Microfungi of crowns and roots of apparently healthy dormant strawberry plants

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 945-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. O. Gourley
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Fungal Flora ◽  
Black Root Rot ◽  
Fruit Pathogens ◽  
Apparently Healthy

The crowns and roots of 100 cold-stored, apparently healthy strawberry plants of each of the varieties Acadia, Catskill, Cavalier, Gorella, Guardsman, Midway, Redcoat, Sparkle, and Surecrop were examined for their fungal content. Crowns contained representatives of 43 genera; roots contained 38, of which 36 were in both crowns and roots. Strawberry foliar and fruit pathogens were present in a relatively small number of the crowns and roots. In general, Chaetomium spp. and Fusarium spp. were the most prevalent. Chaetomium cochliodes was more prevalent in Cavalier and Redcoat, the varieties most susceptible to root rot in the field, than in the other varieties. The crowns and roots of apparently healthy, dormant strawberry plants contained a fungal flora similar to that associated with the black root rot complex.One fungus, Varicosporium elodeae, isolated from strawberry plants has not previously been reported in Canada.

scholarly journals Relative Performance of Strawberry Cultivars and Native Hybrids on Fumigated and Nonfumigated Soil in Michigan

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Hancock ◽  
Peter W. Callow ◽  
Sedat Serçe ◽  
Annemiek C. Schilder
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Relative Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Black Root Rot ◽  
Strawberry Cultivars ◽  
Better Than

The performance of four California and 11 eastern cultivars of Fragaria×ananassa Duchesne in Lamarck, and 12 elite F1 hybrids of Fragaria×ananassa with F. virginiana Miller in their immediate background was evaluated in a producer's field with and without methyl bromide-chloropicrin fumigation. Averaged across all genotypes, plants in nonfumigated soils had 43% fewer runners, 18% smaller fruit, and 46% lower yields than did plants on fumigated soil. They also had an average of 27% fewer crowns, 49% more root discoloration, significantly fewer fine roots, and showed symptoms of the black root rot syndrome. The most commonly isolated pathogens from discolored roots were Pythium sp., Rhizoctonia sp., Idriella lunata P.E. Nelson & K. Wilh., and the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood). The performance of all genotypes was enhanced by fumigation, although the F. virginiana hybrids performed comparatively better than the other cultivars on nonfumigated soils.

Reaction to common root rot of 14 Triticum species and the incidence of Bipolaris sorokiniana and Fusarium spp. in subcrown internode tissue

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 1805-1810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Harding
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tetraploid Species ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Triticum Timopheevi ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Triticum Species ◽  
The Common

There was wide variation in the common root rot reaction of lines and varieties of 14 Triticum species. The diploids, T. aegilopoides and T. monococcum, were the most resistant. Triticum timopheevi appeared to be more resistant than the other tetraploid species. The highest disease ratings were recorded in the hexaploid group with T. compactum being the most susceptible species. The range of reaction within the T. aestivum group was almost as wide as that over all Triticum species. Several old varieties appeared to have resistance at least equal to Manitou. Bipolaris sorokiniana was isolated from subcrown internodes of all lines and varieties tested. The incidence of B. sorokiniana in tetraploid and hexaploid lines was about twice that found in diploid lines. There were only poor correlations between disease ratings and numbers of internodes yielding B. sorokiniana.

RECENT OBSERVATIONS ON STRAWBERRY ROOT ROT IN THE NIAGARA PENINSULA

1934 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Hildebrand
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Apparently Healthy

