Pathological changes in ultrastructure: false plasmolysis

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 675-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penelope Hanchey ◽  
Harry Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Causative Factor ◽  
Root Cap ◽  
Spore Formation ◽  
Active Movement ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Plant Protoplasts ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Victoria Blight ◽  
Rule Out

Shrinkage of plant protoplasts in hypotonic solutions or even in distilled water has been long known as an erratic response to injury. Although the mechanism for it is not known, this phenomenon, termed "induced", "stimulative", or "false" plasmolysis, has been considered to be comparable to spore formation in algae and fungi or to vacuolar contraction in protozoa. Studies of the mechanism of false plasmolysis have been precluded by the inability to induce the phenomenon consistently in large numbers of cells. Victorin treatment of root cap cells from Victoria-blight susceptible oats was found to result consistently in false plasmolysis. Ultrastructure studies of such cells showed that synthesis of new membranes was not involved in victorin-induced false plasmolysis. Discontinuities in the plasmalemma and tonoplast rule out active movement of water as a causative factor for protoplast shrinkage. The mechanism responsible for false plasmolysis appears to be an increased permeability of membranes to water, followed by disruption of the vacuole and a reduction of plasmalemma area by a process similar to pinocytosis.

scholarly journals The Protective Role of Bacillus velezensis A2 on the Biochemical and Hepatic Toxicity of Zearalenone in Mice

Toxins ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Wang ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Mingyang Wang ◽  
Si Chen ◽  
Sheng Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water System ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Bacillus Velezensis ◽  
Toxic Damage ◽  
Fermented Feed

Zearalenone (ZEN) is an estrogen-like mycotoxin produced by Fusarium that seriously compromises the safety of animal and human health. In this study, our aim was to evaluate the protective effect of Bacillus velezensis A2 against biochemical and pathological changes induced by zearalenone in mice. Kunming mice (n = 40; 25 ± 2 g) were allotted to four treatment groups: a control group (basic feed); a ZEN group (basic feed with a ZEN dose of 60 mg/kg); an A2 strain fermented feed group (150 g of feed mixed with 150 mL of sterile distilled water and inoculated with 5 mL of phosphate buffer salt (PBS) resuspended A2 strain); and an A2 strain fermented ZEN-contaminated feed group. (A2 strain group 150 mL pure bacterial distilled water system mixed with 150 g ZEN-contaminated feed.) Our results showed that the Bacillus velezensis A2 strain can completely degrade the ZEN-contaminated feed within 5 days. (The concentration of ZEN in fermentation was 60 μg/mL.) After the mice fed for 28 days, compared with the control group, the activities of AST and ALT were increased, the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) were decreased, and the amount of creatinine (CRE), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the ZEN group were increased in the mice serum (p < 0.05; p < 0.01). However, compared with the ZEN group, these biochemical levels were reversed in the A2 strain fermented feed group and in the A2 strain fermented ZEN-contaminated feed group (p < 0.05; p < 0.01). Furthermore, histopathological analysis only showed pathological changes of the mice liver in the ZEN group. The results showed that Bacillus velezensis A2 as additive could effectively remove ZEN contamination in the feed and protect the mice against the toxic damage of ZEN. In conclusion, Bacillus velezensis A2 has great potential use as a microbial feed additive to detoxify the toxicity of zearalenone in production practice.

Observations on the pathogenicity and pathology of Ascaridia galli

Parasitology ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Ikeme
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Obstruction ◽  
Blood Protein ◽  
Technical Cooperation ◽  
Cellular Infiltration ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Original Manuscript ◽  
Repeated Doses ◽  
Repeated Dosing

SUMMARYThe pathogenicity and pathology of Ascaridia galli infections of poultry were studied using repeated doses of varying numbers of eggs. No significant effect due to infection was seen on p.c.v. and Hb. values of infected chickens. Haemo concentration occurred parallel with sporadic diarrhoea, which follows high levels of repeated dosing. This phenomenon complicated the interpretation of blood protein values. A/G ratios were, however, worked out and analysed. No significant differences were noticed between the groups and it was concluded that under the levels of inoculation employed during the study there were no significant effects of A. galli infections on blood protein values as well as p.c.v. and Hb.values of infected chickens.Symptomatic developments, macroscopic lesions and pathological changes of intestinal tissues due to infection were followed up in detail. They were most severe in chickens on the least nutritive diet and sustaining the highest levels of repeated doses. Pathogenicity of larval and adult parasites was described. The presence of large numbers of adult parasites was associated with intestinal obstruction in host. This was seen mostly in chickens on low nutrition and sustaining either low or high levels of repeated inoculation, and very rarely also in chickens under high plane of nutrition but sustaining repeated inoculation of small numbers of eggs. Cellular infiltration as a result of infection was found to be extremely rare.It was present as fibroblasts and only in association with dead larvae.The author is indebted to the Department of Technical Cooperation, under whose Fellowship the study was carried out; the Department of Zoology, Edinburgh University, for facilities provided; the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food; Lasswode Poultry Research Laboratories, for the free supply of chickens used here; Dr J. A. Campbell of Edinburgh University for his keen interest, encouragement and advice throughout this work; and finally to G. Obiwelozor for reproducing the photographs from the original manuscript.

