MINERAL NUTRITION OF CACAO (THEOBROMA CACAO L.).COMPARISON OF PLANT GROWTH AND NUTRIENT CONTENT OF LEAVES OF SIX C.R.I. VARIETIES GROWN IN OPTIMUM AND DEFICIENT CONDITIONS IN SAND CULTURE

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 681-689
Author(s):  
R. G. Lockard ◽  
E. J. A. Asomaning
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
West African ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Similar Growth ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L ◽  
Sand Cultures ◽  
Absorbing Roots

The early growth of six cacao varieties important in the breeding program of the Cocoa Research Institute was investigated in sand cultures supplied with optimum and deficient levels of plant nutrients. The varieties tested were the Amazon selections Nanay (Ny) and Parinari (Pa), West African Amelonado (A), and their hybrids, NyA, PaA, and NyPa. Varieties Ny, NyA, and NyPa had similar growth patterns and were the fastest growing; varieties PaA and Pa were similar and the next best; and A was the slowest growing. In the control solutions variety Pa was larger than variety A, but in all deficient nutrient treatments except the calcium-deficient one, the two varieties grew to equal size.Nutrient levels in the leaves did not vary greatly between varieties, and apparently were not correlated with plant growth. The larger, more vigorous varieties had a higher percentage of small lateral absorbing roots than did the less vigorous varieties.The Amazon varieties Ny and Pa grew significantly less in the potassium-deficient nutrient solution than did the Amelonado variety A when compared with their controls. In addition, the symptoms of potassium deficiency exhibited by the Amazon varieties were more severe than those of the Amelonado variety.

scholarly journals 793 PB 039 CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM, AND NITROGEN FERTILIZTION AFFECTS LEAF NUTRIENT CONTENT AND GROWTH OF `STERLING' MUSCADINE GRAPE

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 546f-546
Author(s):  
James M. Spiers ◽  
John H. Braswell
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
Vitis Rotundifolia ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Calcium Fertilization ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Leaf N

The effects of varying N, Ca, and Mg fertilization levels on plant growth and leaf elemental content of `Sterling' muscadine grapes (Vitis rotundifolia Michaux) were studied in a 2 year sand culture experiment. Increased N levels reduced leaf K, Ca, and Mn and increased leaf N and P concentrations plus plant growth. Calcium fertilization increased leaf Ca, decreased leaf Mg, but did not affect plant growth. Mg fertilization reduced leaf K and Ca and increased leaf Mg plus plant growth. Visual symptoms, assumed to be Mg deficiencies, were decreased by Mg fertilization and highly correlated to leaf Mg content. Plants which received the highest Ca fertilizer level had fewer deficiency symptoms when treated with the highest rate of N. Calcium fertilization tended to slow both Mg uptake and deficiency symptoms reductions caused by increases in levels of applied Mg. Growth of `Sterling' muscadine plants was positively correlated to leaf N and Mg and negatively related to leaf K, Ca, Mn, Zn, and Cu concentrations.

Episodic whole plant growth patterns in Ligustrum

1993 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff S. Kuehny ◽  
Mary C. Halbrooks
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Whole Plant

scholarly journals Effect of different levels of humic acids on the nutrient content, plant growth, and soil properties under conditions of salinity

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Khaled ◽  
H.A. Fawy
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Nutrient Elements ◽  
A Minor

In this study, the effects were investigated of salinity, foliar and soil applications of humic substances on the growth and mineral nutrients uptake of Corn (Hagein, Fardy10), and the comparison was carried out of the soil and foliar applications of humic acid treatments at different NaCl levels. Soil organic contents are one of the most important parts that they directly affect the soil fertility and textures with their complex and heterogenous structures although they occupy a minor percentage of the soil weight. Humic acids are an important soil component that can improve nutrient availability and impact on other important chemical, biological, and physical properties of soils. The effects of foliar and soil applications of humic substances on the plant growth and some nutrient elements uptake of Corn (Hagein, Fardy10) grown at various salt concentrations were examined. Sodium chloride was added to the soil to obtain 20 and 60mM saline conditions. Solid humus was applied to the soil one month before planting and liquid humic acids were sprayed on the leaves twice on 20<sup>th</sup> and 40<sup>th</sup> day after seedling emergence. The application doses of solid humus were 0, 2 and 4 g/kg and those of liquid humic acids were 0, 0.1 and 0.2%. Salinity negatively affected the growth of corn; it also decreased the dry weight and the uptake of nutrient elements except for Na and Mn. Soil application of humus increased the N uptake of corn while foliar application of humic acids increased the uptake of P, K, Mg,Na,Cu and Zn. Although the effect of interaction between salt and soil humus application was found statistically significant, the interaction effect between salt and foliar humic acids treatment was not found significant. Under salt stress, the first doses of both soil and foliar application of humic substances increased the uptake of nutrients.

