Effect of treatments given to the grain, on the growth of wheat roots under drought conditions

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Carceller ◽  
A. Soriano
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Drought Conditions

The effect of pretreatments given to wheat grains which are supposed to increase drought resistance was studied in young plants under controlled conditions of water stress. In one of the two cultivars used, root growth was found to be significantly greater in plants from pretreated seeds, during and after a period of water stress.Under conditions of ample water availability, root growth was not influenced by the pretreatments.

scholarly journals Seed germination of Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth, under water stress

2001 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lígia M. de M. Silva ◽  
Ivor B. de Aguiar ◽  
Teresinha de J.D. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Native Tree ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Native Tree Species ◽  
Osmotic Potentials

Bowdichia virgilioides (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae) is a native tree species in Brazil characteristic of the savannah vegetation. Seeds of this species were submitted to different osmotic potentials induced by polyethyleneglycol (PEG-6000) in order to verify their resistance to drought conditions. Seeds were previously scarified with sulphuric acid and incubated at 25 ºC with an eight hours photoperiod, at osmotic potentials of 0.0, -0.1, -0.3, -0.5, -0.7, -0.9 and -1.1 MPa. It was found that water stress resistance limit ranged from -0.7 to -0.9 MPa. Significant reduction in germination velocity from -0.3 MPa, and final percentage of germination from -0.5 MPa in relation to control, were observed. Germination under drastic conditions of water stress was inhibited, but was restored with an increase of water availability.

scholarly journals Proline-Mediated Drought Tolerance in the Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Isogenic Line Is Associated with Lateral Root Growth at the Early Seedling Stage

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2177
Author(s):  
Felix Frimpong ◽  
Michael Anokye ◽  
Carel W. Windt ◽  
Ali A. Naz ◽  
Michael Frei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Isogenic Line ◽  
Reduced Water

A vigorous root system in barley promotes water uptake from the soil under water-limited conditions. We investigated three spring barley genotypes with varying water stress responses using rhizoboxes at the seedling stage. The genotypes comprised two elite German cultivars, Barke and Scarlett, and a near-isogenic line, NIL 143. The isogenic line harbors the wild allele pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase1-P5cs1. Root growth in rhizoboxes under reduced water availability conditions caused a significant reduction in total root length, rooting depth, root maximum width, and root length density. On average, root growth was reduced by more than 20% due to water stress. Differences in organ proline concentrations were observed for all genotypes, with shoots grown under water stress exhibiting at least a 30% higher concentration than the roots. Drought induced higher leaf and root proline concentrations in NIL 143 compared with any of the other genotypes. Under reduced water availability conditions, NIL 143 showed less severe symptoms of drought, higher lateral root length, rooting depth, maximum root width, root length density, and convex hull area compared with Barke and Scarlett. Within the same comparison, under water stress, NIL 143 had a higher proportion of lateral roots (+30%), which were also placed at deeper substrate horizons. NIL 143 had a less negative plant water potential and higher relative leaf water content and stomatal conductance compared with the other genotypes under water stress. Under these conditions, this genotype also maintained an enhanced net photosynthetic rate and exhibited considerable fine root growth (diameter class 0.05–0.35 mm). These results show that water stress induces increased shoot and root proline accumulation in the NIL 143 barley genotype at the seedling stage and that this effect is associated with increased lateral root growth.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF TRANSPIRATION, ROOT GROWTH AND HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY OF WHEAT PLANTS DIFFERING IN YIELD UNDER DROUGHT CONDITIONS

ÈKOBIOTEH ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 734-740
Author(s):  
L.N. Timergalina ◽  
◽  
R.S. Ivanov ◽  
V.I. Nikonov ◽  
I.I. Ivanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽  
The Past ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Reduced Water

A comparative assessment of transpiration, root growth, and hydraulic conductivity in wheat plants varieties Bashkirskaya 28 and Omskaya 35was performed under laboratory conditions. Plants of the Bashkirskaya variety were characterized by increased transpiration and hydraulic conductivity under both stress and normal conditions, and the Omskaya 35 variety was characterized by the ability to save water. Comparison of plant productivity over the past 5 years revealed its higher level in plants of the variety Bashkirskaya 28. Hydrothermal coefficient has been below1.0 over the years, indicating that reduced water availability, and a higher yield of plants of the Bashkirskaya 28 variety indicates that the ability to maintain water flow is more important than to save it in these climatic conditions.

scholarly journals How downstream sub-basins depend on upstream inflows to avoid scarcity: typology and global analysis of transboundary rivers

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2795-2809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafsa Ahmed Munia ◽  
Joseph H. A. Guillaume ◽  
Naho Mirumachi ◽  
Yoshihide Wada ◽  
Matti Kummu
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Available Water

