The effect of rust infection on DNA, RNA, and protein in nuclei of Khapli wheat leaves

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Bhattacharya ◽  
Michael Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Fast Green ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Wheat Leaves

The effects were determined of infection with Race 15B of the stem rust fungus on the levels of nuclear DNA (Feulgen), RNA (azure B), histone (fast green pH 8.1), and total protein (fast green pH 2.0) and on the size of the nuclei in the mesophyll cells of the primary leaf of Khapli wheat (rust reaction type 1). Nuclear size, RNA, and total protein content increased and histone content decreased by 3 days after inoculation. DNA content decreased from 4 days after inoculation. These results for the resistant variety Khapli are similar to those reported earlier for the susceptible variety, Little Club, but the observed changes occur more rapidly after inoculation than they do in Little Club.

THE PHYSIOLOGY OF HOST–PARASITE RELATIONS: XVIII. DISTRIBUTION OF TRITIUM-LABELLED CYTIDINE, URIDINE, AND LEUCINE IN WHEAT LEAVES INFECTED WITH THE STEM RUST FUNGUS

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 555-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Bhattacharya ◽  
Michael Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Fungal Mycelium ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Host Parasite

Wheat leaves were detached 6 days after inoculation with the stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis var. tritici Erikss. and Henn.) and fed with tritiated leucine, cytidine, uridine, or thymidine. Mesophyll cells in infected zones incorporated more leucine into protein and more cytidine and uridine into RNA than did cells in adjacent uninfected tissue. Leucine, cytidine, and uridine were also heavily incorporated by fungal mycelium and developing uredospores. Grain counts over host nuclei in the infected zone were two to three-fold of those over nuclei in adjacent uninfected zones. There was no detectable incorporation of thymidinemethyl-3H into either the fungus or the host cells. The results are discussed.

THE PHYSIOLOGY OF HOST–PARASITE RELATIONS: XV. FINE STRUCTURE IN RUST-INFECTED WHEAT LEAVES

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 1285-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Shaw ◽  
M. S. Manocha
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Subcellular Organelles ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Host Cell Wall ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Host Parasite

Electron microscopy showed that the haustoria of P. graminis tritici on wheat were characterized by numerous mitochondria, an extensive endoplasmic reticulum, densely packed ribosomes, and a well-defined plasma membrane (plasmalemma), which was often invaginated by lomasomes. No evidence was obtained for cytoplasmic connections between the parasite and its host. Many of the haustoria formed on a resistant variety, Khapli, were necrotic but others were closely similar to those formed on a susceptible variety, Little Club. The haustorial necks were surrounded by a collar-like sheath formed by an extension of the host cell wall. The haustoria merely invaginated host protoplasts from which they were separated by granular encapsulations. The latter were apparently secreted mainly by the host and developed faster in Khapli than in Little Club. The presence of haustoria also induced the formation of an extensive, smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum in the host, a contraction and fragmentation of the vacuole, an increase in the volume of the cytoplasm, and, ultimately, the complete degeneration of the host cells. The processes of breakdown of the subcellular organelles in the host were very similar to those which have been observed in uninfected cells in detached leaves senescing on water.

scholarly journals Profiling of Cerebrospinal Fluid Lipids and Their Relationship with Plasma Lipids in Healthy Humans

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Kosuke Saito ◽  
Kotaro Hattori ◽  
Shinsuke Hidese ◽  
Daimei Sasayama ◽  
Tomoko Miyakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Lipid Homeostasis ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Lipid Profiling ◽  
Healthy Humans

Lipidomics provides an overview of lipid profiles in biological systems. Although blood is commonly used for lipid profiling, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is more suitable for exploring lipid homeostasis in brain diseases. However, whether an individual’s background affects the CSF lipid profile remains unclear, and the association between CSF and plasma lipid profiles in heathy individuals has not yet been defined. Herein, lipidomics approaches were employed to analyze CSF and plasma samples obtained from 114 healthy Japanese subjects. Results showed that the global lipid profiles differed significantly between CSF and plasma, with only 13 of 114 lipids found to be significantly correlated between the two matrices. Additionally, the CSF total protein content was the primary factor associated with CSF lipids. In the CSF, the levels of major lipids, namely, phosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelins, and cholesterolesters, correlated with CSF total protein levels. These findings indicate that CSF lipidomics can be applied to explore changes in lipid homeostasis in patients with brain diseases.

