Pollen morphology and chromosome numbers of the family Plantaginaceae in North America

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. Bassett ◽  
C. W. Crompton
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
Fossil Pollen ◽  
Pollen Production ◽  
The Family

Pollen grains of 28 Plantago and one Littorella species found in North America are described in detail and a key to their identification is presented. The general distribution, habitats, pollen production per anther, flower types (i.e. cleistogamous or chasmogamous) are given for each taxon and in addition the chromosome numbers are reported for 17 Plantago species and Littorella americana. Evidence is presented that Plantago fastigiata does not belong to the section Leucopsyllium. Fossil pollen grains of the Plantaginaceae, most likely to be found in any quantity in postglacial deposits of the Pleistocene epoch, are as follows: Plantago rugelii; P. cordata; P. eriopoda; P. macrocarpa; P. maritima; P. canescens; and Littorella americana.

scholarly journals Tiny pollen grains: first evidence of Saururaceae from the Late Cretaceous of western North America

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friðgeir Grímsson ◽  
Guido W. Grimm ◽  
Reinhard Zetter
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Modern Species ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western Eurasia

Background The Saururaceae, a very small family of Piperales comprising only six species in four genera, have a relatively scanty fossil record outside of Europe. The phylogenetic relationships of the four genera to each other are resolved, with the type genus Saururus occurring in both eastern North America and East Asia. No extant species occurs in western Eurasia. The most exceptional find so far has been an inflorescence with in-situ pollen, Saururus tuckerae S.Y.Sm. & Stockey from Eocene of North America with strong affinities to extant species of Saururus. Recent dated trees suggest, however, an Eocene or younger crown age for the family. Methods Dispersed fossil pollen grains from the Campanian (82–81 Ma) of North America are compared to dispersed pollen grains from the Eocene strata containing S. tuckerae, the Miocene of Europe, and extant members of the family using combined LM and SEM imaging. Results The unambiguous fossil record of the Saururaceae is pushed back into the Campanian (82–81 Ma). Comparison with re-investigated pollen from the Eocene of North America, the Miocene of Europe, and modern species of the family shows that pollen morphology in Saururaceae is highly conservative, and remained largely unchanged for the last 80 million years. Discussion Campanian pollen of Saururaceae precludes young (Eocene or younger) estimates for the Saururaceae root and crown age, but is in-line with maximum age scenarios. Saururus-type pollen appear to represent the primitive pollen morphology of the family. Often overlooked because of its small size, dispersed Saururaceae pollen may provide a unique opportunity to map the geographic history of a small but old group of Piperales, and should be searched for in Paleogene and Cretaceous sediment samples.

A natural intergeneric hybrid of Gesneriaceae from Brazil

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 497 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-96
Author(s):  
ANDRÉA ONOFRE DE ARAUJO ◽  
MAURO PEIXOTO ◽  
CINTIA NEVES DE SOUZA ◽  
EDUARDO CUSTÓDIO GASPARINO ◽  
JULIANA TOLEDO FARIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrid ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Natural Hybrid ◽  
Pollen Data ◽  
Cytological Data ◽  
High Viability ◽  
Structural Abnormalities

A natural hybrid between Goyazia and Mandirola (Gloxiniinae, Gesneriaceae) from Cerrado (Brazil) is here described, supported by pollen morphology, cytological data and morphological characters. The microsporogenesis of Mandirola hirsuta and that of the hybrid were analyzed in order to evaluate the cytogenetic characteristics. The haploid chromosome numbers observed were n = 12 for M. hirsuta and n = 11, 13, 16 and 26 for the hybrid. Structural abnormalities (monads, dyads, triads and micronuclei) were observed at the final of the hybrid’s meiosis. High viability rates of the pollen were recorded for Goyazia and Mandirola (>90%) and low viability for the hybrid (34.7%). The pollen grains were acetolyzed, measured and photographed for pollen morphology analysis. Quantitative pollen data were analyzed through descriptive and multivariate statistics. The hybrid has intermediate pollen characteristics between G. petraea and M. hirsuta; it is more related to G. petraea by the measures of diameters and ectoapertures; it is more similar to M. hirsuta mainly regarding the microreticulum on the mesocolpium region. The hybrid and Mandirola share vegetative and flower size, while the colors of the hybrid are similar to Goyazia. Pollen morphology, cytological data and morphological characters brought clear evidence for the recognition of the intergeneric hybrid, which we named as Goydirola x punctata.

