Some biological effects of volatiles emanating from wood

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 719-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Rice
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Fixed Period ◽  
Fungus Growth

Early in vitro observations on the biological activity of volatiles from heat-dried woods indicated two major properties: one of retarding growth of higher plants and another of stimulating growth of a wood-inhabiting Basidiomycete. For the purpose of determining the chemical nature of the active volatiles and their parent sources principally in red pine wood (Pinus resinosa), these two properties were investigated separately with the aid of bioassay techniques. Two test organisms were used: germinated kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and the fungus Fomes annosus. Various dose levels of volatile sources were suspended over the test organisms for a fixed period of time, after which growth was measured.Experimental evidence indicated that bean growth inhibition and fungus growth stimulation could be attributed to volatile autoxidation products derived from certain unsaturated fatty components of wood. In particular, linoleic acid appeared to be a major phytoactive source. A number of aliphatic aldehydes, reported in the literature as fat autoxidation products, were found to be phytotoxic to beans in appropriate quantities, but none had any growth promoting properties on the fungus. Also, indications were that fungus response to wood volatiles was largely independent of the nutrient status of the substrate, provided a suitable nutrient complement was present. It was proposed that yet unidentified non-aldehydic substances, or specific untested aldehydes, functioned as the growth factors.

Compatibility of plant growth promoting rhizobacterial strains with agrichemicals applied to seed

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Zablotowicz ◽  
Caroline M. Press ◽  
Nicola Lyng ◽  
Gerry L. Brown ◽  
Joseph W. Kloepper
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Select Group ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

The compatibility of a select group of plant growth promoting rhizobacterial strains with chemicals commonly used as seed treatments was investigated. Strains in several genera (Serratia, Pseudomonas, and coryneform-like bacteria) were found to be tolerant to Vitavax RS (containing lindane, carboxin, and thiram), Epic (iprodione), and (or) captan tested in vitro at commercial rates. Six of 10 strains survived equally, and exhibited similar root colonization, on Vitavax RS treated and nontreated seed. Four of seven strains tested (Serratia spp. and P. fluorescens) were likewise found to be compatible with a captan seed treatment on supersweet corn, using the same criteria. Ability of bacteria to grow on pesticide-amended media did not always indicate compatibility with chemical seed treatments in vivo. A greenhouse study demonstrated that enhanced emergence occurred with the coryneform-like strain 44-9 on Vitavax RS treated canola seed grown under conditions favoring disease due to Rhizoctonia solani. The ability to combine plant growth promoting rhizobacterial strains with current agrichemicals for plant growth stimulation and disease control is indicated. Key words: pesticide compatibility, Pseudomonas, agrichemicals, Serratia, damping-off, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria.

scholarly journals In vitro co-metabolism of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) by the mucin-degrading bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260757
Author(s):  
Yun Xia ◽  
Xuxiang Zhang ◽  
Mingxin Jiang ◽  
Hongbo Zhang ◽  
Yinfeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Akkermansia Muciniphila ◽  
Degrading Bacterium ◽  
Metabolomic Data ◽  
Important Addition ◽  
Growth Promoting

Akkermansia muciniphila is a Gram-negative bacterium that resides within the gut mucus layer, and plays an important role in promoting gut barrier integrity, modulating the immune response and inhibiting gut inflammation. Growth stimulation of A. muciniphila by polyphenols including epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) from difference sources is well-documented. However, no published in vitro culture data on utilization of polyphenols by A. muciniphila are available, and the mechanism of growth-stimulating prebiotic effect of polyphenols on it remains unclear. Here in vitro culture studies have been carried out on the metabolism of EGCG by A. muciniphila in the presence of either mucin or glucose. We found that A. muciniphila did not metabolize EGCG alone but could co-metabolize it together with both these substrates in the presence of mineral salts and amino acids for mucin and protein sources for glucose. Our metabolomic data show that A. muciniphila converts EGCG to gallic acid, epigallocatechin, and (-)-epicatechin through ester hydrolysis. The (-)-epicatechin formed is then further converted to hydroxyhydroquinone. Co-metabolism of A. muciniphila of EGCG together with either mucin or glucose promoted substantially its growth, which serves as a further demonstration of the growth-promoting effect of polyphenols on A. muciniphila and provides an important addition to the currently available proposed mechanisms of polyphenolic prebiotic effects on A. muciniphila.

