GENETICS OF LUPINUS: I. VARIATIONS IN FLOWER COLOR FROM NATURAL POPULATIONS OF LUPINUS NANUS

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1831-1836 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Harding ◽  
C. B. Mankinen
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Color Characteristic ◽  
Blue Flower ◽  
Light Blue ◽  
Color Variants ◽  
Genetic Bases

Methods using natural outcrossing were developed for testing the genetic bases of flower color variants from natural populations of Lupinus nanus. Six flower color variants were described and named white, white-crinkle, faint-blue, light-blue-stripe, pink, and lavender. Each was found to be a simple Mendelian recessive to the dominant blue flower color characteristic of the species. Intercrosses among the six recessive genotypes established that the genes for the different colors were not allelic. The loci were designated B/b for white, Bc/bc for white-crinkle, F/f for faint-blue, A/a for light-blue-stripe, P/p for pink, and L/l for lavender.

scholarly journals Deteksi Zona pada KRSTI dengan Sensor Warna TCS3200

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Ahmad Imam Bardani ◽  
Nuryono Satya Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Dance Movement ◽  
Light Blue ◽  
Color Sensor ◽  
Automation Control ◽  
Different Color ◽  
The Right

Robot seni tari Lanange Jagad untuk lomba Kontes Robot Seni Tari Indonesia (KRSTI) belum mampu membedakan zona warna pada arena yang menyebabkan robot melakukan gerakan tarian yang tidak sesuai dengan tempatnya. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan kontrol otomatisasi menggunakan sensor warna TCS3200. TCS3200 akan memperoleh komposisi RGB yang tepat menggunakan perhitungan frekuensi. Hasil yang dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah robot seni tari Lanange Jagad dapat membedakan zona dengan memanfaatkan warna merah, biru, biru muda, hijau, dan putih dengan tingkat keberhasilan 84%. Ketika robot mendeteksi warna yang sudah ditentukan pada setiap zona, robot akan secara otomatis melakukan gerakan tari yang sudah disesuaikan dengan zona tersebut. Saat robot masuk ke zona warna berbeda maka robot akan menghentikan gerakan tari pada zona sebelumnya dan memanggil gerakan tari selanjutnya. Namun masih terdapat banyak noise saat melakukan pengujian sehingga nilai RGB yang digunakan untuk memanggil gerakan tari berubah sehingga robot tidak merespons perintah yang dimasukkan pada program. Nilai RGB yang stabil di dapatkan pada kondisi kaki robot menapak atau bersentuhan langsung dengan zona warna, nilai tersebut yang digunakan untuk pemanggilan gerakan tari.The Lanange Jagad dance robot for the Indonesian Robot Dance Contest (KRSTI) has not been able to distinguish the color zone in the arena that causes the robot to perform dance moves that are not in accordance with its place. Therefore we need automation control using the TCS3200 color sensor. TCS3200 will obtain the right RGB composition using frequency calculations. The results achieved in this study are the Lanange Jagad dance robot can distinguish zones by utilizing red, blue, light blue, green, and white with a success rate of 84%. When the robot detects the colors that have been determined in each zone, the robot will automatically perform dance moves that have been adapted to the zone. When the robot enters a different color zone, the robot will stop the dance movement in the previous zone and call the next dance movement. However, there is still a lot of noise when testing so that the RGB value used to call dance moves changes so that the robot does not respond to commands entered in the program. A stable RGB value is obtained when the robot's foot steps or comes into direct contact with the color zone, the value that is used for calling dance moves.

scholarly journals Why Variation in Flower Color May Help Reproductive Success in the Endangered Australian Orchid Caladenia fulva

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia Basist ◽  
Adrian G. Dyer ◽  
Jair E. Garcia ◽  
Ruth E. Raleigh ◽  
Ann C. Lawrie
Keyword(s):  
Seed Viability ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Artificial Pollination ◽  
Flower Color Polymorphism ◽  
Open Woodland ◽  
Color Variants

Caladenia fulva G.W. Carr (Tawny Spider-orchid) is a terrestrial Australian endangered orchid confined to contiguous reserves in open woodland in Victoria, Australia. Natural recruitment is poor and no confirmed pollinator has been observed in the last 30 years. Polymorphic variation in flower color complicates plans for artificial pollination, seed collection and ex situ propagation for augmentation or re-introduction. DNA sequencing showed that there was no distinction among color variants in the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the chloroplast trnT-trnF and matK regions. Also, authentic specimens of both C. fulva and Caladenia reticulata from the reserves clustered along with these variants, suggesting free interbreeding. Artificial cross-pollination in situ and assessment of seed viability further suggested that no fertility barriers existed among color variants. Natural fruit set was 15% of the population and was proportional to numbers of the different flower colors but varied with orchid patch within the population. Color modeling on spectral data suggested that a hymenopteran pollinator could discriminate visually among color variants. The similarity in fruiting success, however, suggests that flower color polymorphism may avoid pollinator habituation to specific non-rewarding flower colors. The retention of large brightly colored flowers suggests that C. fulva has maintained attractiveness to foraging insects rather than evolving to match a scarce unreliable hymenopteran sexual pollinator. These results suggest that C. fulva should be recognized as encompassing plants with these multiple flower colors, and artificial pollination should use all variants to conserve the biodiversity of the extant population.

scholarly journals Reproductive Assurance Maintains Red-Flowered Plants of Lysimachia arvensis in Mediterranean Populations Despite Inbreeding Depression

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Jiménez-López ◽  
Pedro L. Ortiz ◽  
María Talavera ◽  
Montserrat Arista
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Selfed Progeny ◽  
Mediterranean Populations ◽  
Mediterranean Areas ◽  
Flower Color Polymorphism

