Mineral requirements for the growth of Anabaena spiroides in vitro

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 619-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherry L. Volk ◽  
Harry K. Phinney
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Major Nutrient ◽  
Initial Culture ◽  
Upper Klamath Lake ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Initial Medium ◽  
Klamath Lake

Anabaena spiroides Klebahn, isolated from Upper Klamath Lake, Klamath County, Oregon, was cultured in Gerloff's modification of Chu's number 10 medium. Preliminary to a study of the major nutrient mineral requirements, the initial culture medium was modified by elimination of sodium silicate, the addition of Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, and the substitution of hydrogen ferric ethylenediamine di-o-hydroxyphenylacetate (EDDHA) for ferric citrate – citric acid.Provision of mineral nitrogen in the medium was found unnecessary for growth, strongly suggesting that A. spiroides can fix nitrogen, but final proof awaits the development of bacteria-free cultures. Although phosphorus was required in relatively high concentrations to obtain maximum growth, it was apparently accumulated in the cells, allowing them to survive long exposure in phosphorus-deficient media. Several other major elements either were required in very minute amounts or were accumulated by the alga. Iron provided in the alkaline-stable chelate EDDHA was required in lower concentration than in Gerloff's medium. A definite, high requirement for calcium was found.A balanced medium was developed that supported an increase of 100% in dry weight, 23% in chlorophyll content, and 10% in organic nitrogen above that obtained in the initial medium.

scholarly journals Influence of the temperature factor on regeneration features of Silene Jailensis N.I. Rubtzov and Crepis Purpurea (Willd.) M. Bieb. and the content of phenolic substances in vitro

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
I. V. Mitrofanova ◽  
N. N. Ivanova ◽  
A. E. Paliy ◽  
I. N. Paliy ◽  
O. V. Mitrofanova
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Biochemical Study ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Rare Plant ◽  
Temperature Influence ◽  
Phenolic Substances ◽  
Morphogenetic Potential ◽  
High Concentrations

The results of temperature influence on the regeneration of microshoots and the level of phenolic compounds in microshoots of two rare plant species under in vitro conditions are presented. It is shown that the maximum growth of the main and the formation of adventitious shoots, leaves occurred at a temperature of 21- 23°C. Reconnaissance experiments on the biochemical study of organs and tissues of the studied species were conducted. It was found that the leaves contain high concentrations of phenolic substances and are characterized by a wide variety of components. It is shown that as the temperature increased, the content of the sum of phenolic substances increased, which negatively affected the morphogenetic potential of the studied species.

Ontogeny of fetal hepatic and placental growth and metabolism in sheep

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (3) ◽  
pp. R619-R623
Author(s):  
I. Vatnick ◽  
A. W. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Progressive Decline ◽  
Highly Correlated

Ontogeny of fetal hepatic and placental growth and in vitro oxygen consumption (VO2) was investigated in fetal lambs at 75, 100, and 136 days postconception. Fetal hepatic relative weight and placental absolute and relative weights declined during this period. Oxygen consumption per gram dry weight of fetal liver and maternal placenta declined between mid and late gestation while fetal placental VO2 was unchanged. Estimated VO2 of the whole placenta did not change while the estimated total hepatic VO2 increased more than threefold between 75 and 136 days. Total hepatic VO2 was highly correlated with total placental VO2 at 136 days (r = 0.84). The results suggest that the placenta reaches its maximum growth and metabolic capacity before 100 days and possibly at or before midgestation. Changes in hepatic weight-specific total VO2, in addition to the declining relative size of the fetal liver, must contribute to the progressive decline in metabolic rate of the whole fetus during the second half of pregnancy. Correlations between placental and fetal liver weights and metabolic rates suggest the possibility of placental regulation of fetal hepatic growth and metabolism.

scholarly journals Involvement of the solid phase of rumen digesta in the interaction between copper, molybdenum and sulphur in sheep

1987 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Allen ◽  
J. M. Gawthornet
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Fluid Phase ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ammonium Molybdate ◽  
Solution Chemistry ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Medicago Saliva ◽  
High Concentrations

1. Merino sheep fed on a diet of chopped wheaten hay, chopped lucerne (Medicago saliva) hay and oat grain were the source of rumen contents for the study. The diet contained (mg/kg dry weight) 3.3 copper, 0.24 molybdenum and 2.8 sulphur. The effects of adding between 5 and 25 mg Mo/kg as ammonium molybdate (AM) or tetrathiomolybdate (TTM) on the distribution and forms of Cu and Mo in rumen contents were investigated in vivo and in vitro.2. Approximately 88 % of the Cu and 94% of the Mo in rumen contents were associated with the solid phase. When AM or TTM was added to rumen contents in vivo or in vitro the proportion of these elements in the solid phase was increased at the expense of the fluid phase.3. The addition of AM and TTM to rumen contents also decreased the proportion of Cu that was soluble in trichloroacetic acid (50 g/l; TCA) and increased the proportion of Cu that was not extractable by sequential treatment with TCA and neutral detergent.4. Column chromatography of neutral-detergent extracts of rumen contents revealed that TTM treatment caused Cu to be strongly bound to proteins of high molecular weight.5. Addition of sulphide to rumen contents did not result in significant changes in the distribution of Cu between the fluid and solid phases, or in the solubility of Cu in TCA.6. It is postulated that constant removal of TTM from the fluid phase via reaction with proteins and other macromolecules in the solid phase results in greater formation of TTM in vivo than would be expected from solution chemistry. The molybdo-proteins so formed are strong chelators of Cu and may be the agents responsible for the decrease in Cu absorption in animals that consume diets containing high concentrations of Mo.

