
Eduard M. van Zinderen Bakker Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Northwest Territories ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Devon Island ◽  
Net Assimilation

In situ measurements of CO2 assimilation by Dryas integrifolia at different stages of development and under different environmental conditions were made on Devon Island, Northwest Territories. Dryas can fix CO2 in excess of respiration over a 24-h period under conditions of clear nights and cloudy days. The maximum net assimilation rate measured was 4.2 mg g−1 dry weight h−1. The maximum amount of CO2 fixed in 24 h was 61.54 mg g−1 dry weight. Maximum net assimilation occurred at 8 to 10 °C leaf temperatures. Positive net assimilation occurred at 1 °C leaf temperature. Light compensation was shown to be less than 0.04 langley min−1. Leaf temperatures were always greater than ambient. The maximum leaf temperature measured was 39 °C. Net assimilation rates appear to decrease as the season progresses.

Effects of Temperature and CO2Concentration on the Growth of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), Spurred Anoda (Anoda cristata), and Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 751-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Patterson ◽  
Maxine T. Highsmith ◽  
Elizabeth P. Flint
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Net Assimilation Rate ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Cotton, spurred anoda, and velvetleaf were grown in controlled-environment chambers at day/night temperatures of 32/23 or 26/17 C and CO2concentrations of 350 or 700 ppm. After 5 weeks, CO2enrichment to 700 ppm increased dry matter accumulation by 38, 26, and 29% in cotton, spurred anoda, and velvetleaf, respectively, at 26/17 C and by 61, 41, and 29% at 32/23 C. Increases in leaf weight accounted for over 80% of the increase in total plant weight in cotton and spurred anoda in both temperature regimes. Leaf area was not increased by CO2enrichment. The observed increases in dry matter production with CO2enrichment were caused by increased net assimilation rate. In a second experiment, plants were grown at 350 ppm CO2and 29/23 C day/night for 17 days before exposure to 700 ppm CO2at 26/17 C for 1 week. Short-term exposure to high CO2significantly increased net assimilation rate, dry matter production, total dry weight, leaf dry weight, and specific leaf weight in comparison with plants maintained at 350 ppm CO2at 26/17 C. Increases in leaf weight in response to short-term CO2enrichment accounted for 100, 87, and 68% of the observed increase in total plant dry weight of cotton, spurred anoda, and velvetleaf, respectively. Comparisons among the species showed that CO2enrichment decreased the weed/crop ratio for total dry weight, possibly indicating a potential competitive advantage for cotton under elevated CO2, even at suboptimum temperatures.

EFFECT OF SOLID AND LIQUID ORGANIC FERTILIZER ON GROWTH, YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF ROSSELLE (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) IN THE NIGERIAN SAVANNAH

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 428-439
Author(s):  
K. M. Ladan ◽  
M. G. Abubakar ◽  
J. Suleiman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
100 Seed Weight

The Study was conducted to evaluate the effect of solid and liquid organic fertilizer on growth and yield of rosselle in 2016 cropping season at Institute of Agricultural Reserve Zaria, Samaru (11011’N 07038E and 686m) and Institute of Horticultural Research Farm Bagauda (12000’N 8031”Em 488m) in Northern Guinea Savannah and Sudan Savannah Ecological Zones of above sea level Nigeria. Treatments consisted of four levels of solid poultry manure (0.0, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0) tons/ha and five levels of liquid organic manure from Grand Total Organic Fertilizer Limited (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.9) litres/ha, which were factorially combined in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and replicated three times. Data on growth parameter were collected on plant height (cm), plant dry weight (g), leaf Area index crop growth rate (CGR) Relative Growth Rate (RGR) and Net assimilation rate (NAR) while data on yield parameters like number of calyx per pant, 100 seed weight (g) and  calyx yield per hectare kg/ha were collected. Results showed that plant height, plant dry weight(g), 100 seed weight(g) and calyx dry yield kg/ha had a significant increase with application of 2.0 litres/ha of liquid fertilizer than other rates. While application of solid poultry manure at 3.0ton/ha significantly increases plant height, net assimilation rate, leaf area index and calyx dry weight when compared with other rates. From the results obtained, the combination of 2.0 litres/ha liquid organic fertilizer and 3.0 ton/ha solid poultry manure produce the highest calyx yield at both location.

