Quantitative relationships among vegetation and soil classifications from northeastern Minnesota

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Grigal ◽  
H. F. Arneman
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
The Other ◽  
Numerical Classification ◽  
Upland Forest ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Environmental Classification ◽  
Overstory Composition ◽  
Diagnostic Properties

A number of classifications of 40 upland forest stands from northeastern Minnesota were carried out and the results were compared. Numerical classifications based on various vegetation properties, on soil properties, and on synthesized environmental gradients of heat, moisture, and nutrients, and non-numerical classifications based on cover type and soil were examined.The vegetation classification based on frequency of all vascular species, excluding those occurring in only one stand, was most closely related to the other vegetation classifications, to the soil classifications, and to the environmental classification. Classifications based on overstory vegetation were poorly related to both those based on soil and on environment. In the study area, overstory composition is relatively insensitive to soils and environment. The numerical classification based on all 22 soil properties which were measured was more closely related to the vegetation classifications than was the non-numerical soil classification based on a few "diagnostic" properties. To find relationships between various classifications of natural systems, it is necessary to use both relevant properties and a correct scale of classification.

Comparative influence of soil and management on barley yield in the Vale of Whitehorse, England

1987 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. O. Ogunkunle ◽  
P. H. T. Beckett
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Yield Prediction ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
O 15

SummaryThe reliability of the soil series as a basis for crop yield prediction was examined by comparing the influence of soil and management (inter-farmer differences) on the variance of barley grain yield. Yields of barley were measured from farmers' fields for 2 years and in undisturbed soil cores for 5 years. Fields on different soil series within farms and on the same soil series across farms were used. Linear stepwise regressions of yield on a number of soil properties were also examined to assess the relative influence of soil and management on the properties that were significant to yield.The results show that generally, soil classification has a strong influence on yield variance, but there is clear evidence that the influence of management, specifically the cumulative effect of P and K fertilizer applications, is considerable. Thus in an undisturbed core, for the first 3 years when N, P, K and Mg were applied, the influence of soil was stronger than that of management, but this was reversed in the 4th year when P and K were not applied. Similarly in the field, the influence of soil was stronger in the 1st year, but this was reversed in the 2nd year, although on different field-farm combinations. In all cases, the influence of neither soil nor management was significantly stronger than the other.The results of the regression studies also confirmed those of yield variance in that in general, neither soil nor management has exclusive control of the yield variance. The soil was significantly stronger than management in the control of only coarse sand content at 0–15 cm out of the four soil properties (including Mg and pH (0–15 cm) and K (15–30 cm)) which were significant to yield in the cores. On the other hand, management was significantly stronger than soil in the control of only available P at O–15 cm out of the three soil properties (including Cu and Mg both at 0–15 cm) that were significant to field yield.It is concluded that for soil classification to be a reliable basis for yield prediction and/or agrotechnology transfer, the effect of management must be emphasized.

Under the Volcano: Media, Ecology and the Crisis of Nature

2012 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Lewis ◽  
Belinda Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Politics ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Media Ecology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Human Interventions ◽  
Under The Volcano ◽  
Crisis Conditions ◽  
The One

The 2011 Japanese earthquake and subsequent malfunction at the Fukushima nuclear power plant occurred at the apex of a complex crisis of nature. While some commentators claim that the Fukushima malfunction was the result of a ‘natural disaster’, others situate the event within a broader context of human interventions in ecological and natural systems. Exercised through the global mediasphere, these environmental language wars are formed within crisis conditions and a crisis consciousness that have extensive genealogical roots. This article examines the crisis of nature in terms of contemporary and genealogical language wars that are embedded in a cultural politics of apocalysm. In particular, the article problematises the concept of ‘nature’ in terms of the disaggregation of human and non-human life systems. It argues that this disaggregation confounds the cultural politics of life (-death) systems, leading to excessive violence on the one hand, and Romantic idealisation on the other. The article recommends a reconceptualisation of nature that implicates all humans and human desires across the global mediasphere.