The effect of sodium on potassium nutrition and ionic relations in Rhodes grass

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 407 ◽  
Author(s):  
FW Smith
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Potassium Nutrition ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Pot Trials ◽  
Chloris Gayana

The effects of sodium on the response of Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) to potassium have been studied in pot trials. The amount of potassium required to achieve maximum growth was progressively reduced as the level of sodium application was increased from 0 to 400 mg per pot. The concentration of potassium in the tops of plants growing at 95% of maximum yield was also progressively reduced from 2.7% in plants not fertilized with sodium to 0.5% in plants receiving 400 mg sodium per pot. It is concluded that such interactions between the levels of major elements preclude the use of a 'critical potassium level' for diagnosing potassium deficiency in Rhodes grass. An alternative diagnostic scheme which takes account of interactions between some of the major elements is suggested. This scheme requires that plants would be adequately supplied with potassium if two criteria were met simultaneously: the potassium concentration was above the minimum specifically required (0.5% of the dry matter for Rhodes grass) and the cation-anion balance was above a minimum level characteristic for that particular species (800 m-equiv./kg dry weight for Rhodes grass).

scholarly journals IN VITRO CULTURE OF IMMATURE TAXUS EMBRYOS

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 698d-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-yeh Hu ◽  
Lee Wang ◽  
Bernard Wu
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Culture ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Embryonic Growth ◽  
Embryo Dormancy ◽  
Taxol Production ◽  
Initial Medium ◽  
Mature Seeds

Embryo culture can by-pass yew (Taxus) seed dormancy and produce large population of seedlings to be screened for the anticancer drug, taxol, production. Immature linear embryos from seeds of T. baccata, T. brevifolia. T. cuspidata, and T. media were dissected and cultured. B5 medium supported the best embryonic growth during the initial two week's culture for T. cuspidata and T. baccata. T. brevifolia grew faster on MS medium. Weak embryo dormancy was encountered in T. brevifolia and T. cuspidata from the mature seeds but not from the immature ones. No embryonic growth had been observed in T. media dissected from mature seeds due to strong dormancy. Developing embryos were subsequently transferred to 1/2X B5 medium for germination. Rooting percentage in the mature seed derived T. brevifolia embryos increased from 12.5 to 63.6 when 30 μM GA3 was added to the initial medium. Several hundreds of seedlings of T. baccata. T. brevifolia and T. cuspidata had been acclimatized to the greenhouse conditions. The taxol content of resultant T. cuspidata seedlings was 0.027% (dry weight), while that of T. brevifolia obtained from the wild twig was 0.030%.

Studies on Mineral Nutrition of Hydrilla verticillata

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 681-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fouad M. Basiouny ◽  
Leon A. Garrard
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Hydrilla Verticillata ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Term Experiment ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Short Term Experiment

The effects of mineral element uptake on the growth and development of the aquatic plant hydrilla [Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle.] were studied in a short-term experiment under laboratory conditions. On a dry-weight basis, maximum growth of hydrilla plants was obtained at a 0.016 ppm P and 5 ppm Ca in the growing media. Hydrilla responded favorably to high concentrations of K (40 ppm in the growing media). The presence of 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) reduced uptake of K, Cu, Fe, Mn and did not significantly affect the uptake of Ca or P. Thus the uptake of K, Cu, Fe, and Mn by hydrilla appears to be dependent on metabolic energy.

scholarly journals Molecular analysis of Peganum harmala L. callus to determine the gene expression of beta-carboline alkaloids harmine and harmaline

2019 ◽  
pp. 2410-2417
Author(s):  
H. H. Mutasher ◽  
H. J. Attiya
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Peganum Harmala ◽  
High Gene Expression ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Metabolites Production