Prediction of Human Acute Toxicity by the Hep G2/24-hour/Total Protein Assay, with Protein Measurement by the CBQCA Method

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Dierickx
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Human Toxicity ◽  
Hep G2 ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Protein Assay ◽  
Lowry Method ◽  
Total Protein Assay

In our previously described Hep G2/24-hour/total protein assay, protein levels were measured by using the Lowry method. This assay was the best acute in vitro assay for the prediction of human toxicity within the Multicentre Evaluation of In Vitro Cytotoxicity (MEIC) study. In order to increase the MEIC data-base with a wider range of chemicals, we were interested in introducing the more practical 3-(4-carboxybenzoyl)-quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde (CBQCA) method for the quantification of the total protein content. Therefore, we investigated whether the same good results for the prediction of acute human toxicity would be obtained with the CBQCA method. The cells were treated for 24 hours, then cytotoxicity was determined by measuring the total protein content with CBQCA. The results were quantified by using the PI50c: the concentration (in mM) of test compound required to reduce the total protein content measured with the CBQCA-method by 50% as compared to the control cells. The results were compared with the PI50, the corresponding value when the Lowry method was used. A relatively low correlation was observed between PI50 and PI50c, reflecting the large and unexpected, differences when using the two protein assays. However, when comparing the log PI50c with the human toxicity, a correlation coefficient of r2 = 0.761 ( n = 44) was obtained for exactly the same series of MEIC chemicals. This value is clearly higher than that for the Lowry method ( r2 = 0.695). Compared to the Lowry method originally used, the Hep G2/24-hour/CBQCA total protein assay has the additional important advantage that it can be very easily adapted for large-scale analyses with robotic systems, including the on-line calculation of the results.

Total protein content and protein synthesis within pre-elongation stage bovine embryos

1998 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G. Thompson ◽  
A.N.M. Sherman ◽  
N.W. Allen ◽  
L.T. McGowan ◽  
H.R. Tervit
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Bovine Embryos

The effect of ethanol on some hematological parameters of the australian red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus)

2022 ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
D. Skafar ◽  
D. Shumeyko
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Cherax Quadricarinatus ◽  
Total Hemocyte Count ◽  
Red Claw Crayfish ◽  
Experimental Group

Purpose: to study the effect of ethanol on the parameters of THC, the percentage of granulocytes and total protein in the hemolymph of the Red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus).Materials and methods. The object of this experiment was 26 males of the Australian red-clawed crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) weighing from 23 to 83 g. The individuals were evenly divided into two experimental groups - with an injection of ethanol and a control group without an injection of 13 crayfish for each group. The injection dose was 2515 mg per 100 g of body weight. A day after the introduction of ethanol, hemolymph was taken with a syringe from the ventral sinus, the syringe was pre-washed with a 4% EDTA-Na2 solution. Three parameters were determined: the total hemocyte count (THC), percent granulocytes and percent total protein content. Counting of hemocytes and determination of granulocytes were performed in a Goryaev chamber under a light microscope. The total protein was determined by the refractometric method.Results. Differences in THC and total protein between the groups were statistically unreliable (p>0,05). THC in the experimental group is 36% more than in the control group. The total protein after the introduction of ethanol actually increased by 0,7%, and relatively by 14%. There were statistically different indicators of the proportion of granulocytes (p<0,05) - the average value of 33,1% in the experimental group versus 24,5% in the control group. A reliable (p<0,05) strong feedback was revealed between the total protein and the mass of individuals in both experimental groups, while in the experimental group there is a visible shift in the values of dependent hemolymph indicators towards an increase in smaller individuals.Conclusion. A single injection of ethyl alcohol with a dosage of 2515 mg per 100 g of body weight into the hemolymph of C. quadricarinatus does not cause significant changes in the THC and total protein after 24 hours. At the same time, the proportion of granulocytes actually increases by 9%, relative to 37%. This may indicate that granulocytes are involved in the formation of cancer defense mechanisms when exposed to toxic substances. The effect of different dosages of ethanol injections and the duration of its effect on hematological parameters requires additional consideration. It is necessary to investigate its effect on other indicators, such as the pH and buffer capacity of the hemolymph, the concentration of hemocyanin, glucose, lactates and calcium.