scholarly journals The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation on Euterpe oleracea mart. (açaí) seedlings

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1018-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Ying Chu
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Euterpe Oleracea ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Infected Root ◽  
Black Plastic

With the objective of verifying the response of Euterpe oleracea seedlings to seven arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi species, an experimental trial was carried out under greenhouse conditions. Seeds of E. oleracea were sown in carbonized rice husk. Germinating seeds were initially transferred to plastic cups, containing fumigated Reddish Yellow Quartz Sand and inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Two months later, seedlings were transferred to 2 kg black plastic bags, containing the same soil without fumigation. Plant growth and mineral nutrients were evaluated nine months after mycorrhizal inoculation. Differential effects were observed among the species tested, with Scutellispora gilmorei being the most effective ones in promoting growth and nutrient content of E. oleracea seedlings. The increment resulted from inoculation with S. gilmorei were 92% in total plant height, 116% in stem diameter, 361% in dry matter production, 191% in N, 664% in P, 46% in K, 562% in Ca, 363% in Mg and 350% in Zn contents, comparing to uninoculated controls. Infected root length was positively correlated to nutrient content and plant growth. It was concluded that growth and nutrient uptake of E. oleracea seedlings could be significantly improved by inoculation of effective arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.

NODULATION RESPONSES OF TWO NEAR ISOGENIC LINES OF THE SOYBEAN

1957 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis E. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Response ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Soybean Line ◽  
Sand Cultures ◽  
Different Soils

Nodulation responses and certain other characteristics of a mutant soybean line highly recalcitrant to nodulation were compared with those of a nodulating sister line. Roots of the two lines were found to harbor equal numbers of rhizobia. Stem graftings to provide top growths of one line on roots of the other failed to alter the distinctive nodulation responses of rootstocks. Ascorbic acid contents in the two lines were identical, both in the tops and in the roots, although contents in tops greatly exceeded those found in roots. Chromatographic studies on the amino acids in seed hydrolyzates and in alcoholic extracts of seedlings showed no differences between the two lines either in kind or quantities of amino acids. In a survey of stock rhizobia for cultures effective on the nonnodulating line, bacteria were discovered which formed nodules on such soybeans growing in sand and nutrient solution. Isolates from these nodules again yielded effective nodulation on plants in sand culture, but gave no nodulation whatsoever on plants growing in soil. This negative response was confirmed in three different soils. Admixtures of soil and of miscellaneous materials with sand were employed to alter nodulation responses from those shown in sand cultures.

scholarly journals Influence of Bacterial Inoculation on Growth and Plant Nutrition of Peach Grafted in Different Rootstocks in Calcareous Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 2615-2624
Author(s):  
Muzaffer İpek ◽  
Şeyma Arıkan ◽  
Ahmet Eşitken ◽  
Lütfi Pırlak ◽  
Mesude Figen Dönmez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Enzyme Synthesis ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
High Iron Content

The highly calcareous soil limits plant growth parameters due to inadequate uptake of plant nutrients. Calcareous soil conditions affect plant growth through impaired chlorophyll synthesis, root growth, enzyme synthesis, and nutrient uptake. To overcome the negative effect of calcareous soil, six bacterial strains namely Alcaligenes 637Ca, Agrobacterium A18, Staphylococcus MFDCa1, Staphylococcus MFDCa2, Bacillus M3, and Pantoea FF1 were inoculated in one-year-old plants of peach cultivar ‘Elegant Lady’ grafted onto GF677 and Nemaguard rootstocks. The bacterial treatments were observed to improve plant growth and nutrient content compared to the control. Moreover, the GF677 rootstock was observed to be more tolerant to high calcareous soil conditions than Nemaguard, showing better plant growth and nutrient content. At the Nemaguard rootstocks, the largest leaf area was observed to be upon inoculation with MFDCa2 (29.1 cm2), FF1 (28.8 cm2), and M3 (28.1 cm2), whereas at the GF677 rootstock, the highest leaf area was observed upon inoculation with MFDCa1 (34.7 cm2), FF1 (32.6 cm2), and 637Ca (31.5 cm2). The leaf iron content was higher in bacterial treatments than the control. In the Nemaguard rootstock, the highest iron content was measured in plants inoculated with 637Ca (133.49 mg kg–1) and M3 (127.64 mg kg–1), whereas in the GF677 rootstock, the treatments MFDCa1 (131.51 mg kg–1), 637Ca (131.21 mg kg–1), FF1 (127.72 mg kg–1), and M3 (127.68 mg kg–1) resulted in high iron content. The results indicate that bacterial inoculations have a significant potential to improve plant growth and can be used as biofertilizers for peach grafted onto Nemaguard and GF677 in high calcareous soil conditions.

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