Comparative morphological, anatomical, micromorphological, and palynological studies on the genera Opopanax and Crenosciadium (Apiaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 372 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
ÖZLEM ÇETIN ◽  
MUSTAFA ÇELIK
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
The Family ◽  
Surface Ornamentation ◽  
Fruit Surface

In the present study, morphological, micromorphological, palynological and anatomical characteristics of the genera Opopanax and Crenosciadium are reviewed and compared. The genus Opopanax is distributed in southern Europe, the Mediterranean region and Western Asia, and it is represented by three species in Turkey. Crenosciadium is a poorly known monotypic genus from Turkey, recently treated as synonym in Opopanax. Expanded descriptions, phenology, geographic distributions, and images of habitus of Opopanax and Crenosciadium are given. The differences between the two genera are discussed. The pollen morphology of Opopanax and Crenosciadium is studied by SEM and LM. The palynological results confirmed the stenopalynous characteristic of the family Apiaceae, and revealed that the pollen grains of both genera are perprolate in shape. Also fruit surface ornamentation of both genera is typically striate, and epidermal cells are polygonal or elongated in one direction. Cross-sections of mature fruits are examined and a detailed anatomical description is presented. Mericarp shape and width are very useful characters for discrimination between Opopanax and Crenosciadium; mericarp ribs are also very significant characteristics to discriminate both genera. Our findings, together with previous molecular data, clearly indicate that Crenosciadium differs considerably from Opopanax, and therefore it should be accepted at genus rank.

scholarly journals Pollen characters as taxonomic evidence in some species of Dipsacaceae from Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebadi-Nahari Mostafa ◽  
Nikzat-Siahkolaee Sedigheh ◽  
Eftekharian Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Pollen Type ◽  
Upgma Tree ◽  
Pollen Characters ◽  
Exine Ornamentation ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Plant Taxon

Pollen morphology of nine species representing four genera: Cephalaria Schrad, Dipsacus L., Pterocephalus Vaill. and Scabiosa L. of the family Dipsacaceae in Iran has been investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that pollen grains were triporate and tricolpate. The pollen type of Scabiosa rotata Bieb. (tri- and tetraporate) is the first report in the world. The sizes of pollen grains fall into the classification group magna (pollen grain diameter 50–100 μm). Pollen shapes vary from preoblate to prolate and their polar views were triangulate and lobate. The exine ornamentation varies from gemmate in S. rotata to spinulate in the rest studied species. Species of Scabiosa have been dispersed in UPGMA tree that this confirmed the previous studies about taxonomic problems and species complexity in this genus. These results show the transfer of the some Scabisoa species to Lomelosia Raf. based on palynological characters. Pollen morphology of the family is helpful at the generic and specific level.Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 24(2): 129–136, 2017 (December)

scholarly journals Relationship between pollen morphology and chromosome numbers in Brazilian species of Lippia L. (Verbenaceae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saulo M. Sousa ◽  
Patrícia M.O. Pierre ◽  
Giovana A. Torres ◽  
Lisete C. Davide ◽  
Lyderson F. Viccini
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Prolate Spheroidal ◽  
Oblate Spheroidal ◽  
Exine Ornamentation ◽  
Different Types

The pollen morphology and exine structure of 17 species of Lippia L. were investigated in this work using light and scanning electron microscopy. Among the species studied, 14 showed tricolporate pollen grains, two had tri- and tetracolporate pollen grains and a single species exhibited, only tetracolporate pollen. The amb ranged from triangular to square, and the shape varied from oblate-spheroidal to prolate-spheroidal. Three different types of exine ornamentation were observed: psilate, scabrate and perforate. In addition to morphological data, we found positive association between the chromosome numbers and size of pollen grains, and also between the length and width of the colpi. The results indicate that the characteristics of pollen grains in Lippia may be used as an additional taxonomic character of the genus.

Pollen morphology of Myrtaceae from the south-west Pacific area

1956 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
KM Pike
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
African Species ◽  
West Pacific ◽  
South West ◽  
The Family ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Pacific Area

The pollen grains of 300 species of 71 genera of the family Myrtaceae have been examined and their characteristic features summarized in tabular form. The investigation has been mainly concerned with those species that occur in the south-west, Pacific area, particularly Australia. For comparative purposes, the pollen morphology of a limited number of South American and two South African species has been included. The significance of pollen characters for distinguishing genera and species within the family is discussed. In some instances pollen morphology has provided additional evidence for the classification of certain species as suggested by taxonomists. A provisional key to pollen grains of the genera examined has been included.