A phase Ib trial of atacicept (TACI-Ig) to neutralize APRIL and BLyS in patients with refractory or relapsed B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL)

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 3029-3029 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Kofler ◽  
T. Elter ◽  
A. Gianella-Borradori ◽  
S. Busby ◽  
C. M. Wendtner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Escalation ◽  
B Lymphocyte ◽  
Treated Patient ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Dose Escalation Study ◽  
Dose Levels

3029 Background: B-CLL cells are resistant to apoptosis and thus exhibit prolonged survival and accumulation in vivo. Exogenously added soluble BLyS (B-Lymphocyte Stimulator) and APRIL (A PRoliferation-Inducing Ligand) have been shown to protect B-CLL cells from apoptosis in vitro. Nurse-like cells derived in vitro from CLL patients express high levels of APRIL and BLyS and thereby support CLL cell survival. Inhibition of APRIL significantly reduces CLL viability in vitro, indicating an important role for APRIL in this setting. Methods: This is an open-label, dose-escalation phase I trial to assess the safety, pharmacokinetics and biological effects of atacicept administered intravenously once weekly for 5 weeks to patients with refractory or relapsed B-CLL. Eligible patients are being enrolled in sequential cohorts of 3 to receive atacicept at 1, 4, 10, 15, 20 or 27 mg/kg. Evaluation of response is being assessed using NCI-WG criteria. Results: Preliminary results of the first 4 cohorts of the dose-escalation study are reported. Twelve CLL patients have entered the trial. No dose limiting toxicity has been observed and no SAE related to study drug has been reported to date. One case of mild nausea is the only drug-related toxicity reported to date. Three of six patients treated with 10 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg experienced a stabilization of their disease during the treatment period; prior to start of atacicept treatment, all had rapidly increasing leukocyte counts. One of these patients (10 mg/kg cohort), who was refractory to fludarabine therapy, has had stable disease according to NCI-WG criteria for over six months and is still receiving atacicept treatment. This same patient had a slight decrease (approximately 14% change from baseline) in absolute CLL cell concentration by Day 29 before final dosing. At lower dose levels all patients demonstrated progressive disease. Conclusions: Treatment with atacicept was well tolerated at the dose levels tested so far. The multiple cases of disease stabilization at higher dose levels in this heavily pre-treated patient population are promising, and support further study with atacicept in CLL. Accrual of patients at higher dose levels is ongoing. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

In vitro and in vivo polysaccharides assembly: ultrastructural and cytochemical study of growing plant cell wall components.

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 434-435
Author(s):  
D. Reis ◽  
B. Vian ◽  
J. C. Roland
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cytochemical Study ◽  
Wall Components

Wall morphogenesis in higher plants is a problem still open to controversy. Until now the possibility of a transmembrane control and the involvement of microtubules were mostly envisaged. Self-assembly processes have been observed in the case of walls of Chlamydomonas and bacteria. Spontaneous gelling interactions between xanthan and galactomannan from Ceratonia have been analyzed very recently. The present work provides indications that some processes of spontaneous aggregation could occur in higher plants during the formation and expansion of cell wall.Observations were performed on hypocotyl of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) for which growth characteristics and wall composition have been previously defined.In situ, the walls of actively growing cells (primary walls) show an ordered three-dimensional organization (fig. 1). The wall is typically polylamellate with multifibrillar layers alternately transverse and longitudinal. Between these layers intermediate strata exist in which the orientation of microfibrils progressively rotates. Thus a progressive change in the morphogenetic activity occurs.

Ultrastructural Changes in Three Different Mammalian Cells Following Ultraviolet Laser Irradiation

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 350-351
Author(s):  
K. Shankar Narayan ◽  
Kailash C. Gupta ◽  
Tohru Okigaki
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Ultraviolet Laser

The biological effects of short-wave ultraviolet light has generally been described in terms of changes in cell growth or survival rates and production of chromosomal aberrations. Ultrastructural changes following exposure of cells to ultraviolet light, particularly at 265 nm, have not been reported.We have developed a means of irradiating populations of cells grown in vitro to a monochromatic ultraviolet laser beam at a wavelength of 265 nm based on the method of Johnson. The cell types studies were: i) WI-38, a human diploid fibroblast; ii) CMP, a human adenocarcinoma cell line; and iii) Don C-II, a Chinese hamster fibroblast cell strain. The cells were exposed either in situ or in suspension to the ultraviolet laser (UVL) beam. Irradiated cell populations were studied either "immediately" or following growth for 1-8 days after irradiation.Differential sensitivity, as measured by survival rates were observed in the three cell types studied. Pattern of ultrastructural changes were also different in the three cell types.