A new approach to soil classification mapping based on the spatial distribution of soil properties

Geoderma ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 219-220 ◽  
pp. 106-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Fagioli da Silva ◽  
Maria João Pereira ◽  
João Daniel Carneiro ◽  
Célia Regina Lopes Zimback ◽  
Paulo Milton Barbosa Landim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
New Approach

scholarly journals Clay-illuvial soils in the Polish and international soil classifications

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cezary Kabała ◽  
Elżbieta Musztyfaga
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Hierarchical Order ◽  
History Of

AbstractSoil with a clay-illuvial subsurface horizon are the most widespread soil type in Poland and significantly differ in morphology and properties developed under variable environmental conditions. Despite the long history of investigations, the rules of classification and cartography of clay-illuvial soils have been permanently discussed and modified. The distinction of clay-illuvial soils into three soil types, introduced to the Polish soil classification in 2011, has been criticized as excessively extended, non-coherent with the other parts and rules of the classification, hard to introduce in soil cartography and poorly correlated with the international soil classifications. One type of clay-illuvial soils (“gleby płowe”) was justified and recommended to reintroduce in soil classification in Poland, as well as 10 soil subtypes listed in a hierarchical order. The subtypes may be combined if the soil has diagnostic features of more than one soil subtypes. Clear rules of soil name generalization (reduction of subtype number for one soil) were suggested for soil cartography on various scales. One of the most important among the distinguished soil sub-types are the “eroded” or “truncated” clay-illuvial soils.

Numerical examination of a field classification of some red, yellow and grey earth profiles

Soil Research ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 343 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Coventry ◽  
WT Williams
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Sampling Interval ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Numerical Classification ◽  
Soil Attributes ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Positive Attribute

Numerical methods have been used to examine an existing and accepted field classification of 48 profiles of red, yellow, and grey earths (mainly Alfisols) from central north Queensland. The three-dimensional soils data (sites by depths by descriptors, which may be mixed in type) were converted to a form which appeared to the computer as a two-dimensional set of profiles by attributes. The soils data were from independent depth intervals, and no assumptions were made about the inter-relationships among soil layers tvithin a profile; nor were the values of any of the soil attributes weighted. In order to consider shallow profiles on the same total depth basis as the deep profiles, the absence of a soil horizon or sampling interval at depth has been regarded as a positive attribute in the numerical classification. Comparison of the traditional field classification and a numerical classification of the same soils dataset showed that certain soil attributes played an important role in both classifications. The most striking difference between them was the relative importance of soil colour attributes, from which it might be argued that field pedologists have assigned to colour a weight out of proportion to its real importance in soil classification. However, this attribute carries additional information about the mineral constituents and hydrological regimes of the soils, and represents information known to, and used by, the field pedologist but not revealed to the computer. The essential subjectivity in the choice of attributes for soil classification is demonstrated.

scholarly journals Harmonisation of a large-scale historical database with the actual Czech soil classification system

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 101-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tereza Zádorová ◽  
Daniel Žížala ◽  
Vít Penížek ◽  
Aleš Vaněk
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Taxonomic Distance ◽  
Historical Database ◽  
Legacy Data ◽  
Soil Units ◽  
Data Harmonisation

The possibility of the adequate use of data and maps from historical soil surveys depends, to a large measure, on their harmonisation. Legacy data originating from a large-scale national mapping campaign, “Systematic soil survey of agricultural soils in Czechoslovakia (SSS, 1961–1971)”, were harmonised and converted according to the actual system of soil classification and descriptions used in Czechia – the Czech taxonomic soil classification system (CTSCS). Applying the methods of taxonomic distance and quantitative analysis and reclassification of the selected soil properties, the conversion of two types of mapping soil units with different detailed soil information (General soil representative (GSR), and Basic soil representative (BSR)) to their counterparts in the CTSCS has been effectuated. The results proved the good potential of the used methods for the soil data harmonisation. The closeness of the concepts of the two classifications was shown when a number of soil classes had only one counterpart with a very low taxonomic distance. On the contrary, soils with variable soil properties were approximating several related units. The additional information on the soil skeleton content, texture, depth and parent material, available for the BSR units, showed the potential in the specification of some units, though the harmonisation of the soil texture turned out to problematic due to the different categorisation of soil particles. The validation of the results in the study region showed a good overall accuracy (75% for GSR, 76.1% for BSR) for both spatial soil units, when better performance has been observed in BSR. The conversion accuracy differed significantly in the individual soil units, and ranged from almost 100% in Fluvizems to 0% in Anthropozems. The extreme cases of a complete mis-classification can be attributed to inconsistencies originating in the historical database and maps. The study showed the potential of modern quantitative methods in the legacy data harmonisation and also the necessity of a critical approach to historical databases and maps.

