Effect of pretreatment of pine seeds with herbicides on seed germination and growth of young seedlings

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sasaki ◽  
T. T. Kozlowski ◽  
J. H. Torrie
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Germination And Growth

The effect of 24-hour pretreatment of Pinus resinosa Ait. seeds with herbicides, before the seeds are planted in soil, was studied on seed germination and seedling development over a 34-day period. Atrazine, simazine, or propazine at 200, 500, or 1000 p.p.m. did not affect seed germination significantly. At 500 and 1000 p.p.m. CDEC and EPTC had little or no effect on seed germination whereas CDAA and 2,4-D markedly inhibited both early and final germination. Atrazine and simazine were very toxic to young pine seedlings, with toxicity proportional to herbicide dosage. In contrast to atrazine and simazine, propazine did not kill seedlings during the 34 days of the experiment. At 500 p.p.m. CDEC and EPTC began to kill young seedlings at 24 days; 2,4-D at 27 days. CDAA, which had suppressed seed germination greatly, did not kill young seedlings. Marked morphogenic changes in seedlings were caused by pretreatment of the seed with EPTC, CDEC, or 2,4-D. CDEC and EPTC caused fused cotyledons; 2,4-D caused swollen stems and shrivelled cotyledons. At about 20 days after planting, the primary leaves of plants whose seeds had been treated with EPTC or CDEC (500 p.p.m.) emerged through a split at the base of the fused cotyledons. Higher dosages of these herbicides suppressed emergence of primary needles.

scholarly journals Early development of corn seedlings primed with synthetic tenorite nanofertilizer

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Esper Neto ◽  
David W. Britt ◽  
Kyle Alan Jackson ◽  
Alessandro Lucca Braccini ◽  
Tadeu Takeyoshi Inoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Size Effects ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Cuo Nanoparticles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Corn Seed ◽  
Cu Toxicity ◽  
Germination And Growth

Abstract: Fertilizer formulation alternatives that avoid unnecessary losses and environmental impacts are being investigated in agricultural management. Seed priming with nanofertilizers prior to planting, reduces concerns about non-target dispersion; however, priming formulations and concentrations must be carefully selected to avoid undesired effects. Here, seed germination and seedling development were evaluated after seed priming with CuO nanoparticles (NPs), CuO bulk and CuCl2. The seeds were immersed in priming solutions of 0, 20, 40, 80 and 160 mg.L−1 Cu for the three Cu sources. Following 8 hours priming, the seeds were evaluated for germination and vigor (first germination count). Root and shoot lengths were measured as well as shoot and root dry biomass. The copper NP did not show any toxic effects on corn seed germination and growth, and also promoted higher biomass when compared to the other Cu sources. On the other hand, CuCl2 primed seeds exhibited Cu-toxicity in roots and shoots for all concentrations tested. Bulk Cu priming results indicated the better role of NPs size effects. These findings support NP-seed priming as an alternative to delivery of essential micronutrients, such as copper, to corn seedlings.

Effects of direct contact of Pinus resinosa seeds and young seedlings with 2,4-D or picloram on seedling development

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 1737-1741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching Chen Wu ◽  
T. T. Kozlowski ◽  
R. F. Evert ◽  
S. Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Parenchyma Cells

Effects of 2,4-D and picloram at 50 and 100 ppm on early development of Pinus resinosa seedlings were studied. Both herbicides caused abnormal development of pine seedlings. After seeds germinated, the first conspicuous effect of 2,4-D treatment was cessation of root elongation. Proliferation and expansion of parenchyma cells in the stem and cotyledons were also stimulated by 2,4-D, causing abnormal thickening of seedlings. Disorganization and collapse of parenchyma cells in the upper stem were followed by callus formation. Cotyledons of 2,4-D-treated plants developed abnormally. Formation of vascular strands was retarded. Division and expansion of mesophyll cells were stimulated by 2,4-D causing decrease in intercellular spaces. Numbers of stomata and chloroplasts were lower in cotyledons of treated plants than in controls. Cotyledons of treated plants were fused to primary needles. Expansion of early formed primary needles and initiation and expansion of additional primary needles were inhibited by 2,4-D. Effects of picloram on pine seedlings were somewhat similar to effects of 2,4-D but picloram appeared to be more toxic at comparable dosages.