The investigations reported here have centred largely around isolations from, and critical microscopic examination of, the roots of affected plants. Isolations from 684 young, adventitious and lateral roots showing definite lesions bordered by turgid, healthy tissue, yielded representatives of approximately 20 different genera of fungi, ranging in frequency of occurrence from 0.4% in the case of Gliocladium to 32.7% in the case of Fusarium. Next to Fusarium, isolates of Ramularia and Pythium appeared most frequently and consistently in culture, the former in 28.5%, and the latter in 10.8%, of the plantings. Results of infection experiments involving these as well as other genera, including Penicillium, Rhizoctonia, Hainesia, Cylindrocladium, Coniothyrium and Helminthosporium, are not yet available and it is impossible at the moment to evaluate the significance of their association with the diseased condition of the roots from which they were isolated. Isolations from 125 apparently healthy rootlets occurring on root systems, other parts of which were more or less severely diseased, yielded representatives of nine different genera of fungi, ranging in frequency of occurrence from 1.6% in the case of Alternaria to 5.6% in the case of Ramularia. Isolates of Fusarium appeared in 4.0% of the plantings.Microscopic examination of 550 adventitious and lateral roots of wild and cultivated plants has revealed the almost universal occurrence in their tissues of two of the so-called "endotrophic mycorrhizal fungi." One of these is of the characteristic phycomycetoid type, producing arbuscules and vesicles, the other, of the Rhizoctonia type familiar in orchids. The former type has been observed much more consistently than the latter. In a number of instances both types have been found in the tissues of the same rootlet. At least three strains of the Rhizoctonia type have been isolated but so far all efforts to culture the other organism have been unsuccessful. Resting spores of Olpidiaster (Asterocystis) and the spherical, smooth-walled spores of some member of the Plasmodiophoraceae were observed in diseased rootlets in the early part of the growing season. Pythium was noted in abundance occurring on diseased roots obtained in the field during September and November.Nematodes have been encountered in association with diseased roots in numbers and frequency sufficient to suggest a possible causal relationship to strawberry root rot.

scholarly journals Management of root rot of soybean in Alberta with fungicide seed treatments and genetic resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Nyandoro ◽  
K.F. Chang ◽  
S.F. Hwang ◽  
H.U. Ahmed ◽  
G.D. Turnbull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
The Other ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Soybean Seedlings ◽  
Severity Rating

Root rot caused by Fusarium spp. is prevalent in soybean crops in Alberta, Canada. To mitigate the risk to soybean crops caused by Fusarium spp., nine seed-treatment fungicide formulations were assessed for their efficacy in promoting seedling survival, reducing root rot symptoms, and maintaining yield. Twelve soybean varieties were also assessed for resistance to seedling blight and tolerance to Fusarium root rot. All treatments except Vibrance + Apron XL improved emergence. All the fungicide formulations reduced root rot severity on Fusarium-inoculated soybean seedlings under field conditions and all treatments except Vibrance + Apron XL reduced root rot under greenhouse conditions. Among the varieties, ‘90M01’ showed lower reductions in emergence than all the others except ‘900Y61’ and ‘900Y81’ under field conditions and emergence losses for ‘900Y71’ were greater than all other varieties. ‘LS003RR’ had a lower disease severity rating compared with ‘TH32004R2Y’, ‘27005RR’, and ‘900Y71’. ‘NSC Portage’ had a higher nodulation rating compared with all the other varieties except ‘90M01’. Yield losses were consistently low for ‘TH32004R2Y’ and ‘900Y71’. Under greenhouse conditions, ‘900Y81’ had lower seedling losses compared with all the other varieties except ‘Tundra’ and ‘OAC Prudence’. ‘900Y71’ had a greater loss of emergence than all the other varieties except ‘NSC Portage’ and ‘LS005RR’. ‘900Y81’, ‘OAC Prudence’, and ‘Tundra’ had lower disease severity compared with all the other varieties except ‘TH27005RR’ and ‘900Y61’. Shoot length and dry mass were lower for ‘900Y81’ compared with all the other varieties, while root dry mass was lower for ‘OAC Prudence’ compared with ‘LS005RR’, ‘90M01’, ‘TH29002RR’, and ‘LS003RR’.

scholarly journals Application of Bacillus pumilus isolates for management of black rot disease in strawberry

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farid Abd-El-Kareem ◽  
Ibrahim E. Elshahawy ◽  
Mahfouz M. M. Abd-Elgawad
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Bacillus Pumilus ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Black Rot ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Black Root Rot ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Growth Area ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Black root rot of strawberry plants caused by Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani, and Pythium sp. is a serious disease in Egypt. Biocontrol agents have frequently proved to possess paramount and safe tools against many diseases. The impact of soil treatments with 3 Bacillus pumilus isolates on black root rot disease of strawberry plants caused by R. solani, F., and Pythium sp. under laboratory and field conditions was examined herein on the commonly used ‘Festival’ strawberry cultivar. To increase the bacterial adhesion and distribution on the roots, each seedling was dipped in bacterial cell suspension at 1 × 108 colony-forming units/ml of each separate bacterial isolate for 30 min then mixed with 5% Arabic gum. Results The tested B. pumilus isolates significantly reduced the growth area of these 3 fungi. The two bacterial isolates Nos. 2 and 3 reduced the growth area by more than 85.2, 83.6, and 89.0% for R. solani, F. solani, and Pythium sp., respectively. Likewise, the 3 bacterial isolates significantly (P ≤ 0.05) inhibited the disease under field conditions. Isolates Nos. 2 and 3 suppressed the disease incidence by 64.4 and 68.9% and disease severity by 65.3 and 67.3%, respectively. The fungicide Actamyl had effect similar to that of the 2 isolates. B. pumilus isolates significantly enhanced growth parameters and yields of strawberry plants; isolates Nos. 2 and 3 raised the yield by 66.7 and 73.3%, respectively. Conclusions Bacillus pumilus isolates could effectively manage the black rot disease in strawberry herein. Due to the significant impact of the root rot disease on strawberry yield, B. pumilus should be further tested to manage the disease on strawberry on large scale in Egypt.

