Chromosome numbers of Texas grasses

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1315-1325 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. Gould
Keyword(s):  
Spartina Alterniflora ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Panicum Hemitomon ◽  
Ploidy Levels

Records for 409 of 572 native and introduced grass species of Texas show that 30% are diploid, 30% are tetraploid, 11% are hexaploid or of a higher level of ploidy, and 29% have two or more ploidy levels. The relatively high percentage of diploids is due to the large number (40 species) of diploid panicums. In the present report a total of 304 chromosome counts are presented for 140 species. Chromosome counts for the following 22 species are the first for the taxon or different from previous records: Sitanion longifolium, Agrostis hiemalis, Axonopus affinis, Echinochloa walteri, Panicum hemitomon, P. thurowii, Eragrostis intermedia, E. swallenii, Neeragrostis reptans, Sporobolus asper, Tridens ambiguus, T. muticus, T. strictus, Triplasis purpurea, Bouteloua hirsuta, Chloris latisquamea, C. verticillata, Gymnopogon ambiguus, Hilaria mutica, Spartina alterniflora, S. patens, and Trichloris pluriflora. The records of 2n = 60 for Neeragrostis reptans, 2n = 40 for Triplasis purpurea, and 2n = 40 for Gymnopogon ambiguus are the first for the genera Neeragrostis, Triplasis, and Gymnopogon.

scholarly journals Improved Method of Enzyme Digestion for Root Tip Cytology

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 1029-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason D. Lattier ◽  
Hsuan Chen ◽  
Ryan N. Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Enzyme Digestion ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Sciences ◽  
Breeding And Genetics

Chromosome numbers are an important botanical character for multiple fields of plant sciences, from plant breeding and genetics to systematics and taxonomy. Accurate chromosome counts in root tips of woody plants are often limited by their small, friable roots with numerous, small chromosomes. Current hydrolysis and enzyme digestion techniques require handling of roots before the root squash. However, optimum chromosome spread occurs when the cell walls have degraded past the point of easy handling. Here, we present a new enzyme digestion protocol that is fast, efficient, and flexible. This protocol reduces handling of the roots allowing for long-duration enzyme digestion. Digestions are performed on a microscope slide, eliminating the need for handling digested cells with forceps or pipettes. To illustrate the flexibility of this method across woody plant taxa, we performed chromosome counts on five angiosperms and one gymnosperm. Ploidy levels included diploids, triploids, and tetraploids with chromosome numbers ranging from 2n = 16 to 2n = 80. The range of holoploid 2C genome sizes spanned 1.54–24.71 pg. This protocol will provide a useful technique for plant cytologists working with taxa that exhibit a wide range of genome size and ploidy levels.

scholarly journals Chromosome numbers of some species of Pteris (Pteridaceae) in Java, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 2118-2126
Author(s):  
TITIEN NGATINEM PRAPTOSUWIRYO ◽  
MUGI MUMPUNI
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Somatic Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Fern Species ◽  
Pteris Multifida

Praptosuwiryo TNg, Mumpuni M. 2018. Chromosome numbers of some species of Pteris (Pteridaceae) in Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 2118-2126. Pteris L. (Pteridaceae) is a large fern genus consisting of about 250 species which distributed predominantly in tropical and subtropical countries. The genus grows in a diversity of ecosystems, either terrestrially or lithophytically, although most species occur in the forest. A study of the cytology of Pteris in Java is being undertaken for the conceptual understanding of the interrelationships between various fern species in the Malesian region. This aims of our study are: (1) to observe somatic chromosome number of some species of Pteris in Java; (2) to determine the reproduction types of the observed species by counting the spore number per sporangium; (3) to discuss polyploidy in the species in relation to plant morphological variation across their geographical distribution. Chromosome counts for eight species are reported. Pteris biaurita is an apogamous diploid species (2n = 58). Pteris ensiformis var. ensiformis has chromosome numbers of 2n = 87 (apogamous triploid) and 2n = 116 (sexual tetraploid), while                 P. ensiformis var. victoriae has a chromosome number 2n = 58 and is a sexual diploid. Pteris fauriei is an apogamous triploid species (2n = 87). Pteris longipinnula has a chromosome number of 2n = 116 (tetraploid). Pteris multifida and P. vittata are sexual tetraploids (2n=116). Pteris tripartita has two ploidy levels (sexual diploid and tetraploid). Another currently unplaced Javanese Pteris sp. has 2n = 87 (apogamous triploid). Diploid P. biaurita, tetraploid P. ensiformis, triploid P. fauriei, diploid P. tripartita, and teraploid P. vittata are new record cytotypes for Central Java. Polyploidy in the genus in relation to plant morphological variation across its geographical range is discussed.