scholarly journals Influence of Soil Amendment on the Relative Growth Rate and Net Assimilation Rate of Phaseolus vulgaris and Vigna aconitifolia

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
E. A. Effa ◽  
A. A. J. Mofunanya ◽  
B. A. Ngele
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Vigna Aconitifolia ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Net Assimilation

Background: Soil pH is one of the most important factors that contribute to crop growth and productivity. The present research was designed to assess the influence of soil amendment using organic manure and agricultural lime on the relative growth rate (RGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) of Phaseolus vulgaris and Vigna aconitifolia grown on soils from different locations. Methodology: The three locations were: Akamkpa, Calabar Municipality and Odukpani. The pH for the three soil locations were 4.0, 7.0 and 9.0, respectively. The treatments were; control (0 g), OM1 (100 g organic manure), OM2 (200 g organic manure), AL1 (100 g agricultural lime), AL2 (200 g agricultural lime), OM1 + AL1 (50 g organic manure + 50 g agricultural lime) and OM2 +AL2 (100 g organic manure and 100 g agricultural lime). Results: Results obtained on the RGR of the leaf dry weight of P. vulgaris treated with OM2 was the highest (0.50 g/wk) followed by OM1 (0.41 g/wk). OM1 + AL1 had the highest RGR of the stem dry weight of P. vulgaris grown on soil from Calabar Municipality. In the RGR of the root dry weight, OM2 had the highest mean value in both plants grown on Akamkpa soil. Results obtained at 4 weeks after planting (WAP) revealed that there was significant (P<0.05) increase in NAR of plants grown on soil from Akamkpa. The highest NAR was obtained for V. aconitifolia treated with OM2 (0.0447 g/wk) followed by OM2 + AL2 (0.0057 g/wk) for both V. aconitifolia and P. vulgaris. P. vulgaris grown on Akamkpa and Odukpani soils treated with AL2 (0.0032 g/wk), OM1 + AL1 (0.0041 g/wk) and OM2+ AL2 (0.0062 g/wk) had the highest NAR at 8 WAP. Conclusion: The RGR and NAR of the two bean varieties were improved following treatments with organic manure and agricultural lime.

Net assimilation rate of wheat as affected by light intensity and temperature

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 1781-1787 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. C. Friend
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Net Assimilation Rate ◽  
Continuous Illumination ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Optimal Temperature ◽  
Area Basis ◽  
Net Assimilation

The net assimilation rate of wheat, on a leaf area basis, declined with time under constant environmental conditions. With continuous illumination at temperatures of 20, 25, and 30 °C, the net assimilation rate increased linearly with increases in the light intensity over the range 200 to 5000 ft-c. The optimal temperature was 15 to 20 °C, and the net assimilation rate declined with increases in temperature over the range 20 to 30 °C. These responses are related to direct effects of light intensity on apparent rates of leaf photosynthesis and to changes in the relative proportion of photosynthetic and primarily respiratory organs under different environmental conditions.

Influence of Quackgrass (Agropyron repens) Density and Duration of Interference on Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 614-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank L. Young ◽  
Donald L. Wyse ◽  
Robert J. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Soybean Leaf ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Density Study ◽  
Number Of Branches ◽  
Agropyron Repens

The effect of quackgrass [Agropyron repens(L.) Beauv.] density and duration of interference on soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] was investigated in two studies. In the density study, the average reduction in soybean yield by quackgrass densities of 520 and 910 shoots/m2was 19 and 55%, respectively. Quackgrass densities of 95 and 160 shoots/m2did not significantly reduce soybean yields. The number of branches that produced pods, the number of pods and seeds per plant, and soybean height were reduced by the two highest densities. In 1980, quackgrass densities of 265 and 595 shoots/m2reduced soybean leaf area and plant dry weight. Leaf area partitioning (LAP), leaf weight partitioning (LWP), and net assimilation rate (NAR) of soybeans were reduced by a quackgrass density of 595 shoots/m2. In the duration study, interference by a natural stand of quackgrass for 6 weeks, 8 weeks, and full-season decreased soybean yield an average of 11, 23, and 33%, respectively. Results from the duration study suggest that a selective postemergence herbicide for the control of quackgrass in soybeans would be beneficial if available.