scholarly journals Evaluation of hyperalgesic effect of sitagliptin in albino mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-143
Author(s):  
Lalit Mohan ◽  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
Manish Kumar ◽  
Saajid Hameed ◽  
Amritanshu Shekhar
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
P Value ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Writhing Test ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rule Out

Various studies have showed the increased incidence of joint pain with the use of DPP-4 inhibitors. There is also some evidence of increase in inflammatory mediators like substance P, SDF-1 and other cytokines with the inhibition of DPP-4 from some experimental studies. But this association is still unclear and DPP-4 inhibitor continue to be prescribed in inflammatory disorders. So, this study was planned to assess the development of hyperalgesia in albino mice with the use of sitagliptin.Sitagliptin dissolved in saline was administered in the doses of 10, 20, 30 mg/kg to Albino mice of either sex weighing 25-30 gm. Hyperalgesia was assessed in the mice with hot plate method and acetic acid induced writhing test. We found that reaction time of the mice receiving higher dose of Sitagliptin in hot plate method was lower than that of mice receiving lower doses or distilled water (P-Value &#60;0.05). We also found that after injection of acetic acid, the number of writhing observed in the mice receiving higher dose of Sitagliptin was greater than that of mice receiving lower doses or distilled water (P-Value &#60;0.05). Our findings show that in a cohort of mice receiving Sitagliptin and distilled water at baseline, there was significant association between dose of Sitagliptin and hyperalgesia. However, P-Value was greater than 0.01, but with these finding we can’t rule out this association and need for further prospective studies to assess the relationship between DPP-4 inhibitors and hyperalgesia.

scholarly journals Rare cause of emergency in the first week of life: congenital hepatoblastoma (case report)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria Ha Young Yoo ◽  
Veronica Mugarab-Samedi ◽  
Gregory Hansen ◽  
Grant Miller ◽  
Laurence Givelichian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Organ Dysfunction ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Hemodynamic Instability ◽  
Term Infant ◽  
Sick Newborn ◽  
Cardiac Lesions ◽  
Rule Out

Abstract During the first week of life, a sudden deterioration in a newborn commonly includes investigations to rule out infections, lung pathologies, cardiac lesions, neurological insults, metabolic disorders or gastrointestinal emergencies. It is unusual, however, to consider malignancy as the primary causative factor. In this case report, we describe a rare and unusual presentation of congenital hepatoblastoma, its complications and management in a neonate with multi-organ dysfunction. A term infant presented with sudden deterioration, hemodynamic instability and an acute abdomen on his 4th day of life. Surgical exploration revealed a ruptured neoplasm that pathology diagnosed as a congenital hepatoblastoma. After the patient was stabilized, chemotherapy was initiated. At present, the patient is 8 months old and under continuous follow-up of oncology service. This case highlights the importance of considering rare diagnoses including congenital malignancy when investigating and managing a sick newborn with multi-organ dysfunction.

TRAUMATIC ULCERATIVE GRANULOMA WITH STROMAL EOSINOPHILIA – CASE SERIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-47
Author(s):  
Chandrakala J ◽  
Sahana Srinath ◽  
Suganya G ◽  
Abhisikta Chakrabarty
Keyword(s):  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Buccal Mucosa ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Delayed Healing ◽  
Chronic Irritation ◽  
Chronic Course ◽  
Rule Out

Traumatic ulcerative granuloma with stromal eosinophilia (TUGSE) is relatively uncommon lesion presenting clinically as ulceration of the oral mucosa with a chronic course associated with delayed healing. Chronic irritation causing trauma to the oral mucosa is considered as major causative factor. The most commonly affected site of the lesion appears to be Tongue and Buccal mucosa. This lesion represents clinically as ulcer with indurated margins mimicking malignancy, causing diagnostic challenge for the dentists. Histologically characterized by breach in the epithelium exposing underlying connective tissue inltrated with dense amount of inammatory cells predominantly of eosinophils penetrating the underlying mucle. It is important to diagnose the lesion histologically to rule out malignancy and to treat appropriately. However the lesion resolves on its own or with minimal and conservative treatment. In this review we present four case series of clinically manifesting ulceroproliferative lesions on buccal mucosa and diagnosed as TUGSE,based on clinical and histopathological features.

