Metabolic rates for major nutrients in suspension cultures of plant cells

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1301-1308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dyson Rose ◽  
S. M. Martin ◽  
P. P. F. Clay
Keyword(s):  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Polynomial Functions ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Dry Cell Weight ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Major Nutrients ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Dry Cell ◽  
Minor Extent

Well-habituated cells, which had been initiated from root tissue of Ipomoea sp. and kept in suspension culture for more than 2 years, were grown in 14-liter stirred-jar fermenters in complex media containing casein hydrolysate. Samples were taken at 12-h intervals, and both cells and media analyzed for major constituents. Polynomial functions of time were fitted, by least squares, to these data, and the rate of disappearance or accumulation (medium and cells, respectively) of the major components was calculated by dividing the first derivative of these functions by the corresponding dry cell weight. The results indicate that growth of these cultures involved a sequence of activities such that the culture as a whole, during the period of rapid increase in cell yield, progressed from one containing predominantly dividing cells with a high rate of nitrogen anabolism to one containing predominantly "maturing" cells with a proportionately higher rate of carbohydrate anabolism. Increasing the nitrogen content of the medium affected the metabolic rates and the apparent net growth rate to only a minor extent, but did alter cell composition.

scholarly journals Complete biosynthesis of a sulfated chondroitin in Escherichia coli

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abinaya Badri ◽  
Asher Williams ◽  
Adeola Awofiranye ◽  
Payel Datta ◽  
Ke Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microbial Cell Factories ◽  
Cell Factories ◽  
Microbial Product ◽  
Dry Cell Weight ◽  
One Step ◽  
Dry Cell

AbstractSulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a class of important biologics that are currently manufactured by extraction from animal tissues. Although such methods are unsustainable and prone to contamination, animal-free production methods have not emerged as competitive alternatives due to complexities in scale-up, requirement for multiple stages and cost of co-factors and purification. Here, we demonstrate the development of single microbial cell factories capable of complete, one-step biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate (CS), a type of GAG. We engineer E. coli to produce all three required components for CS production–chondroitin, sulfate donor and sulfotransferase. In this way, we achieve intracellular CS production of ~27 μg/g dry-cell-weight with about 96% of the disaccharides sulfated. We further explore four different factors that can affect the sulfation levels of this microbial product. Overall, this is a demonstration of simple, one-step microbial production of a sulfated GAG and marks an important step in the animal-free production of these molecules.

scholarly journals Optimisation of Recombinant Myrosinase Production in Pichia pastoris

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3677
Author(s):  
Zuzana Rosenbergová ◽  
Kristína Kántorová ◽  
Martin Šimkovič ◽  
Albert Breier ◽  
Martin Rebroš
Keyword(s):  
Pichia Pastoris ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Specific Productivity ◽  
Fermentation Conditions ◽  
Threefold Increase ◽  
Dry Cell Weight ◽  
First Time ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Dry Cell

Myrosinase is a plant defence enzyme catalysing the hydrolysis of glucosinolates, a group of plant secondary metabolites, to a range of volatile compounds. One of the products, isothiocyanates, proved to have neuroprotective and chemo-preventive properties, making myrosinase a pharmaceutically interesting enzyme. In this work, extracellular expression of TGG1 myrosinase from Arabidopsis thaliana in the Pichia pastoris KM71H (MutS) strain was upscaled to a 3 L laboratory fermenter for the first time. Fermentation conditions (temperature and pH) were optimised, which resulted in a threefold increase in myrosinase productivity compared to unoptimised fermentation conditions. Dry cell weight increased 1.5-fold, reaching 100.5 g/L without additional glycerol feeding. Overall, a specific productivity of 4.1 U/Lmedium/h was achieved, which was 102.5-fold higher compared to flask cultivations.

scholarly journals Discharge of debris from ice at the margin of the Greenland ice sheet

2002 ◽  
Vol 48 (161) ◽  
pp. 192-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter G. Knight ◽  
Richard I. Waller ◽  
Carrie J. Patterson ◽  
Alison P. Jones ◽  
Zoe P. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Outlet Glacier ◽  
Tidewater Glaciers ◽  
Sediment Production ◽  
Basal Ice ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Sediment Transfer ◽  
A Minor

AbstractSediment production at a terrestrial section of the ice-sheet margin in West Greenland is dominated by debris released through the basal ice layer. The debris flux through the basal ice at the margin is estimated to be 12–45 m3 m−1 a−1. This is three orders of magnitude higher than that previously reported for East Antarctica, an order of magnitude higher than sites reported from in Norway, Iceland and Switzerland, but an order of magnitude lower than values previously reported from tidewater glaciers in Alaska and other high-rate environments such as surging glaciers. At our site, only negligible amounts of debris are released through englacial, supraglacial or subglacial sediment transfer. Glaciofluvial sediment production is highly localized, and long sections of the ice-sheet margin receive no sediment from glaciofluvial sources. These findings differ from those of studies at more temperate glacial settings where glaciofluvial routes are dominant and basal ice contributes only a minor percentage of the debris released at the margin. These data on debris flux through the terrestrial margin of an outlet glacier contribute to our limited knowledge of debris production from the Greenland ice sheet.

Factors affecting the future of the Scottish hydrometric network

1987 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Poodle
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Computer Systems ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Data Standards ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Economic Climate ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Minor Extent

ABSTRACTThe Scottish Hydrometric Network consists of a number of river gauging stations which have been located at sites considered suitable to provide long term flow records. Economic recession has placed some stress on the gauging programme, and has given rise to extensive closures of gauging stations in England and, to a minor extent so far, in Scotland. The way in which the network became established provides a mixture of strengths and weaknesses which could have unpredictable consequences in an adverse economic climate. Changing technology provides some opportunity to reduce the cost of data acquisition and improve the deployment of manpower, while maintaining data standards. In these changing circumstances, particularly with extensive use of computer systems, it is important that standards are established for data returned to the Water Archive and that the network is not allowed to degenerate by default.