The role of aromatic microbial metabolites

2018 ◽  
pp. 97-108
Author(s):  
Н.В. Белобородова ◽  
В.В. Мороз ◽  
А.Ю. Бедова
Keyword(s):  
Process Integration ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Microbial Metabolites ◽  
Blood Concentrations

Интеграция метаболизма макроорганизма и его микробиоты, обеспечивающая в норме симбиоз и саногенез, нарушается при заболеваниях, травме, критическом состоянии, и вектор взаимодействия может изменяться в пользу прокариотов по принципу «метаболиты бактерий - против хозяина». Анализ литературы показал, что, с одной стороны, имеется живой интерес к ароматическим микробным метаболитам, с другой - отсутствует четкое представление об их роли в организме человека. Публикации, касающиеся ряда ароматических микробных метаболитов (фенилкарбоновых кислот, ФКК), как правило, не связаны между собой по тематике и направлены на решение тех или иных прикладных задач в разных областях биологии и медицины. Цель обзора - анализ информации о происхождении, биологических эффектах ФКК в экспериментах in vitro и in vivo , и клинических наблюдениях. Обобщая результаты приведенных в обзоре исследований на клеточном, субклеточном и молекулярном уровнях, логично предположить участие ароматических микробных метаболитов в патогенезе полиорганной недостаточности при сепсисе. Наиболее перспективным для раскрытия роли ароматических микробных метаболитов представляется изучение механизмов вторичной почечной недостаточности и септической энцефалопатии. Важным направлением для будущих исследований является изучение влияния продуктов микробной биодеградации ароматических соединений на развитие диссеминированного внутрисосудистого свертывания крови, артериальной гипотензии и септического шока. Результаты дальнейших исследований будут иметь не только фундаментальное значение, но и обогатят практическую медицину новыми диагностическими и лечебными технологиями. Significant increases in blood concentrations of some aromatic metabolites (phenylcarboxylic acids, PhCAs) in patients with sepsis have been previously shown. Enhanced bacterial biodegradation of aromatic compounds has been demonstrated to considerably contribute to this process. Integration of macroorganism metabolism and its microbiota, which provides normal symbiosis and sanogenesis, is disturbed in diseases, trauma, and critical conditions. Direction of this interaction may change in favor of prokaryotes according to the principle, “bacterial metabolites are against the host”. Analysis of literature showed a particular interest of many investigators to aromatic microbial metabolites. However, there is no clear understanding of their role in the human body. Publications on PhCAs are generally not thematically interrelated and usually focus on solving applied tasks in different fields of biology and medicine. The aim of this work was to consolidate existing information about origin and biological effects of PhCAs in in vitro / in vivo experiments and some clinical findings. The presented summary of reported data from studies performed at cellular, sub-cellular, and molecular levels suggests participation of aromatic microbial metabolites in the pathogenesis of multiple organ failure in sepsis. Studying mechanisms of secondary renal failure and septic encephalopathy is most promising for discovering the function of aromatic microbial metabolites. Effects of microbial biodegradation products of aromatic substances on development of disseminated intravascular coagulation, hypotension, and septic shock are an important challenge for future studies. Results of further investigations will be not only fundamental, but will also enrich medical practice with new diagnostic and therapeutic technologies.

Antioxidant Activity, Phenolic Content and Hematoprotective Effects of Cleome arabica Polyphenolic Leaf Extract

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Tigrine ◽  
A. Kameli
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Hematological Toxicity ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Ferrous Ions ◽  
Polyphenolic Extract ◽  
Cleome Arabica