Microwave Digestion–Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometric Determination of Boron in Raw Noodles

1995 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 874-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Ziaziaris ◽  
Jurgen L Kacprzak
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Microwave Digestion ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Quantitation Limit ◽  
Large Numbers

Abstract Samples of raw noodles in a mixture of nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide were microwave digested in sealed tetrafluoromethaxil (PTFE TFM) vessels. The digests were diluted to volume with distilled water and quantitated by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP–AES). The recoveries of boron for spikes of 2.5, 250, and 500 μg were 88,101, and 102%, respectively. The quantitation limit was estimated to be 1.5 mg B/kg. The method is rapid and ideally suited to large numbers of samples.

scholarly journals Preschool Wheezing and Gastro-Esophageal Reflux: --Causal or Casual Coincidence? Update from Literature

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Melissa Borrelli ◽  
Giuliana Ponte ◽  
Erasmo Miele ◽  
Marco Maglione ◽  
Carlo Caffarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Airway Diseases ◽  
Recurrent Respiratory Infections ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Reflux Testing ◽  
Rule Out

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and wheeze are two common conditions in children. GER has been advocated as a causative factor for explaining recurrent to persistent respiratory symptoms at any age. This association very often means that many children with cough, wheezing, or recurrent respiratory infections receive empirical anti-reflux medications. The causal relationship is still largely discussed. Compared to the large number of studies in infants and adolescents, literature on the relationship between GER and wheeze in preschool children is scarce and inconclusive. The aim of the present narrative review was to summarize what is known so far, and what the literature has proposed in the last 20 years, on the relationship between preschool wheezing and GER. In preschool children with respiratory symptoms there is a high rate of positivity of reflux testing, for this reason pH-MII testing and endoscopy are recommended. Flexible bronchoscopy may be useful to exclude anatomical abnormalities as the cause of wheezing in infancy and preschool years. Several biomarkers, as well as empirical anti-reflux therapy, have been proposed for the diagnosis of GER-related airway diseases, but the conclusions of these studies are controversial or even conflicting. There is a great need for future clinical trials to confirm or rule out the association.

scholarly journals Histopathological Effects of Carbamazepine on The Reproductive System of Male Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
HAYDER ALAA
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Histopathological Effects ◽  
Carbamazepine Concentration ◽  
Number Of Cells

 This research aims to identify the effect of carbamazepine on genital tissues of male rats.  In this experiment (20) male from adult rats were randomly assigned to 2 groups, Each group comprises (10) animals. Control group  gavage with distilled water, First group  gavage carbamazepine concentration (30) mg/kg of body weight. After 45 days, genitals eradicated for the purpose of textile on study them, Histological examination showed pathological changes in the occurrence of the testis in (T1) represented by its small diameter tubular deferens Also, the number of cells formed for sperm cells and spermatid and leydig cells has been reduced and cells for Spermatogonia get necrosis of the facility.

scholarly journals The use of ‘artificial saliva’ as a neutral control condition in gustatory research

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imca S. Hensels ◽  
Deborah Talmi ◽  
Stephanie Baines
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Human Saliva ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Single Scale ◽  
Research Volunteers ◽  
Rule Out

AbstractDistilled water with NaHCO3 and KCl, a solution often referred to as ‘artificial saliva’ because its chemical composition mimics human saliva, is the control liquid of choice in gustatory research, because it is believed to be entirely affectively neutral. Yet evidence that human research volunteers perceive this liquid as emotionally neutral is lacking. Unpublished data from our lab suggested that this solution might be perceived as aversive. This study set out to systematically test the parameters influencing taste neutrality. We used two different concentrations of distilled water with NaHCO3 and KCl, as well as bottled water as a control taste. Healthy adults rated all tastes on two separate scales to rule out an interpretation based on the specifics of a single scale. Our participants rated artificial saliva as aversive on both scales. The bottled water was rated as neutral on both scales, and as significantly less intense in sensation than both concentrations of the distilled water solution. This is the first study to have directly tested the subjective feelings that accompany the ingestion of these oft-used solutions. We found that these liquids, which were previously assumed to be neutral, may not be perceived as such by research participants. Therefore, future gustatory studies should take care when using this solution as a neutral baseline. It is advised that trial-by-trial ratings are collected. Also, depending on the nature of future studies, bottled water may be considered as a preferable neutral baseline.

Pathological changes in kidneys, livers and spleens of Brugia pahangi-infected jirds (Meriones unguiculatus)

1981 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Klei ◽  
Wayne A. Crowell
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Nephritis ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Meriones Unguiculatus ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Brugia Pahangi ◽  
Amyloid Deposits ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Electron Microscopical

ABSTRACTThe major organs, other than lymphatics, of jirds (Meriones unguiculatus) with prepatent and chronic patent infections of Brugia pahangi were studied by standard histological, electron microscopical and fluorescent antibody techniques. Changes observed and not previously described in detail or in large numbers of animals are reported. Multifocal non-suppurative interstitial nephritis was observed in 4% of animals with patent infections of 163 days duration and in 69% of animals with patent infections of 274 days duration. Glomerular changes were not observed in kidneys of any animals infected with B. pahangi. The occurrence of large granulomata composed of lymphocytes, macrophages, eosinophils and giant cells in the liver and smaller granulomata in the spleen correlated with patency of infections but microfilariae or worm antigens were not observed in these areas. Amyloid deposits were demonstrated in the spleens of 4% of animals with patent infections of 163 days duration and in 38% of animals with patent infections of 274 days duration but were not seen in uninfected animals of the same age or animals receiving only challenge inoculations of 28 days duration.

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