Amalgamation and Harmonization of Soil Survey Reports into a Multi-purpose Database

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane Robert Furze ◽  
Paul Arp
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Parent Material ◽  
Soil Surveys

There is a growing demand for standardized, easily accessible and detailed information pertaining to soil and its variability across the landscape. Typically, this information is only available for select areas in the form of local or regional soil surveys reports which are difficult, and costly, to develop. Additionally, soil surveying protocols have changed with time, resulting in inconsistencies between surveys conducted over different periods. This article describes systematic procedures applied to generate an aspatial, terminologically- and unit-consistent, database for forest soils from county-based soil survey reports for the province of New Brunswick, Canada. The procedures involved (i) amalgamating data from individual soil surveys following a hierarchical framework, (ii) summarizing and grouping soil information by soil associations, (iii) assigning correct soil associates to each association, with each soil associate distinguished by drainage classification, (iv) assigning pedologically-correct horizon sequences, as identified in the original soil surveys, to each soil associate, (v) assigning horizon descriptors and measured soil properties to each horizon, as outlined by the Canadian System of Soil Classification, and (vi) harmonizing units of measurement for individual soil properties. Identification and summarization of all soil associations (and corresponding soil associates) was completed with reference to the principal soil-forming factors, namely soil parent material, topographic surface expressions, soil drainage, and dominant vegetation type(s). This procedure, utilizing 17 soil surveys, resulted in an amalgamated database containing 106 soil associations, 243 soil associates, and 522 soil horizon sequences summarizing the variability of forest soil conditions across New Brunswick.

scholarly journals Influence of Mine Soil Properties on White Oak Seedling Growth: A Proposed Mine Soil Classification Model

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia M. Showalter ◽  
James A. Burger ◽  
Carl E. Zipper ◽  
John M. Galbraith ◽  
Patricia F. Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Slope Aspect ◽  
Mine Soil ◽  
White Oak

Abstract Appalachian landowners are becoming increasingly interested in restoring native hardwood forest on reclaimed mined land. Trees are usually planted in topsoil substitutes consisting of blasted rock strata, and reforestation attempts using native hardwoods are often unsuccessful due to adverse soil properties. The purpose of this study was to determine which mine soil properties most influence white oak (Quercus alba L.) seedling growth, and to test whether these properties are reflected adequately in a proposed mine soil classification model developed for application in field assessments of mine soil suitability for reforestation. Seventy-two 3-year-old white oaks were randomly selected across a reclaimed site in southwestern Virginia that varied greatly in spoil/site properties. Tree height was measured and soil samples adjacent to each tree were analyzed for physical, chemical, and biological properties. Our proposed mined land classification model used rock type, compaction, and slope aspect as mapping criteria. Tree height, ranging from 15.2 to 125.0 cm, was regressed against mine soil and site properties. Mapping units were not well correlated with differences in tree height. Microbial biomass, pH, exchangeable potassium, extractable inorganic nitrogen, texture, aspect, and extractable phosphorous accounted for 52% of the variability in tree growth. The regression model shows that white oaks were most successful on northeast-facing aspects, in slightly acidic, sandy loam, fertile mine soils that are conducive to microbial activity. Nutrient availability, although found to be highly influential on tree growth, was not adequately represented in the classification model. We recommend that pH be included as a classification criterion, because it was correlated with all nutrient variables in the regression model.

scholarly journals Investigating the Aging Effects of Biochar on Soil C and Si Dissolution and the Interactive Impact on Copper Immobilization

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (18) ◽  
pp. 4319
Author(s):  
Shaojun Jiang ◽  
Jiachen Wu ◽  
Lianxin Duan ◽  
Sheng Cheng ◽  
Jian Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Silicon Content ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Garden Soil ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Vegetable Garden Soil

Aging tests were used to investigate the long-term effects of BC on the immobilization of Cu, and the soil silicon dissolution of three types soils (black soil, (BS), vegetable garden soil (VS) and red soil (RS)). Litchi branch biochars (BC) at 10% (w/w) were incubated with three Cu (400 mg/kg) contaminated soils. The effect on soil properties of pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and available silicon content were investigated, along with the speciation distribution of Cu. The results indicated that SOC, DOC, and available silicon content (except, BC300) increased with the application of BCs. On the other hand, the DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) extractable Cu content in BS, VS and RS soils were reduced by 4–12%, 18–25%, and 12–19%, respectively. The Cu availability in all soils first increased, and then decreased during the aging process. The sum of the other four fractions, including the carbonate fraction and the inert component increased by 4–4.5% (BS), 1.4–2.1% (VS), and 0.5–1% (RS) respectively, over the long-term process. Moreover, during the whole aging process, the soil properties (such as pH, SOC, DOC and available silicon content) were almost stable. This study demonstrates that BCs, especially those produced at a higher temperature, are superior to those been produced at 300 °C in immobilizing Cu and releasing available silicon in soils. However, the remediation efficiencies were restricted by the soil type contamination status and remediation time.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document