scholarly journals In-vitro compatibility assay of indigenous Trichoderma and Pseudomonas species and their antagonistic activities against black root rot disease (Fusarium solani) of faba bean (Vicia faba L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alemayehu Dugassa ◽  
Tesfaye Alemu ◽  
Yitbarek Woldehawariat
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Black Root Rot ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Rot Disease

Abstract Background Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) cultivation is highly challenged by faba bean black root rot disease (Fusarium solani) in high lands of Ethiopia. To ensure sustainable production of faba beans, searching for eco-friendly disease management options is necessary to curb the progress of the disease timely. The indigenous biocontrol agents that suit local environments may effectively strive with in-situ microorganisms and suppress local pathogen strains. This study aimed to screen antagonistic indigenous compatible Trichoderma and Pseudomonas strains against Fusarium solani. In the pathogenicity test, soil-filled pots were arranged in complete random block design and sown with health faba bean seeds. The effect of some fungicides was evaluated against Fusarium by food poisoning methods to compare with the biocontrol agents. The antagonistic efficacy of biocontrol agents and their compatibility was investigated on Potato dextrose agar medium. Results Fusarium solani AAUF51 strain caused an intense root rotting in faba bean plant. The effect of Mancozeb 80% WP at 300 ppm was comparable with Trichoderma and Pseudomonas strains against Fusarium. The mycelial growth of test the pathogen was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced to 86.67 and 85.19% by Trichoderma harzianum AAUW1 and Trichoderma viridae AAUC22 strains in dual culture, respectively. The volatile metabolites of Pseudomonas aeruginosa AAUS31 (77.78%) found the most efficient in reducing mycelial growth of Fusarium followed by Pseudomonas fluorescens AAUPF62 (71.11%) strains. The cell-free culture filtrates of Pseudomonas fluorescens AAUPF62 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa AAUS31 were more efficient than the Trichoderma strain in reducing the growth of Fusarium isolates. There was no zone of inhibition recorded between Trichoderma harzianum AAUW1, Trichoderma viridae AAUC22, Pseudomonas aeruginosa AAUS31, and Pseudomonas fluorescens AAUPF62 strains, hence they were mutually compatible. Conclusions The compatible Trichoderma and Pseudomonas strains showed antagonistic potentiality that could be explored for faba bean protection against black root rot disease and might have a future dual application as biocontrol agents.

Cylindrocladium root rot in Ontario bare-root nurseries: estimate of spruce seedling losses

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 1493-1496 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Juzwik ◽  
C. Honhart ◽  
N. Chong
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Inoculum Density ◽  
Field Assessment ◽  
Causal Fungus ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Estimates of cylindrocladium root rot losses in three black and three white spruce compartments at five Ontario bare-root nurseries were determined through visual field assessment and seedling isolation. The causal fungus, Cylindrocladiumfloridanum Sob. & C.P. Seym., was isolated from 10–77% of the symptomatic and 0–28% of the apparently healthy seedlings in each compartment. In five compartments, estimates of mean incidence based on seedling isolations and visual assessment, were higher than those based on visual assessment alone. The percentage of living spruce (apparently healthy or symptomatic) estimated to be infected in each compartment was 0.1–32.7%. No fungus isolations were attempted from dead seedlings. Mortality in the plots in the six compartments was 0.02–17.7%. The correlation between the level of Cylindrocladium incidence and the inoculum density was significant (p < 0.01) in two compartments. The use of inoculum density to predict disease incidence warrants further investigation.

Post-plant strategies for management of black root rot-related decline of perennial strawberry fields

2018 ◽  
Vol 104 ◽  
pp. 78-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy D. Miles ◽  
Benjamin W. Glass ◽  
Roger W. Sysak ◽  
Annemiek C. Schilder
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Plant Strategies ◽  
Black Root Rot
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