Cupressus arizonica (Arizona cypress).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvan Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Erosion Control ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Christmas Trees ◽  
Cupressus Arizonica ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Minor Extent

Abstract At present, in the New World, C. arizonica and its varieties are of low economic importance, but they are sometimes cut for fenceposts, fuelwood and lumber, and recently they have become popular as Christmas trees. By contrast, the Arizona cypress (C. arizonica var. arizonica) and the smooth cypress (C. arizonica var. glabra) are widespread in Europe and are used for landscaping, erosion control, windbreaks, and to a minor extent for lumber.

Chapter II. The World Economy

1983 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 26-38
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
West Germany ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Uk ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Minor Extent

The recovery in the OECD area gathered pace in the second quarter, when its total GDP probably increased by as much as 1 per cent. The rise was, however, heavily concentrated in North America and particularly the US. There may well have been a slight fall in Western Europe, where the level of industrial production hardly changed and increases in gross product in West Germany and, to a minor extent, in France were outweighed by falls in Italy and (according to the expenditure measure) the UK.

scholarly journals Tracing the (hidden) spatialities of digital agendas: the case of ‘Digital Hungary’

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-150
Author(s):  
Krisztina Varró
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Development Trajectories ◽  
Minor Extent

Policies that aim at bringing about a digital transformation (seek to) create the conditions for particular spatial development trajectories. Yet, the understandings, explicit and implicit, of space advanced by digital agendas have remained rather underexposed to date. This paper addresses this gap by developing a Foucauldian-inspired discourse-analytical framework and applies it to the programme of ‘Digital Hungary’. It is argued that policies of digitalisation in Hungary only to a minor extent consider the spatial dimension, and their impact potentially undermines the declared aims of spatial development at different scales.

scholarly journals Effect of the Concentration of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) and Aeration Intensity on Waste Glycerol Valorization by Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Produced in Heterotrophic Culture of Schizochytrium sp.

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 9573
Author(s):  
Natalia Kujawska ◽  
Szymon Talbierz ◽  
Marcin Dębowski ◽  
Joanna Kazimierowicz ◽  
Marcin Zieliński
Keyword(s):  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Stationary Growth Phase ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Glycerol Conversion ◽  
Waste Glycerol ◽  
Dry Cell Weight ◽  
Dha Production ◽  
Dry Cell

The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) production by Schizochytrium sp. biomass fed with waste glycerol depending on the concentration of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in the culture medium and medium aeration effectiveness. The microalgae from the genus Schizochytrium sp. were proved to be capable of producing EPS composed of glucose, galactose, mannose, fucose, and xylose. The highest EPS concentration, reaching 8.73 ± 0.09 g/dm3, was determined at the stationary growth phase. A high EPS concentration caused culture medium viscosity to increase, contributing to diminished oxygen availability for cells, lower culture effectiveness, and reduced waste glycerol conversion to DHA. The Schizochytrium sp. culture variant found optimal in terms of the obtained technological effects and operating costs was performed at the volumetric oxygen mass transfer coefficient of kLa = 600 1/h, which enabled obtaining dry cell weight (DCW) of 147.89 ± 4.77 g/dm3, lipid concentration of 69.44 ± 0.76 g/dm3, and DHA concentration in the biomass reaching 29.44 ± 0.36 g/dm3. The effectiveness of waste glycerol consumption in this variant reached 3.76 ± 0.31 g/dm3·h and 3.16 ± 0.22 g/gDCW.

scholarly journals Bryophytes of the upper reaches of the Western Bug River (Lviv Region, Ukraine)

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-24
Author(s):  
Yura Drach ◽  
Zvenysvala Mamchur
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Wetland Ecosystems ◽  
Substrate Preferences ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
The Development Strategy ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
A Minor ◽  
First Time ◽  
Minor Extent

In the article, the bryophytes of the upper reaches of the Western Bug River, which is physically and geographically located within Male Polissya, partly Roztochia, and to a minor extent in the Gologoro-Voronyatsky denudo-structural hills, have been studied. Based on our survey, a list of the bryophytes has been compiled for the first time. Ecological features, substrate preferences and life forms of the bryophytes have been analysed. According to the ecological features, subheliophytes (30.9%) and hemisciophytes (30.9%) predominate in the spectrum of heliomorphs; mesophytes (29.7%), hygromesophytes (21.2%) and xeromesophytes – in the spectrum of hydromorphs (19.4%); cold-tolerant species (59.4%) – in the spectrum of thermomorphs. Based on the analysis of the substrate preferences of the bryophytes, the following groups were identified: epigeans (116 species), epixils (56 species), epiphytes (46 species), epiliths (43 species), aquatic (22 species). The prevailing life forms are turf (30.3%), rough mat (18.2%), weft (15.2%), tuft (10.3%) and smooth mat (9.7%). 3 species that are officially recognised as rare and 16 species that are recognized as regionally rare have been found. In the group of bryophytes associated with wetland ecosystems, 2 officially rare and 6 regionally rare species were found in the study area. Given the large areas of drained land in Lviv Region, these species are of particular value, especially in the context of conservation of the biodiversity and protection of the valuable natural areas in accordance with the Development Strategy of Lviv Region by 2027.

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