Abstract. Countries sharing river basins are often dependent upon water originating outside their boundaries; meaning that without that upstream water, water scarcity may occur with flow-on implications for water use and management. We develop a formalisation of this concept drawing on ideas about the transition between regimes from resilience literature, using water stress and water shortage as indicators of water scarcity. In our analytical framework, dependency occurs if water from upstream is needed to avoid scarcity. This can be diagnosed by comparing different types of water availability on which a sub-basin relies, in particular local runoff and upstream inflows. At the same time, possible upstream water withdrawals reduce available water downstream, influencing the latter water availability. By developing a framework of scarcity and dependency, we contribute to the understanding of transitions between system regimes. We apply our analytical framework to global transboundary river basins at the scale of sub-basin areas (SBAs). Our results show that 1175 million people live under water stress (42 % of the total transboundary population). Surprisingly, the majority (1150 million) of these currently suffer from stress only due to their own excessive water use and possible water from upstream does not have impact on the stress status – i.e. they are not yet dependent on upstream water to avoid stress – but could still impact on the intensity of the stress. At the same time, 386 million people (14 %) live in SBAs that can avoid stress owing to available water from upstream and have thus upstream dependency. In the case of water shortage, 306 million people (11 %) live in SBAs dependent on upstream water to avoid possible shortage. The identification of transitions between system regimes sheds light on how SBAs may be affected in the future, potentially contributing to further refined analysis of inter- and intrabasin hydro-political power relations and strategic planning of management practices in transboundary basins.

scholarly journals Modelling global water stress of the recent past: on the relative importance of trends in water demand and climate variability

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 3785-3808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Wada ◽  
L. P. H. van Beek ◽  
M. F. P. Bierkens
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Blue Water ◽  
Global Population

Abstract. During the past decades, human water use has more than doubled, yet available freshwater resources are finite. As a result, water scarcity has been prevalent in various regions of the world. Here, we present the first global assessment of past development of water stress considering not only climate variability but also growing water demand, desalinated water use and non-renewable groundwater abstraction over the period 1960–2001 at a spatial resolution of 0.5°. Agricultural water demand is estimated based on past extents of irrigated areas and livestock densities. We approximate past economic development based on GDP, energy and household consumption and electricity production, which are subsequently used together with population numbers to estimate industrial and domestic water demand. Climate variability is expressed by simulated blue water availability defined by freshwater in rivers, lakes, wetlands and reservoirs by means of the global hydrological model PCR-GLOBWB. We thus define blue water stress by comparing blue water availability with corresponding net total blue water demand by means of the commonly used, Water Scarcity Index. The results show a drastic increase in the global population living under water-stressed conditions (i.e. moderate to high water stress) due to growing water demand, primarily for irrigation, which has more than doubled from 1708/818 to 3708/1832 km3 yr−1 (gross/net) over the period 1960–2000. We estimate that 800 million people or 27% of the global population were living under water-stressed conditions for 1960. This number is eventually increased to 2.6 billion or 43% for 2000. Our results indicate that increased water demand is a decisive factor for heightened water stress in various regions such as India and North China, enhancing the intensity of water stress up to 200%, while climate variability is often a main determinant of extreme events. However, our results also suggest that in several emerging and developing economies (e.g. India, Turkey, Romania and Cuba) some of past extreme events were anthropogenically driven due to increased water demand rather than being climate-induced.

scholarly journals Drought resistance of sugar-cane crop for different levels of water availability in the soil

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando da S. Barbosa ◽  
Rubens D. Coelho ◽  
Rafael Maschio ◽  
Carlos J. G. de S. Lima ◽  
Everaldo M. da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Final Population ◽  
Different Levels

Soil water availability is the main cause of reduced productivity, and the early development period most sensitive to water deficit. This study aimed to evaluate the drought resistance of the varieties of sugar-cane RB867515 and SP81-3250 during the early development using different levels of water deficit on four soil depths. The experiment was conducted at the Department of Biosystems at Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ/USP) in a greenhouse in soil classified as Oxisol, sandy loam texture (Series "Sertãozinho"). Once exhausted the level of available water in the soil, the dry strength of the studied strains are relatively low. Water balance with values less than -13 mm cause a significant decrease in the final population of plants, regardless of the variety, and values below -35 mm, leads to the death of all plants.

Capacity for Proline Accumulation During Water Stress in Barley and Its Implications for Breeding for Drought Resistance 1

Crop Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Hanson ◽  
C. E. Nelsen ◽  
A. R. Pedersen ◽  
E. H. Everson
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Proline Accumulation
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