scholarly journals Genome Size Estimates and Chromosome Numbers of Callicarpa L. (Lamiaceae)

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan N. Contreras ◽  
John M. Ruter
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Flow Cytometry Data ◽  
Carbol Fuchsin ◽  
Cross Compatibility ◽  
Size Estimates

Genome size estimates and chromosome number information can be useful for studying the evolution or taxonomy of a group and also can be useful for plant breeders in predicting cross-compatibility. Callicarpa L. is a group of ≈140 species with nearly worldwide distribution. There are no estimates of genome size in the literature and the information on chromosome numbers is limited. Genome size estimates based on flow cytometry are reported here for 16 accessions of Callicarpa comprising 14 species in addition to chromosome counts on six species. Chromosome counts were conducted by staining meristematic cells of roots tips using modified carbol fuchsin. Holoploid genome size estimates ranged from 1.34 pg to 3.48 pg with a mean of 1.74 pg. Two tetraploids (2n = 4x = 68; C. salicifolia P'ei & W. Z. Fang and C. macrophylla Vahl GEN09-0081) were identified based on holoploid genome size and confirmed by chromosome counts. There was little variation among species for monoploid genome size. 1Cx-values ranged from 0.67 pg to 0.88 pg with a mean of 0.77 pg. Chromosome counts for six species revealed a base chromosome number of x = 17. Callicarpa chejuensis Y. H. Chung & H. Kim, C. japonica Thunb. ‘Leucocarpa’, C. longissima Merr., and C. rubella Lindl. were confirmed as diploids (2n = 2x = 34). Cytology supported flow cytometry data that C. salicifolia and C. macrophylla GEN09-0081 were tetraploids. The two accessions of C. macrophylla included in the study were found to be of different ploidy levels. The presence of two ploidy levels among and within species indicates that polyploidization events have occurred in the genus.

A practical treatment of the Solidago gigantea complex

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1279-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary H. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Solidago Gigantea ◽  
Infraspecific Taxa

The Solidago gigantea complex is usually treated in floristic works as being composed of a single species with two infraspecific taxa: var. gigantea and var. serotina. Recent studies by Beaudry revealed that the complex is composed of individuals of three different chromosome numbers. He proposed that the individuals at each ploidy level be treated as belonging to separate species: S. gigantea, 2n = 18; S. serotina, 2n = 36; and S. shinnersii, 2n = 54. Chromosome counts reported in this paper of individuals of the S. gigantea complex from a wide geographic range verify the existence of the three different ploidy levels. Evaluation of the morphological characters of these vouchers, however, shows that plants with different chromosome numbers cannot be consistently separated using morphological characters. It is proposed, therefore, that the complex be treated as a single species without any infraspecific categories.

Enhancing Techniques for Studying Mitotic Peanut Chromosomes1

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Dhesi ◽  
H. T. Stalker
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Immature Leaf ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Root Tissues ◽  
Mitotic Cells

Abstract Peanut chromosomes are small and preparations of well-spread, darkly stained mitotic cells can be difficult to obtain. Techniques developed for wheat were adapted to peanut. The results are highly reproducible and many dividing cells with darkly stained chromosomes can usually be observed when root tissues are used for preparation. Applications also can be made for determining ploidy levels and chromosome numbers of plants by using immature leaf tissues. The technique has application for both diploids and polyploids and is suitable for both chromosome counts and karyotyping studies.

scholarly journals Chromosome Numbers of Four Nigerian Species of Cola Schott. & Endlicher (Sterculiaceae).

2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 42-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. O. Adebola ◽  
J. A. Morakinyo
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Mitotic Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Morphology ◽  
High Symmetry ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
First Time

Abstract This paper reports the results of chromosome countings in four wild Cola species (Cola lateritia, C. ballayi, C. verticillata and C. gigantea). Cytological investigation of these species gave a constant mitotic chromosome counts of 2n = 4x = 40 for the first time. The karyotypes were found to consist mostly of metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes. In addition to confirming the chromosome numbers and ploidy levels in these species, the results also reveals high symmetry and homogeneity of the karyotypes with those of the cultivated species (C. nitida and C. acuminata) already reported. The similarity in chromosome morphology between the cultivated and wild species indicate their common origin and suggests the possibility of using these wild species as bridges for gene transfer in Cola breeding programmes involving interspecific hybridization.

