Regenerative studies on the detached leaves of Echeveria elegans. Patterns of regeneration of leaves in sterile culture

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 2015-2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. S. Raju ◽  
Henry E. Mann
Keyword(s):  
Agar Medium ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Proximal Region ◽  
Leaf Base ◽  
Regeneration Potential ◽  
Inverted Position ◽  
Sterile Culture ◽  
Regeneration Pattern ◽  
Detached Leaf ◽  
Detached Leaves

Entire detached leaves (L30 and older) and leaf-halves of Echeveria elegans Bgr. were cultured aseptically on an agar medium to study their regenerative capacity. The entire leaves with their bases intact produced shoots and roots regardless of whether they were placed erect, inverted, or flat on the medium. Similar leaves with their bases severed and placed erect produced roots from their cut ends. The proximal leaf-halves showed a regeneration pattern similar to the entire leaves depending on, of course, whether the leaf bases were cut or not. The regeneration in the distal halves was identical to the proximal halves whose bases had been removed. In the inverted position, a few distal halves and proximal halves with their bases removed produced shoots and roots. In all leaf types, inverted, erect, or flat, the regeneration occurred at the proximal end and in some exceptional cases, roots were formed at the distal cut end too. In general, the regeneration potential appeared to be much greater in the proximal parts than in the distal parts of detached leaves and the anatomy in the former was more favorable for regeneration than in the latter. Cutting the leaf base altered the regeneration pattern in the detached leaf but it did not have any effect on the capacity for regeneration to produce differentiated organs. The leaf fragments showed strict polarity in shoot formation which occurred only in the proximal region. The roots, on the other hand, appeared at proximal and distal ends.

Regenerative studies on the detached leaves of Echeveria elegans. Anatomy and regeneration of leaves in sterile culture

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 1887-1891 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. S. Raju ◽  
Henry E. Mann
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Vascular Differentiation ◽  
Leaf Base ◽  
Adaxial Side ◽  
Regenerative Capacity ◽  
Abaxial Side ◽  
Sterile Culture ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Young Leaves

Excised leaves, L1–L30, of Echeveria elegans Bgr. were cultured aseptically on an agar medium to study their regenerative capacity. The younger leaves tended to produce roots earlier than shoots and some had not produced shoots by the time of termination of the experiments. The older leaves produced shoots earlier than roots and in such instances the shoots appeared on the adaxial side. In no case was the appearance of shoots on the abaxial side of the leaf noticed and this suggested the possible manifestation of polarity of regeneration. The leaf regeneration to produce roots or shoots depended on the degree of vascular differentiation, particularly at the leaf base where regeneration normally occurs. In young leaves that had little or no vascular differentiation at the time of their isolation, abundant callus appeared in which the first primordia initiated were of roots. The old detached leaves had short petioles, which contained mature vascular tissue, and produced very little callus in culture.

scholarly journals In vitro Shoot Cultures of Tupistra albiflora K. Larsen

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 405-411
Author(s):  
Jiraporn PALEE
Keyword(s):  
Agar Medium ◽  
Multiple Shoots ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
In Vitro Shoots

To evaluate an efficient protocol for the micropropagation of Tupistra albiflora K. Larsen, the effects of N6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) concentrations on multiple shoot and root induction were examined. In vitro shoots were used as the explant materials which were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) agar medium supplemented with 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 mg/L BA for 4 weeks to induce multiple shoots. It was found that the MS medium containing 3 mg/L BA induced 100 % shoot formation with the highest number of 3.2 shoots per explant (2.4-fold significantly higher than the control). For root induction, in vitro shoots were cultured on MS agar medium supplemented with 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 mg/L NAA for 8 weeks. The results showed that the MS medium containing 1 mg/L NAA induced 100 % root formation with the highest number of 6.6 roots per explant (1.8-fold significantly higher than the control).

scholarly journals Detached leaf in vitro model for masked mycotoxin biosynthesis and subsequent analysis of unknown conjugates

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. De Boevre ◽  
A. Vanheule ◽  
K. Audenaert ◽  
B. Bekaert ◽  
J. Diana Di Mavungu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Model ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Detached Leaf ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Mycotoxin Biosynthesis ◽  
Derivatives Of

The manuscript details the development of an in vitro model plant system using detached leaves because there is a need for biosynthetic methods for the production and isolation of masked mycotoxins. This detached leaf in vitro model was firstly applied to deoxynivalenol with satisfying results. The biosynthesis of deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside was confirmed using its respective commercially available reference standard. Secondly, the detached leaf in vitro model was applied to T-2 toxin. Mono- and tri-glucoside derivatives of T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin, T-2-(3)-glucoside, T-2-(3)-triglucoside and HT-2-(3)-glucoside were identified and characterised using Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry. This is the first report on a triglucoside of T-2 toxin. The discovery of new masked forms implies the importance of the development of analytical methods for their detection, the constitution of toxicity studies, and proving the relevance of their presence in the food and feed chain.