     The external signals are used as elicitors that can modify the levels of secondary metabolites production and trigger the biotechnological enforcements to improve plant production. In this study, sodium chloride NaCl was used as a stimulating factor for the production of beta-carboline alkaloids, harmine and harmaline, in Peganum harmala. The in vitro induced callus of P. harmalain was used as a source for alkaloid production in the stimulating experiments with sodium chloride. The results illustrated that 2 mg.l-1 of NaCl increased the fresh and dry weight of callus with an average of 944.30 and 72.0 mg, respectively. In a comparative analysis through Gas Chromatography (GC), high concentrations of harmine of 58.55 µg.g-1 from the root and 56.50µg.g-1 from stem callus were recorded upon treatment with 4 mg.l-1 of NaCl. Treatment with 4 mg.l-1 NaCl also showed an increased amount of harmaline concentration in both root and stem, with values of 2.72 and 2.65 µg.g-1, respectively. The analysis and calculation of gene expression by real-time PCR of RNA showed that the induced stem callus had a high gene expression with a copy number of 229,030. While in the root, the effect of higher salinity increased the percentage of alkaloids without increasing the copy number of gene expression.

scholarly journals The development of a novel autologous blood glue aiming to improve osseointegration in the bone-implant interface

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 402-411
Author(s):  
Anita Sanghani-Kerai ◽  
Melanie Coathup ◽  
Robyn Brown ◽  
George Lodge ◽  
Liza Osagie-Clouard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fibrin Glue ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Autologous Blood ◽  
Autologous Bone Marrow ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
High Concentrations

Aims For cementless implants, stability is initially attained by an interference fit into the bone and osteo-integration may be encouraged by coating the implant with bioactive substances. Blood based autologous glue provides an easy, cost-effective way of obtaining high concentrations of growth factors for tissue healing and regeneration with the intention of spraying it onto the implant surface during surgery. The aim of this study was to incorporate nucleated cells from autologous bone marrow (BM) aspirate into gels made from the patient’s own blood, and to investigate the effects of incorporating three different concentrations of platelet rich plasma (PRP) on the proliferation and viability of the cells in the gel. Methods The autologous blood glue (ABG) that constituted 1.25, 2.5, and 5 times concentration PRP were made with and without equal volumes of BM nucleated cells. Proliferation, morphology, and viability of the cells in the glue was measured at days 7 and 14 and compared to cells seeded in fibrin glue. Results Overall, 2.5 times concentration of PRP in ABG was capable of supporting the maximum growth of cells isolated from the BM aspirate and maintain their characteristics. Irrespective of PRP concentration, cells in ABG had statistically significantly higher viability compared to cells in fibrin glue. Conclusion In vitro this novel autologous gel is more capable of supporting the growth of cells in its structure for up to 14 days, compared to commercially available fibrin-based sealants, and this difference was statistically significant. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(7):402–411.

Effects of silica level on some properties of Oryza sativa straw and hull

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 2356-2363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Luisa F. C. Balasta ◽  
Consuelo M. Perez ◽  
Bienvenido O. Juliano ◽  
Corazón P. Vlllareal ◽  
John N. A. Lott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Stem Bending ◽  
High Concentrations

Reduction of silica content of two rice varieties obtained by growth in hydroponic solutions (0–400 ppm added SiO2) increased leaf openness and decreased both stem bending hardness and hull weight. The number of silica bodies in the surface of leaf blades was similarly decreased. Mapping by energy dispersive X-ray analysis techniques showed high concentrations of silicon in silica bodies inside silica cells on leaf blades and uniform distribution on lemma and palea surfaces. Vascular tissues and bulliform cells were also rich in silica. Decrease in silica content to less than 10% dry weight increased the in vivo dry matter digestibility of straw in both varieties and increased the in vitro organic matter digestibility of IR36 straw.

Molecular architecture and functions of the neuronal cytoskeleton

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 2-3
Author(s):  
Nobutaka Hirokawa
Keyword(s):  
Major Elements ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Organelle Transport ◽  
Molecular Architecture ◽  
Neuronal Morphogenesis ◽  
Microtubule Associated Proteins ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
And Function ◽  
Small Clusters

In this symposium I will present our studies about the molecular architecture and function of the cytomatrix of the nerve cells. The nerve cell is a highly polarized cell composed of highly branched dendrites, cell body, and a single long axon along the direction of the impulse propagation. Each part of the neuron takes characteristic shapes for which the cytoskeleton provides the framework. The neuronal cytoskeletons play important roles on neuronal morphogenesis, organelle transport and the synaptic transmission. In the axon neurofilaments (NF) form dense arrays, while microtubules (MT) are arranged as small clusters among the NFs. On the other hand, MTs are distributed uniformly, whereas NFs tend to run solitarily or form small fascicles in the dendrites Quick freeze deep etch electron microscopy revealed various kinds of strands among MTs, NFs and membranous organelles (MO). These structures form major elements of the cytomatrix in the neuron. To investigate molecular nature and function of these filaments first we studied molecular structures of microtubule associated proteins (MAP1A, MAP1B, MAP2, MAP2C and tau), and microtubules reconstituted from MAPs and tubulin in vitro. These MAPs were all fibrous molecules with different length and formed arm like projections from the microtubule surface.

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