Photosynthetic characteristics of 10 Acacia species grown under ambient and elevated atmospheric CO2

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R Evans ◽  
Marcus Schortemeyer ◽  
Nola McFarlane ◽  
Owen K Atkin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transport ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Photosynthetic Characteristics ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Co2 Assimilation Rate ◽  
Acacia Species ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Co2 Treatment

Ten contrasting Acacia species were grown in glasshouses with normal ambient CO2 or ele-vated to 700 µL L–1. Plants were grown in sand with a complete nutrient solution, including 5 mМ nitrate. Our objective was to determine the degree to which photosynthesis, and the efficiency of nitrogen and water use, were affected by growth under elevated CO2 in contrasting plant species that differ in specific foliage area (foliage area per unit foliage dry mass). Photosynthetic characteristics were measured at several stages. Growth and measurement of gas exchange under 700 mL L–1 CO2 resulted in enhanced rates of CO2 assimilation per unit foliage area in nine of the species. The degree of enhancement was independent of specific foliage area. The exception was the slow-growing A. aneura, which had lower rates of CO2 assimilation when grown and measured at 700 µL L–1 CO2 compared to plants grown and measured at 350 µL L–1 CO2, at 50, 78 and 93 d after transplanting. Leaf conductance was reduced by growth in elevated CO2 in only six of the species. Overall, elevated CO2 improved the ratio of CO2 assimi-lation to conductance by 78% and increased CO2 assimilation per unit of foliage nitrogen by 30% at a given specific foliage area. Detailed study of A. saligna and A. aneura revealed that the effects of the CO2 treatment were similarly evident on all fully expanded phyllodes, regardless of their age. Intercellular CO2 response curves were analysed on four species and revealed no change in the ratio of electron transport to Rubisco activities. However, for A. aneura and A. melanoxylon, both electron transport and Rubisco activities were reduced per unit foliage nitrogen, by growth under elevated CO2 . For A. saligna and A. implexa, these activities per unit nitrogen, were not altered by the elevated CO2 treatment. To relate CO2 assimilation rates to net assimilation rates (dry matter increment per unit foliage area per day) derived from growth analysis, between 30 and 50% of daily photosynthesis appeared to be consumed in respiration. This proportion was not altered by CO2 treatment for seven of the Acacia species, but appeared to be reduced in the other three. The increase in CO2 assimilation rate by growth under 700 com-pared to 350 µL L–1 CO2 that was measured (26%, mean of all species from two surveys), matched the increase in net assimilation rate that had been derived from destructive sampling (30%). We conclude that the increase in CO2 assimilation rate in the selected Acacia species was independent of species, growth rate and foliage area per unit foliage dry mass.

The impact of red and blue light-emitting diode illumination on radish physiological indices

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 821-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giedrė Samuolienė ◽  
Ramūnas Sirtautas ◽  
Aušra Brazaitytė ◽  
Jurga Sakalauskaitė ◽  
Sandra Sakalauskienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Net Assimilation Rate ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Hypocotyl Length ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Physiological Indices ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

AbstractThe objective was to evaluate the effect of different combinations of red (638 nm) and blue (455 nm) light produced by solid-state light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on physiological indices (net assimilation rate, hypocotyl-to-leaf ratio, leaf area, leaf dry weight, hypocotyl length and diameter, plant length, developed leaves), variation of photosynthetic pigments and non-structural carbohydrates in radish (Raphanus sativus L., var. ‘Faraon’). Lighting experiments were performed under controlled conditions (total PPFD - 200 μmol m−2 s−1; 16 h photoperiod; 14/18°C night/day temperature). The LED conditions: 638 nm; 638 + 5% 455 nm; 638 + 10% 455 nm; 638 + 10% 455 + 731 nm; 638 + 10% 455 + 731 + 669 nm. Our results showed that radishes grown under red (638 nm) alone were elongated, and the formation of hypocotyl was weak. The net assimilation rate, hypocotyl-to-leaf ratio, and leaf dry weight also were low due to the low accumulation of photosynthetic pigments and non-structural carbohydrates in leaves. The supplemented blue (455 nm) light was necessary for the non-structural carbohydrates distribution between radish storage organs and leaves which resulted in hypocotyl thickening. Red alone (638 nm) or in combination with far-red (731 nm), or red669 for radish generative development was required.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF GROWTH AND TUBER DEVELOPMENT IN THREE POTATO CULTIVARS WITH DIVERSE CANOPY SIZE