Assessing resistance to spring black stem and leaf spot of alfalfa caused by Phoma spp.

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 311-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Wang ◽  
S. F. Hwang ◽  
K. F. Chang ◽  
B. D. Gossen ◽  
G. D. Turnbull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Disease Reaction ◽  
Detached Leaf ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Phoma Sclerotioides

The disease reaction of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) cultivars to spring black stem was evaluated in field trials and greenhouse experiments. In field trials, differences in cultivar reaction to leaf spot (predominantly spring black stem) were observed in 9 of 16 station years. The reaction of certain cultivars was consistent across most trials, but other cultivars were quite variable. Under controlled conditions, one isolate each of Phoma sclerotioides and P. exigua produced symptoms on alfalfa leaves that were similar to those caused by P. medicaginis. These results indicate that P. medicaginis is not the only pathogen responsible for symptoms of spring black stem on alfalfa in the prairie region. In a detached-leaf study, one isolate each of P. medicaginis, P. sclerotioides and P. exigua produced leaf lesions on all 18 alfalfa cultivars assessed. Disease incidence in Absolute, Algonquin, Pickseed 3006 and Anik (M. sativa subsp. falcata) was lower than in 630 and AC Blue J. Inoculation of eight selected cultivars using a range of spore concentrations under controlled conditions showed a similar pattern; all three isolates produced leaf lesions on all eight cultivars. Ino culation with conidial suspensions of P. medicaginis resulted in a lower disease incidence on Absolute than on Beaver. Key words: Medicago sativa, Medicago sativa subsp. falcata, Phoma medicaginis, P. sclerotioides, P. exigua, detached leaves.

scholarly journals Reaction of wheat cultivars and differential lines to Puccinia triticina races in detached leaves

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Turra ◽  
Erlei M. Reis ◽  
Amarilis L. Barcellos
Keyword(s):  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Leaf Rust ◽  
Detached Leaf ◽  
Wheat Leaf ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Wheat Leaves

The method of preserving detached wheat leaves in Petri dish was used for the inoculation and development of the fungus Puccinia triticina, the causal agent of wheat leaf rust. The reaction of 26 wheat cultivars was compared by using seedlings cultivated in pots (in vivo) and detached leaves (in vitro) inoculated with four physiological races of the pathogen. After inoculation, the material was kept in a growth chamber for 15 days. The reaction was evaluated on the 15th day after inoculation. Results for each race in the evaluated genotypes confirmed the efficiency of the detached leaf method in assessing the reaction of wheat cultivars.

scholarly journals Phytonutrients and Metabolism Changes in Topped Radish Root and Its Detached Leaves during 1 °C Cold Postharvest Storage

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Mengpei Liu ◽  
Hye-Young Seo ◽  
Sunggi Min ◽  
Kang-Mo Ku
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Plant Hormones ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Detached Leaf ◽  
Radish Root ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Storage Atmosphere ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Atmosphere Environment

Glucosinolates, lipid-soluble vitamins E and K contents, primary metabolites and plant hormones were analyzed from topped radish root and detached leaf during storage at 1 °C. The topped root was analyzed at 0, 5, 15, 30, and 90 days after storage while the detached leaf was analyzed at 0, 5, 15, 30, and 45 days in an airtight storage atmosphere environment. The results showed that aliphatic glucosinolates were gradually decreased in leaf but not in root. There was a highly significant correlation between tryptophan and 4-methoxyindoleglucobrassicin in both tissues (r = 0.922, n = 10). There was no significant difference in vitamins E and K in leaf and root during storage. Plant hormones partially explained the significantly changed metabolites by tissue and time, which were identified during cold storage. Phenylalanine, lysine, tryptophan, and myo-inositol were the most important biomarkers that explained the difference in leaf and root tissue during cold storage. The most different metabolism between leaf and root tissue was starch and sucrose metabolism. Therefore, different postharvest technology or regimes should be applied to these tissues.

scholarly journals Interaction between Explant Size and Cultivar Affects Shoot Organogenic Competence of Watermelon Cotyledons

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Compton
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Regeneration ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Adventitious Shoot ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Proximal Region ◽  
Specific Region ◽  
Adventitious Shoot Regeneration ◽  
Cotyledon Explants

Organic competence of different explant sizes and locations on watermelon seedlings was determined by calculating the percentage of cotyledon explants that produced adventitious shoots. About 52% (214/412) of explants prepared from the proximal region of cotyledons formed shoots, whereas only ≈6% (24/411) of distal explants did so. Shoot formation was limited to the proximal end of basal explants but was not restricted to any specific region on distal ones. The percentage of explants that produced harvestable shoots was greater from basal halves than basal quarters in `Sweet Gem', `Crimson Sweet', and `Minilee', but explant size did not affect adventitious shoot regeneration of `Yellow Doll', resulting in significant interaction between cultivar and explant size. This study indicates that cultivars that respond poorly to in vitro procedures may have fewer cells competent for shoot regeneration, requiring special care during explant preparation.

