REPRODUCTION OF FAGUS GRANDIFOLIA EHRH. BY SEED IN WISCONSIN

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 757-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Dix ◽  
R. F. Skrentny Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Forest Type ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Hardwood Forests ◽  
Fagus Grandifolia ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Favorable Conditions

An investigation was carried out to determine the factor or factors causing the paucity of reproduction by seeds of Fagus grandifolia in southern Wisconsin, as contrasted with the relatively abundant reproduction by seed in the northern part of the state. A greater percentage of viable seed was found to occur in northern conifer–hardwood forests than in southern hardwood forests. The results of in vitro tests suggested that pollen from trees in northern conifer–hardwood forests has a higher percentage germination and produces longer pollen tubes than that from trees found in southern hardwood forests. Parthenocarpic development was observed but the seeds from such fruits were not viable. Quantitative studies on seedling survival showed higher survival rates in the mor humus of northern conifer–hardwood stands than in the mul humus of southern hardwood stands. The study suggests that the relatively high success of beech reproduction by seeds in northern conifer–hardwood forests is related to both higher seed viability and more favorable conditions for seed germination and seedling survival. Geographic location of stands appears less important than forest type to the success of beech reproduction by seed.

scholarly journals Inhibición del quórum sensing mediante el quórum quenching en postlarvas de Litopenaeus vannamei

2020 ◽  
pp. 01
Author(s):  
Jefferson Javier Intriago Angulo ◽  
Juan Gerardo Quimi Mujica ◽  
Jordana Jineyka López Parra ◽  
David Villarreal de la Torre ◽  
Edmundo Matute ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Quorum Quenching ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
In Vitro Tests

Inhibition of the quorum sensing by quorum quenching in postlarva of Litopenaeus vannamei El cultivo del camarón blanco Litopenaeus vannamei es un recurso acuícola de gran importancia económica a nivel mundial; sin embargo, es severamente afectado por varios tipos de enfermedades infecciosas, principalmente virales y bacterianas. Sin embargo las pérdidas masivas reportadas durante los últimos años, están generalmente relacionadas a infecciones bacterianas en particular, el síndrome de mortalidad temprana (EMS) y más recientemente relacionada a la enfermedad de necrosis hepatopancreática aguda (AHPND) por sus siglas en ingles. Para asegurar la sostenibilidad de la industria del camarón, se debe mejorar la productividad en particular mediante el uso de consorcios de bacterias probióticas eficientes para la prevención de las enfermedades bacterianas. Dos consorcios de bacterias probióticas (consorcios comerciales y consorcio CA), fueron evaluados en pruebas in vitro y en tanques de producción de post-larvas de camarón L. vannamei, donde se realizó la determinación subsecuente del grado de inhibición del quórum sensing de las bacterias patogénicas mediante el quórum quenching de bacterias probióticas y paralelamente a los análisis de sobrevivencia. Como resultados el consorcio CA fue el que presento mayor grado de inhibición del quorum sensing in vitro en paralelo a los mayores porcentajes de sobrevivencia en tanques de producción de post-larvas de camarón. El mejor efecto probiótico en post-larvas de L. vannamei resultaron en los tratamientos del consorcio CA, como los mejores supresores en la presencia de vibrios en el cultivo bacteriológico así como mayores porcentajes de sobrevivencia en tanques de producción de post-larvas de camarón. Palabras clave: Litopenaeus vannamei; quorum sensing; quorum quenching; bacterias patogénicas; bacterias probióticas Abstract The cultivation of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei is an aquaculture resource of great economic importance worldwide; however, it is severely affected by several types of infectious diseases, mainly viral and bacterial. However, the massive losses reported in recent years are generally related to bacterial infections in particular, early mortality syndrome (EMS) and more recently related to acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND). To ensure the sustainability of the shrimp industry, productivity must be improved in particular by the use of efficient probiotic bacteria consortia for the prevention of bacterial diseases. Two consortia of probiotic bacteria (commercial consortia and CA consortium) were evaluated in in vitro tests and in post-larvae production tanks of L. vannamei shrimp, where the subsequent determination of the degree of inhibition of the quorum sensing of pathogenic bacteria was carried out. By the quenching quorum of probiotic bacteria and parallel to the survival analysis. As a result, the CA consortium showed the greatest degree of inhibition of in vitro quorum sensing in parallel to the higher survival rates in shrimp post-larval production tanks. The best probiotic effect in post-larvae of L. vannamei resulted in the CA consortia treatments, as the best suppressors in the presence of vibrios in the bacteriological culture as well as higher survival rates in post-larvae shrimp production tanks Keywords: Litopenaeus vannamei; quorum sensing; quorum quenching; pathogenic bacteria; probiotic bacteria.

