A correlation of nuclear DNA content and thin-layer chromatographic patterns in resolving genome relationships in Avena

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1529-1545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Iiyama ◽  
William F. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Chromosomal Polymorphism ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Nuclear Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Relative amounts of nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from telophase root tip nuclei and thin-layer chromatographic patterns of alcohol-soluble compounds from dry leaves were determined for seven diploids: Avena clauda, A. pilosa, A. ventricosa, A. strigosa, A. hirtula, A. wiestii, A. longiglumis; four tetraploids: A. barbata, A. magna, A. abyssinica, A. vaviloviana; and four hexaploids: A. sterilis, A. fatua, A. byzantina, and A. sativa, in order to elucidate species relationships. Variation in nuclear DNA content was correlated with differences in genomic constitution; a few exceptions are considered to reflect chromosomal polymorphism. The average DNA value of the hexaploid species approximated the sum of the DNA value for A. magna and the theoretical value of the B genome. Chromatographic patterns showed distinct variations between species but little correlation between number of compounds and DNA content. Chromatographic patterns of hexaploids showed close similarity with those of diploids and tetraploids, except species with modified C genomes (A. clauda, A. pilosa, A. ventricosa) and A. longiglumis. It is considered that A. clauda, A. pilosa, A. ventricosa, and A. longiglumis did not participate in the evolution of polyploid taxa. From their chromatographic profiles, A. wiestii, A. abyssinica, A. vaviloviana, and A. byzantina are very closely related. Both A. magna and the AABB tetraploid species appear to share two genomes in common with the hexaploids. Hence, the genomic constitutions AADD and AABBDD have been proposed for A. magna and the hexaploids, respectively. Six compounds from ethanol leaf extracts of A. sativa were identified as three apigenins, luteolin, ferulic acid, and p-coumaric acid.

scholarly journals Nuclear DNA Content, Base Composition, and Cytogenetic Characterization of Christia obcordata

2013 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidou F. Sakhanokho ◽  
Nurul Islam-Faridi
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Organizer Region ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Ribosomal Rna Gene ◽  
A Genome

Christia obcordata is an intriguing small-sized house plant with unusual and attractive features such as its striped leaves. Because very little is known about the plant, we conducted an investigation of its genome and chromosomes. The number of chromosomes was determined using a protoplast technique to prepare root tip chromosome spread and was found to be 2n = 2x = 20. Flow cytometry was used to determine nuclear DNA content (1C = 0.65 pg = 634.4 Mb) for C. obcordata and AT/GC composition was shown to be AT% = 62.8% ± 0.0% and GC% = 37.2% ± 0.0%. Finally, fluorescent in situ hybridization was used to locate ribosomal RNA gene families in C. obcordata. Ribosomal RNA gene families, viz. 18S-28S and 5S rDNA, are unique cytomolecular landmarks that provide valuable information about the evolutionary organization of a genome. We have identified one locus each of 18S-28S and 5S rDNA. The 18S-28S rDNA is located in the subterminal position on the secondary constriction region [also known as the nucleolus organizer region (NOR)] and the 5S rDNA is located interstitially close to a centromeric position. The basic information gathered in this study on C. obcordata will be helpful in understanding the genetics of this species.

scholarly journals Production of Interspecific Hybrids of Persimmon by Protoplast Fusion

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 442A-442
Author(s):  
Mihoko Tamura ◽  
Ryutaro Tao ◽  
Akira Sugiura
Keyword(s):  
Dna Content ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Nuclear Genome ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Pcr Rflp

Interspecific hybrids between Diospyros glandulosa (2n = 2x = 30) and D. kaki cv. Jiro (2n = 6x = 90) were produced by electrofusion of protoplasts. Protoplasts were isolated from calli derived from leaf primordia, fused electrically, and cultured by agarose-bead culture using modified KM8p medium. Relative nuclear DNA contents of calli derived from fusion-treated protoplasts were determined by flow cytometry. One-hundred-forty-nine of 166 calli obtained had the nuclear DNA content of the sum of those of D. glandulosa and D. kaki cv. Jiro. RAPD analysis showed that the 149 callus lines yielded specific bands for both D. glandulosa and D. kaki cv. Jiro and they appeared to be interspecific somatic hybrid calli. Shoots were regenerated from 63 of the 149 interspecific hybrid calli. PCR-RFLP of chloroplast DNA analysis, flow cytometric determination of nuclear DNA content, and RAPD analysis revealed that the 63 interspecific hybrid shoot lines contained nuclear genome from both the parents but only chloroplast genome from D. glandulosa. Microscopic observation of root tip cells confirmed that somatic chromosome numbers of the interspecific hybrids were 2n = 8x = 120.

THE 4C NUCLEAR DNA CONTENT OF SEVERAL HORDEUM GENOTYPES

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Bennett ◽  
J. B. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Dna Contents ◽  
Hordeum Species ◽  
Nuclear Dna Contents ◽  
Physiological Characters

The 4C nuclear DNA content was estimated for 17 wild Hordeum species and five cultivated Hordeum vulgare varieties which were chosen to include examples varying greatly in geographical origin and in morphological and physiological characters. Nuclear DNA was measured on an integrating microdensitometer using prophase nuclei in Feulgen stained root-tip squashes. There were no significant differences in DNA content between any or the 15 diploid genotypes measured, and the seven polyploid genotypes all had nuclear DNA contents which were simple multiples of the diploid genotypes. This result, namely that the DNA content of diploid Hordeum species is invariable, differs from results obtained from diploid species in several other plant genera which differed greatly in nuclear DNA content.

Prognostic value of nuclear DNA content in papillary and follicular thyroid cancer

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaap F. Hamming ◽  
Lodewijk J. D. M. Schelfhout ◽  
Cees J. Cornelisse ◽  
Cornelis J. H. van de Velde ◽  
Bernard M. Goslings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Follicular Thyroid Cancer

Estimation of nuclear DNA content by flow cytometry in fishes of the genus Xiphophorus

1989 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terrence R. Tiersch ◽  
Robert W. Chandler ◽  
Klaus D. Kallman ◽  
Stephen S. Wachtel
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content

Changes in chromosome structure, mitotic activity and nuclear DNA content from cells of Allium Test induced by bark water extract of Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC

2006 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mieczysław Kuraś ◽  
Julita Nowakowska ◽  
Elwira Śliwińska ◽  
Radosław Pilarski ◽  
Renata Ilasz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Activity ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Chromosome Structure ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Allium Test ◽  
Uncaria Tomentosa
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