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 797-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. COLLINS
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Potato Breeding ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Net Assimilation Rate ◽  
Tuber Growth ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Tuber Development ◽  
Final Yield ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Canopy Size

The basis of differences in tuber and plant development in potato, due to differences in canopy size, was studied by measuring changes in plant dry weight and leaf area throughout the growing season. Differing canopy sizes were obtained by selecting three cultivars from the Canada Potato Breeding Program. These were F57048, Grand Falls, and F62008, which normally produce small, medium and large sized canopies respectively, with similar tuber yields. Differences in total and tuber dry weight through the season were slight compared to differences observed in leaf and stem growth. The branching capacity of the cultivars appeared to be the major determinant of canopy size. In these three cultivars, as canopy size increased, the initial tuber growth rate immediately following tuberization decreased. Thus, in the two smaller cultivars, the early tuber growth rate was more critical in determining final yield than was the case in the large-canopied cultivar, F62008. As expected, the net assimilation rate increased as canopy size decreased. The evidence indicated that the demands of the developing tubers exerted the greatest influence on the net assimilation rate.

scholarly journals Influence of Rootstock, Scion, and Water Deficits on Growth of `Colt' and `Meteor' Cherry Trees

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1204-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas G. Ranney ◽  
Nina L. Bassuk ◽  
Thomas H. Whitlow
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Prunus Cerasus ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Net Assimilation

Growth and physiological characteristics were evaluated in autografted and reciprocally grafted plants of Prunus avium L. ×pseudocerasus Lindl. `Colt' and Prunus cerasus L. `Meteor'. Containerized plants were grown for 150 days in a greenhouse under either well-watered or water-stressed conditions. Both the scion and rootstock influenced growth (relative growth rate, R̄), morphological [leaf area : root surface area (LARSA) and specific leaf area (SLA)], and physiological (mean net assimilation rate, Ē) characteristics of grafted plants. Regardless of the watering regime, plants with `Meteor' scions and `Colt' rootstocks maintained higher R̄ than plants with `Colt' scions and `Meteor' rootstocks. This enhanced growth occurred as a result of higher Ē. Measurements on water-stressed plants also showed that the graft combination of `Meteor' on `Colt' had the lowest LARSA, while the reciprocal combination of `Colt' on `Meteor' had the highest. Differences in LARSA among water-stressed plants primarily reflected changes in SLA, as influenced by both rootstock and scion, and not in partitioning of dry weight between these organs.

The effects of temperature and light energy on dry weight and leaf area changes in seedling plants of Lolium perenne L

1971 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
JH Silsbury
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Light Flux ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Light Energy ◽  
Net Assimilation Rate ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Net Assimilation

Nine identical seedling populations of Lolium perenne cv. Grasslands Ruanui were grown at different times in a controlled environment cabinet under 22, 38, and 117 watts m-2Visible radiation (16 hr day length) and at 10, 20, and 30�C for 32 days. The proportion of the total dry matter present as roots and that of the shoot dry weight present as leaf laminae were only slightly affected by the environment. Shoot growth was dominated by leaf growth; responses to the environment of the average relative growth rate (El,) and the average leaf area growth rate RA) were similar. RW and RA were maximal at 20�C at each light flux density and increased toward a maximum with increased radiation at each temperature. Maximum RW for seedling plants of L. perenne was about 25% per day. The net assimilation rate increased approximately linearly with increase in light flux and was scarcely affected by temperature. The leaf area ratio was greatly affected by changes in light energy, mainly owing to change in the specific leaf area. The rate of leaf appearance was accelerated by a temperature increase from 10 to 20�C. Total tiller number was maximal at 20�C and increased with light flux. When related to leaf number, tillering was reduced only by high temperature at low light energy. The relative changes in net assimilation rate induced by variation in light flux at 20�C were the same as those in the net photosynthesis of a single leaf lamina. The growth of seedling ryegrass plants in the field in winter is considered to be strongly dependent on temperature and much less restricted by low light energy.

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