Flower color polymorphism, an infrequent but phylogenetically widespread condition in plants, is captivating because it can only be maintained under a few selective regimes but also because it can drive intra-morph assortative mating and promote speciation. Lysimachia arvensis is a polymorphic species with red or blue flowered morphs. In polymorphic populations, which are mostly Mediterranean, pollinators prefer blue-flowered plants to the red ones, and abiotic factors also favors blue-flowered plants. We hypothesize that the red morph is maintained in Mediterranean areas due to its selfing capacity. We assessed inbreeding depression in both color morphs in two Mediterranean populations and genetic diversity was studied via SSR microsatellites in 20 natural populations. Results showed that only 44–47% of selfed progeny of the red plants reached reproduction while about 72–91% of blue morph progeny did it. Between-morph genetic differentiation was high and the red morph had a lower genetic diversity and a higher inbreeding coefficient, mainly in the Mediterranean. Results suggest that selfing maintaining the red morph in Mediterranean areas despite its inbreeding depression. In addition, genetic differentiation between morphs suggests a low gene flow between them, suggesting reproductive isolation.

Resistance to cold temperature stress in populations of Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans

1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 693 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Genetic Study ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Tropical Climate ◽  
Cold Temperature ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Genetic Bases

Populations of D. melanogaster and D. simulans were tested for resistance to the cold-temperature stress of - 1�C. Mean mortalities after 48 h followed the sequence D. melanogaster (Townsville) > D. simulans (Townsville) > D. simulans (Melbourne), which were all considerably greater than D. melanogaster (Melbourne). These differences can be related to differences between the sub- tropical climate of Townsville and the temperate climate of Melbourne. The physiological (and genetic) bases of resistance to cold temperature and desiccation differ considerably. The simultaneous genetic study of both traits would be advantageous in understanding the distribution and abundance of natural populations of Drosophila.

scholarly journals Cloning and Functional Characterization of Dihydroflavonol 4-Reductase Gene Involved in Anthocyanidin Biosynthesis of Grape Hyacinth

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 4743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongli Liu ◽  
Qian Lou ◽  
Junren Ma ◽  
Beibei Su ◽  
Zhuangzhuang Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Flower Colour ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Color Variation ◽  
Blue Flower ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Color Development ◽  
High Preference ◽  
Grape Hyacinth

Grape hyacinth (Muscari spp.) is a popular ornamental plant with bulbous flowers noted for their rich blue color. Muscari species have been thought to accumulate delphinidin and cyanidin rather than pelargonidin-type anthocyanins because their dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) does not efficiently reduce dihydrokaempferol. In our study, we clone a novel DFR gene from blue flowers of Muscari. aucheri. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and anthocyanin analysis showed that the expression pattern of MaDFR had strong correlations with the accumulation of delphinidin, relatively weak correlations with cyanidin, and no correations with pelargonidin. However, in vitro enzymatic analysis revealed that the MaDFR enzyme can reduce all the three types of dihydroflavonols (dihydrokaempferol, dihydroquercetin, and dihydromyricetin), although it most preferred dihydromyricetin as a substrate to produce leucodelphinidin, the precursor of blue-hued delphinidin. This indicated that there may be other functional genes responsible for the loss of red pelargonidin-based pigments in Muscari. To further verify the substrate-specific selection domains of MaDFR, an assay of amino acid substitutions was conducted. The activity of MaDFR was not affected whenever the N135 or E146 site was mutated. However, when both of them were mutated, the catalytic activity of MaDFR was lost completely. The results suggest that both the N135 and E146 sites are essential for the activity of MaDFR. Additionally, the heterologous expression of MaDFR in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) resulted in increasing anthocyanin accumulation, leading to a darker flower color, which suggested that MaDFR was involved in color development in flowers. In summary, MaDFR has a high preference for dihydromyricetin, and it could be a powerful candidate gene for genetic engineering for blue flower colour modification. Our results also make a valuable contribution to understanding the basis of color variation in the genus Muscari.

Analysis of Flavonoids in Flower Petals of Soybean Flower Color Variants

Crop Science ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 1918-1924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsukasa Iwashina ◽  
Maurice E. Oyoo ◽  
Nisar A. Khan ◽  
Hisakazu Matsumura ◽  
Ryoji Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Flower Color ◽  
Color Variants

Studies of haploid–diploid twins in flax (Linum usitatissimum)

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice E. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Blue Flower ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Chromosomal Pairing ◽  
Haploid Embryos ◽  
Double Cross

The present study was designed to investigate the origin of twin seedlings in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). The twins were derived from crosses of high-twinning × nontwinning lines. The data presented were based on the following: (i) the morphology of twins in terms of variations in the position, orientation, and size of the twin embryos in the embryo sac and in the mature seed; (ii) the cytological interpretation of meiosis in the haploid and diploid member of F2 twins, and chromosomal pairing of the F3 diploid, triploid, and trisomic progeny obtained from crossing haploid × diploid F2 twins; and (iii) the genetic analysis of twinning frequencies, seed set by twins in single and double cross progenies, and the combinations of flower color phenotypes in F2 twins derived from blue flower × white flower crosses. The results, based on the survival rate of the haploid embryos, the cytological interpretation of meiosis, the fertility in the haploids, and in particular, the flower phenotype of twins in nine F2 families, support the hypothesis that the progenitors of the twin embryos are two-megaspore nuclei rather than one.Key words: flax twins.

scholarly journals Newly Elucidated Mechanism for Blue Flower Color Development

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadao KONDO ◽  
Minoru UEDA ◽  
Kumi YOSHIDA
Keyword(s):  
Flower Color ◽  
Blue Flower ◽  
Color Development
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