Pollen morphology of Stellaria (Caryophyllaceae) from China and its systematic implications

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 429 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAN-FENG XU ◽  
YU-HUI JIANG ◽  
ZHI-WEI SU ◽  
ZHONG-HUI MA
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Pollen Types ◽  
The Family ◽  
Pore Number

Pollen morphology of 46 species and 11 varieties representing the 5 currently recognized sections and 10 series of Stellaria from China was investigated. Pollen grains of Stellaria are radially symmetrical, apolar, small or medium in diameter, pantoporate, spheroidal or spheroidal-polyhedral and have 8–22 pores with prominent or sunken pore membrane. The ornamentation is microechinate-punctate, microechinate-perforate or microechinate-punctate-perforate. 8 pollen types are recognized, and significant differences in shape, size, pore number and ornamentation are found. Arenaria and Cerastium were proved to be related to Stellaria, whereas Myosoton was suggested to be merged into Stellaria. The pollen morphological features indicated Stellaria was in a middle evolutionary position of the family Caryophyllaceae.

scholarly journals Pollen morphology and its systematic implication on some species of Artemisia L. from Gilgit-Baltistan Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adil Hussain ◽  
Daniel Potter ◽  
Muhammad Qasim Hayat ◽  
Sumaira Sahreen ◽  
Syed Ali Imran Bokhari
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Polar View ◽  
The Family ◽  
Artemisia Species ◽  
Taxonomic Marker ◽  
Micromorphological Characters ◽  
Gilgit Baltistan ◽  
Systematic Implication ◽  
Scanning Electron

This study was accomplished to scrutinize the pollen morphology of 15 species of the genus Artemisia of the family Asteraceae from Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistan by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results revealed pollen grains of Artemisia species with tricolporate shape, and characterized by globular symmetry (ellipsoid ball shaped from equatorial side and three lobed rounds from polar view) with few exceptions. Additionally, the pollens are marked with reduced spinules on their surfaces which are diagnostic character for the genus Artemisia. In this study, seven micromorphological characters of pollen grains of 15 Artemisia species viz. shape of pollen, arrangement of spinules, exine sculpture, spinules base, equatorial width and polar length, were employed to construct a dendrogram following the consequential cluster analyses. In the dentrogram, four groups within the studied Artemisia species have been recognized. The pollen morphology of Artemisia could be a good taxonomic marker to cope with its taxonomic delimitations in combination with other floral and molecular attributes.

scholarly journals Pollen morphology of the Polish species of the family Caprifoliaceae. Part 2

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irmina Maciejewska
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
The Family

This paper presents further results of studies on pollen morphology of the family <em>Caprifoliaceae</em>. Besides detailed descriptions of 6 species of genera <em>Linnaea</em> and <em>Lonicera</em>, series of LM and SEM microphotographs are included. All examined species have pollen grains of medium- or large-sized, with oblate forms, echinate (microechinate) ornamentation and short ectoaperture, often margined by costa. Length of spines and density of their distribution on the tectum allow to distinguish <em>Linnaea</em> and <em>Lonicera</em> subtypes. The key for determination of 11 <em>Caprifoliaceae</em> species, based on pollen morphology is proposed too.

scholarly journals 24A study on pollen morphology of the family Oleaceae Hoffmanns. & Link in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Hong Quang Bui ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Prolate Spheroidal ◽  
The Family ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Sem Analyses

This paper uses scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses and light microscopy (LM) to study pollen grains of species of the family Oleaceae Hoffmanns. & Link distributed in Vietnam, including 23 species belonging to 6 genera of the family (Oleaceae). Pollen grains of all species (Oleaceae) in Vietnam are isopolar, radial, 3- prolate pollen grains small size, with two types: subprolate type (Jasminum and Olea) and prolate spheroidal type (Jasminum, Fraxinus, Ligustrum, Osmanthus, and Chengiodendron). The surface of the pollen grains in most species is reticulate. These are important morphological features to classify the Nhai family through pollen morphology

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