scholarly journals Surface topography of hydroxyapatite affects ROS17/2.8 cells response

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adalberto Luiz Rosa ◽  
Márcio Mateus Beloti ◽  
Richard van Noort ◽  
Paul Vincent Hatton ◽  
Anne Jane Devlin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Surface Topography ◽  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Alp Activity ◽  
Powder Pressing

Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been used in orthopedic, dental, and maxillofacial surgery as a bone substitute. The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of surface topography produced by the presence of microporosity on cell response, evaluating: cell attachment, cell morphology, cell proliferation, total protein content, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. HA discs with different percentages of microporosity (< 5%, 15%, and 30%) were confected by means of the combination of uniaxial powder pressing and different sintering conditions. ROS17/2.8 cells were cultured on HA discs. For the evaluation of attachment, cells were cultured for two hours. Cell morphology was evaluated after seven days. After seven and fourteen days, cell proliferation, total protein content, and ALP activity were measured. Data were compared by means of ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple range test, when appropriate. Cell attachment (p = 0.11) and total protein content (p = 0.31) were not affected by surface topography. Proliferation after 7 and 14 days (p = 0.0007 and p = 0.003, respectively), and ALP activity (p = 0.0007) were both significantly decreased by the most irregular surface (HA30). These results suggest that initial cell events were not affected by surface topography, while surfaces with more regular topography, as those present in HA with 15% or less of microporosity, favored intermediary and final events such as cell proliferation and ALP activity.

scholarly journals Heat and Pressure Treatments on Almond Protein Stability and Change in Immunoreactivity after Simulated Human Digestion

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta De Angelis ◽  
Simona Bavaro ◽  
Graziana Forte ◽  
Rosa Pilolli ◽  
Linda Monaci
Keyword(s):  
Protein Stability ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Pattern ◽  
Protein Quantification ◽  
Protein Profiling ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Bioinformatic Tools ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Allergenic Proteins

Almond is consumed worldwide and renowned as a valuable healthy food. Despite this, it is also a potent source of allergenic proteins that can trigger several mild to life-threatening immunoreactions. Food processing proved to alter biochemical characteristics of proteins, thus affecting the respective allergenicity. In this paper, we investigated the effect of autoclaving, preceded or not by a hydration step, on the biochemical and immunological properties of almond proteins. Any variation in the stability and immunoreactivity of almond proteins extracted from the treated materials were evaluated by total protein quantification, Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), and protein profiling by electrophoresis-based separation (SDS-PAGE). The sole autoclaving applied was found to weakly affect almond protein stability, despite what was observed when hydration preceded autoclaving, which resulted in a loss of approximately 70% of total protein content compared to untreated samples, and a remarkable reduction of the final immunoreactivity. The final SDS-PAGE protein pattern recorded for hydrated and autoclaved almonds disclosed significant changes. In addition, the same samples were further submitted to human-simulated gastro-intestinal (GI) digestion to evaluate potential changes induced by these processing methods on allergen digestibility. Digestion products were identified by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS/MS) analysis followed by software-based data mining, and complementary information was provided by analyzing the proteolytic fragments lower than 6 kDa in size. The autoclave-based treatment was found not to alter the allergen digestibility, whereas an increased susceptibility to proteolytic action of digestive enzymes was observed in almonds subjected to autoclaving of prehydrated almond kernels. Finally, the residual immunoreactivity of the GI-resistant peptides was in-silico investigated by bioinformatic tools. Results obtained confirm that by adopting both approaches, no epitopes associated with known allergens survived, thus demonstrating the potential effectiveness of these treatments to reduce almond allergenicity.

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