Effect of Alachlor, Propachlor, and Prynachlor on GA3-induced Production of Protease and α-Amylase

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 616-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Sivaji Rao ◽  
William B. Duke
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Amylase Production ◽  
Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors ◽  
Germination And Growth

Alachlor [2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N(methoxymethyl)-acetanilide], propachlor (2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide) and prynachlor [2-chloro-N-(1-methyl-2-propynyl)acetanilide], inhibited gibberellic acid (GA3),-induced production of protease and α-amylase in deembryonated barley (Hordeum vulgareL, ‘Schuyler’) seed. Production of protease was more sensitive to these herbicides than α-amylase. The degree of inhibition of protease and α-amylase production caused by alachlor was equivalent to that caused by cycloheximide, puromycin and actinomycin-D, known protein and nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors. Higher GA3concentrations reversed the inhibition of protease and α-amylase synthesis caused by alachlor but did not reduce the effect of alachlor on barley seed germination and growth. It is concluded that the inhibition of protease and α-amylase production by alachlor is perhaps only one of several effects on early seed germination and seedling development.

Germination and Growth of Leafflower (Phyllanthus urinaria) as Affected by Cultural Conditions and Herbicides

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn R. Wehtje ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
Jesse A. Reeder
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Deep Layer ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Phyllanthus Urinaria ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Reduced Light ◽  
Osmotic Potentials

Factors affecting the germination and seedling growth of leafflower were evaluated. Germination required exposure to light. Seeds covered with a 1-cm deep layer of pine bark mulch failed to emerge. Maximum seedling development occurred in full exposure to sunlight; shading that reduced light intensity more than 26% was inhibitory. Maximum seed germination (79%) occurred between 25 and 35 C; temperatures outside this range were inhibitory. Germination was strongly influenced by osmotic potential. Osmotic potentials of 0, 304, and 507 kPa resulted in 85, 24 and 14% germination, respectively. PRE applications of either granular formulated oxadiazon at 4.5 kg ha–1, or premixed granular formulated oxyfluorfen + oryzalin at 4.6 + 2.3 kg ha–1, provided a minimum of 85% control. The following POST treatments provided a minimum of 90% control of mature plants: paraquat at 0.21 kg ha–1, glyphosate at 0.56 kg ha–1, oxyfluorfen at 1.12 kg ha–1, and acifluorfen at 2.24 kg ha–1.

scholarly journals Non-TZF Protein AtC3H59/ZFWD3 Is Involved in Seed Germination, Seedling Development, and Seed Development, Interacting with PPPDE Family Protein Desi1 in Arabidopsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4738
Author(s):  
Hye-Yeon Seok ◽  
Hyungjoon Bae ◽  
Taehyoung Kim ◽  
Syed Muhammad Muntazir Mehdi ◽  
Linh Vu Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Zinc Finger ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Ccch Zinc Finger ◽  
Family Protein ◽  
Wd40 Domain ◽  
Primary Root Length

Despite increasing reports on the function of CCCH zinc finger proteins in plant development and stress response, the functions and molecular aspects of many non-tandem CCCH zinc finger (non-TZF) proteins remain uncharacterized. AtC3H59/ZFWD3 is an Arabidopsis non-TZF protein and belongs to the ZFWD subfamily harboring a CCCH zinc finger motif and a WD40 domain. In this study, we characterized the biological and molecular functions of AtC3H59, which is subcellularly localized in the nucleus. The seeds of AtC3H59-overexpressing transgenic plants (OXs) germinated faster than those of wild type (WT), whereas atc3h59 mutant seeds germinated slower than WT seeds. AtC3H59 OX seedlings were larger and heavier than WT seedlings, whereas atc3h59 mutant seedlings were smaller and lighter than WT seedlings. Moreover, AtC3H59 OX seedlings had longer primary root length than WT seedlings, whereas atc3h59 mutant seedlings had shorter primary root length than WT seedlings, owing to altered cell division activity in the root meristem. During seed development, AtC3H59 OXs formed larger and heavier seeds than WT. Using yeast two-hybrid screening, we isolated Desi1, a PPPDE family protein, as an interacting partner of AtC3H59. AtC3H59 and Desi1 interacted via their WD40 domain and C-terminal region, respectively, in the nucleus. Taken together, our results indicate that AtC3H59 has pleiotropic effects on seed germination, seedling development, and seed development, and interacts with Desi1 in the nucleus via its entire WD40 domain. To our knowledge, this is the first report to describe the biological functions of the ZFWD protein and Desi1 in Arabidopsis.

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