In this study a polyphenolic extract from Cleome arabica leaves (CALE) was investigated for its antioxidant activity in vitro using DPPH•, metal chelating and reducing power methods and for its protective effects against AraC-induced hematological toxicity in vivo using Balb C mice. Results indicated that CALE exhibited a strong and dose-dependent scavenging activity against the DPPH• free radical (IC50 = 4.88 μg/ml) and a high reducing power activity (EC50 = 4.85 μg/ml). Furthermore, it showed a good chelating effects against ferrous ions (IC50 = 377.75 μg/ml). The analysis of blood showed that subcutaneous injection of AraC (50 mg/kg) to mice during three consecutive days caused a significant myelosupression (P < 0.05). The combination of CALE and AraC protected blood cells from a veritable toxicity. Where, the number of the red cells, the amount of hemoglobin and the percentage of the hematocrite were significantly high. On the other hand, AraC cause an elevation of body temperature (39 °C) in mice. However, the temperature of the group treated with CALE and AraC remained normal and did not exceed 37.5 °C. The observed biological effects of CALE, in vitro as well as in vivo, could be due to the high polyphenol and flavonoid contents. In addition, the antioxidant activity of CALE suggested to be responsible for its hematoprotective effect.

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Lectin Exhibit Inhibition of ACE-I, α-amylase and α-glucosidase Activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 494-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameer Suresh Bhagyawant ◽  
Dakshita Tanaji Narvekar ◽  
Neha Gupta ◽  
Amita Bhadkaria ◽  
Ajay Kumar Gautam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Carbohydrate Binding ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Chickpea Lectin

Background: Diabetes and hypertension are the major health concern and alleged to be of epidemic proportions. This has made it a numero uno subject at various levels of investigation. Glucosidase inhibitor provides the reasonable option in treatment of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) as it specifically targets post prandial hyperglycemia. The Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) plays an important role in hypertension. Therefore, inhibition of ACE in treatment of elevated blood pressure attracts special interest of the scientific community. Chickpea is a food legume and seeds contain carbohydrate binding protein- a lectin. Some of the biological properties of this lectin hitherto been elucidated. Methods: Purified by ion exchange chromatography, chickpea lectin was tested for its in vitro antioxidant, ACE-I inhibitory and anti-diabetic characteristic. Results: Lectin shows a characteristic improvement over the synthetic drugs like acarbose (oral anti-diabetic drug) and captopril (standard antihypertensive drug) when, their IC50 values are compared. Lectin significantly inhibited α-glucosidase and α-amylase in a concentration dependent manner with IC50 values of 85.41 ± 1.21 ҝg/ml and 65.05 ± 1.2 µg/ml compared to acarbose having IC50 70.20 ± 0.47 value of µg/ml and 50.52 ± 1.01 µg/ml respectively. β-Carotene bleaching assay showed antioxidant activity of lectin (72.3%) to be as active as Butylated Hydroxylanisole (BHA). In addition, lectin demonstrated inhibition against ACE-I with IC50 value of 57.43 ± 1.20 µg/ml compared to captopril. Conclusion: Lectin demonstrated its antioxidant character, ACE-I inhibition and significantly inhibitory for α-glucosidase and α-amylase seems to qualify as an anti-hyperglycemic therapeutic molecule. The biological effects of chickpea lectin display potential for reducing the parameters of medically debilitating conditions. These characteristics however needs to be established under in vivo systems too viz. animals through to humans.

Pleiotropic Effect of Mahanine and Girinimbine Analogs: Anticancer Mechanism and its Therapeutic Versatility

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 1983-1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Lenin Maruthanila ◽  
Ramakrishnan Elancheran ◽  
Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkar ◽  
Senthamaraikannan Kabilan ◽  
Jibon Kotoky
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Pleiotropic Effect ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Chemopreventive Agents ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anticancer Mechanism ◽  
Metastasis Development

Emerging evidence present credible support in favour of the potential role of mahanine and girinimbine. Non-toxic herbal carbazole alkaloids occur in the edible part of Murraya koenigii, Micromelum minutum, M. zeylanicum, and M. euchrestiolia. Mahanine and girinimbine are the major potent compounds from these species. In fact, they interfered with tumour expansion and metastasis development through down-regulation of apoptotic and antiapoptotic protein, also involved in the stimulation of cell cycle arrest. Consequently, these compounds were well proven for the in-vitro and in vivo evaluation that could be developed as novel agents either alone or as an adjuvant to conventional therapeutics. Therefore, mahanine and girinimbine analogs have the potential to be the promising chemopreventive agents for the tumour recurrence and the treatment of human malignancies. In this review, an updated wide-range of pleiotropic anticancer and biological effects induction by mahanine and girinimbine against cancer cells were deeply summarized.

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