scholarly journals Reaction of detached leaves from different varieties of sweet orange to inoculation with Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Maria Orbolato Gonçalves-Zuliani ◽  
Kátia Aparecida Kern Cardoso ◽  
José Belasque Junior ◽  
Carlos Alexandre Zanutto ◽  
Heraldo Takao Hashiguti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Citrus Canker ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Xanthomonas Citri ◽  
Lesion Development ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Detached Leaf ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Resistance To Infection

ABSTRACT Citrus genotypes show a broad range of resistance to infection with Xanthomonas citri subsp citri (Xcc), the causal agent of Asiatic citrus canker (ACC). The aim of this study was to evaluate a detached leaf inoculation method to compare nine different citrus genotypes that exhibit varied resistance levels to ACC, and to evaluate infection, colonization and symptom development of the varieties by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Inoculation of Xcc in the leaves was carried out by producing injuries with needles. Lesion diameters were measured at 7, 10 and 13 days after inoculation (DAI). The variety Pera IAC was most resistant to the pathogen and had lesions with smaller diameters, while the variety Washington was most susceptible and had the largest lesions, indicating low resistance to Xcc. SEM images were taken from the lesion development, and sections were obtained from the disease lesions in the tested varieties. The most resistant variety, Pera IAC, had smaller stomatal openings and produced greater quantity of foliar exudates, compared with the variety Washington. We hypothesize that the exudates may contain Xcc toxic compounds and thus may be a defense mechanism against infection by Xcc, but further research is required to establish any antibiotic effects of the exudates against citrus canker.

scholarly journals Detached and Attached Arabidopsis Leaf Assays Reveal Distinctive Defense Responses Against Hemibiotrophic Colletotrichum spp.

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1308-1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guosheng Liu ◽  
Regan Kennedy ◽  
David L. Greenshields ◽  
Gary Peng ◽  
Lily Forseille ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression Analysis ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Disease Symptom ◽  
Symptom Development ◽  
Detached Leaf ◽  
Reference Isolate ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp ◽  
Plant Assays

The agriculturally important genus Colletotrichum is an emerging model pathogen for studying defense in Arabidopsis. During the process of screening for novel pathogenic Colletotrichum isolates on Arabidopsis, we found significant differences in defense responses between detached and attached leaf assays. A near-adapted isolate Colletotrichum linicola A1 could launch a typical infection only on detached, but not attached, Arabidopsis leaves. Remarkably, resistance gene-like locus RCH1-mediated resistance in intact plants also was compromised in detached leaves during the attacks with the virulent reference isolate C. higginsianum. The differences in symptom development between the detached leaf and intact plant assays were further confirmed on defense-defective mutants following inoculation with C. higginsianum, where the greatest inconsistency occurred on ethylene-insensitive mutants. In intact Arabidopsis plants, both the salicylic acid- and ethylene-dependent pathways were required for resistance to C. higginsianum and were associated with induced expression of pathogenesis-related genes PR1 and PDF1.2. In contrast, disease symptom development in detached leaves appeared to be uncoupled from these defense pathways and more closely associated with senescence: an observation substantiated by coordinated gene expression analysis and disease symptom development, and chemically and genetically mimicking senescence.

scholarly journals Propagation of Sedum spectabile Boreau in Leaf Culture in Vitro

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuiqin YANG ◽  
Yaoguo QIN ◽  
Xin SUN ◽  
Shu YUAN ◽  
Honghui LIN
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Regeneration ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Shoot Induction ◽  
Leaf Base ◽  
Stem Segments

An efficient protocol was established for Sedum spectabile Boreau propagation. Various leaf parts were used as explants to regenerate plantlets, the stem segments of which were cultured for shoot proliferation and plantlet multiplication. The results showed that the leaf base was the optimal explant, as compared to both the middle and the top of leaves, for shoot formation. The highest shoot induction of 88.9% was observed on MS medium supplemented with 0.6 mg/l TDZ and 0.1 mg/l NAA. Hyperhydric leaves obtained in primary culture developed first into abnormal somatic embryos 10 days after subculture, and then into hyperhydric plantlets after an additional 10 days. The hyperhydric plantlets reversed to normal plantlets when plant growth regulators were removed from culture medium. Further, stem segments from reversed plantlets were used for shoot regeneration and root induction. Optimal shoot regeneration was obtained in MS medium containing 0.6 mg/l TDZ with 0.1 mg/l NAA. Root induction and root mean number were all higher on auxin-free medium than on medium containing auxins.

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