ON CHROMOSOME NUMBERS IN THE GRASS FAMILY (POACEAE) IN RUSSIA, WITH SPECIAL ATTENTION TO THE FAR EAST

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 29-64
Author(s):  
N.S. Probatova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Original Material ◽  
Mountain Regions ◽  
Grass Family ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Far East

The paper summarizes information on chromosome numbers (CNs) of the Grass species (Poaceae) in the flora of Russian Federation, obtained on the original material, most part - from the Russian Far East (RFE). In some species the CNs are known in Russia or in the world only from RFE, in some – from one locality or few, or from one subregion of RFE. The grass species in RFE often occur in mountain regions and near seacoasts; some species are endemics, some were studied near the limits of their geographical distribution areas. The diversity of CNs, the special features of the CNs distribution in some grass groups are discussed. The alien species are abundant in RFE, and their CNs are also involved in the study. For karyologically polymorphous species further studies are needed.

scholarly journals In vitro responses in Passiflora species with different chromosome numbers, ploidy levels and nuclear 2C values: revisiting and providing new insights

2018 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiana Torres Leite ◽  
Darley Aparecido Tavares Ferreira ◽  
Ariane Tonetto Vieira ◽  
Milene Miranda Praça-Fontes ◽  
Adésio Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Ploidy Levels

scholarly journals Karyotype analysis and chromosome number for two Cirsium taxa (Asteraceae) in Iran

Turczaninowia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
Zohreh Babaee ◽  
Maryam Norouzi ◽  
Samaneh Mosaferi ◽  
Maryam Keshavarzi
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Mitotic Chromosome ◽  
Karyotype Analysis ◽  
Chromosome Length ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosome Type ◽  
Population Total ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Class B ◽  
Karyotype Analyses

Cirsium Mill. contains more than 250 species in the world mainly distributed in the Northern hemisphere. Different chromosome numbers with different ploidy levels were reported in this genus. In this study, karyotype details and chromosome numbers were established for two Cirsium taxa in Iran. C. ciliatum subsp. szovitsii and C. echinus had the mitotic chromosome numbers of 2n = 2x = 34. Karyotype analyses showed that chromosomes were generally metacentric and sub-metacentric. In C. echinus, Lowshan population had the longest chromosome (19.10 µm) and Heyran Canyon population (4.73 µm) the shortest one while in C. ciliatum, the longest chromosome was observed in Urmia to Salmas population (14.67 µm) and the shortest one (4.71 µm) in Doshanlu population. Total haploid chromosome length ranged from 275.29 to 376.42 µm in populations studied. Both taxa were grouped in 2B class. B-chromosomes were recorded for two taxa studied too. Chromosome type, mitotic chromosome numbers and occurrence of B-chromosomes were in agreement with previous results (Albers, Pröbsting, 1998; Lövkvist, Hultgård, 1999; Yüksel et al., 2013; Yildiz et al., 2016).

scholarly journals Karyotype Analysis of Alnus Mill. (Betulaceae) Species Originating From Northeastern Asia

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 219-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Jun ◽  
Ren Bao-Qing ◽  
Luo Peigao ◽  
Ren Zhenglong
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Karyotype Analysis ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Northeastern Asia ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Genetic Makeup ◽  
Fossil Records

Abstract Alnus Mill. (alder) is an ecologically valuable tree genus. It is essential to study its genetic makeup in order to use alder trees to their full potential. Five specimens from four Alnus species (A. mandshurica, A. pendula, A. sibirica, and A. sieboldiana), found in northeastern Asia, were subjected to karyotype analysis. The analysis showed that these tree samples could be divided into three categories based on chromosome numbers or ploidy levels: viz., 2n = (4x) = 28, 2n = (8x) = 56 and 2n = (16x) = 112. The differences in chromosome number and karyotype parameters among Alnus species and even within the same species possibly resulted from natural polyploidization. Comparing the chromosome numbers of Alnus species in China with those in Japan showed that there appear to be only two categories in China, whereas there are up to five categories in Japan. The earliest fossil records of Alnus pollen were also discovered in Japan. We conclude that the center origin of Alnus spp. is Japan rather than China.

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