scholarly journals Assessment of Gingival Fibroblast Attachment to Root Surfaces Restored with Three Different Dental Materials: An in Vitro Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Reza Amid ◽  
Maryam Torshabi ◽  
Kasra Tabari ◽  
Mahdi Kadkhodazadeh ◽  
Sarah Eslami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Resin ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Gingival Fibroblast ◽  
Cell Culture Study ◽  
Cem Cement ◽  
Significant Difference

Background and aims. The aim of this study was to compare the biocompatibility of calcium-enriched mixture cement (CEM), composite resin and nano-particled mineral trioxide aggregate (NP-MTA) using human gingival fibroblasts. Materials and methods. A comparative in vitro cell culture study was carried out using 60 single-rooted teeth which were assigned to the following four groups: 1) untreated healthy group (control); 2) restored with composite resin; 3) CEM cement; 4) NP-MTA. The MTT assay was used to measure the viability of fibroblasts attached to each specimen and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for describing cell morphology. Results. After 24 hours of incubation, the survival rates for composite resin and NP-MTA were 74.1% and 76.9%, respectively, which were significantly lower than the value in the control group, while both were equally biocompatible. No statistically significant difference was found between the control group and CEM cement samples (94.3%). After 3 days of incubation, some increases in the viability of fibroblasts were detected in the composite resin and NP-MTA groups, with their survival rates being 89% and 93%, respectively. Conversely, in the CEM cement group, the survival rate decreased to 80.7%, which was significantly lower than that in the control group (P = 0.0001). Conclusion. The results of in vitro tests indicated that on days 1, 3 and 5 after incubation, composite resin, CEM cement and NP-MTA exhibited acceptable biocompatibility, provided they were allowed to set for 24 hours before exposure to the cells.

scholarly journals Size-Selected Graphene Oxide Loaded with Photosensitizer (TMPyP) for Targeting Photodynamic Therapy In Vitro

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateřina Bartoň Tománková ◽  
Ariana Opletalová ◽  
Kateřina Poláková ◽  
Sergii Kalytchuk ◽  
Jana Jiravová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Electrostatic Force ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Negative Surface ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Vitro Effect

Targeted therapies of various diseases are nowadays widely studied in many biomedical fields. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) represents a modern treatment of cancer using a locally activated light. TMPyP is an efficient synthetic water-soluble photosensitizer (PS), yet with poor absorption in the visible and the red regions. In this work, we prepared size-selected and colloidally stable graphene oxide (GO) that is appropriate for biomedical use. Thanks to the negative surface charge of GO, TMPyP was easily linked in order to create conjugates of GO/TMPyP by electrostatic force. Due to the strong ionic interactions, charge transfers between GO and TMPyP occur, as comprehensively investigated by steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Biocompatibility and an in vitro effect of GO/TMPyP were confirmed by a battery of in vitro tests including MTT, comet assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and monitoring the cellular uptake. PDT efficiency of GO/TMPyP was tested using 414 and 740 nm photoexcitation. Our newly prepared nanotherapeutics showed a higher PDT effect than in free TMPyP, and is promising for targeted therapy using clinically favorable conditions.

Ultrastructural Changes in Three Different Mammalian Cells Following Ultraviolet Laser Irradiation

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 350-351
Author(s):  
K. Shankar Narayan ◽  
Kailash C. Gupta ◽  
Tohru Okigaki
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Ultraviolet Laser

The biological effects of short-wave ultraviolet light has generally been described in terms of changes in cell growth or survival rates and production of chromosomal aberrations. Ultrastructural changes following exposure of cells to ultraviolet light, particularly at 265 nm, have not been reported.We have developed a means of irradiating populations of cells grown in vitro to a monochromatic ultraviolet laser beam at a wavelength of 265 nm based on the method of Johnson. The cell types studies were: i) WI-38, a human diploid fibroblast; ii) CMP, a human adenocarcinoma cell line; and iii) Don C-II, a Chinese hamster fibroblast cell strain. The cells were exposed either in situ or in suspension to the ultraviolet laser (UVL) beam. Irradiated cell populations were studied either "immediately" or following growth for 1-8 days after irradiation.Differential sensitivity, as measured by survival rates were observed in the three cell types studied. Pattern of ultrastructural changes were also different in the three cell types.

Anti-Diabetic Activity of a Mineraloid Isolate, in vitro and in Genetically Diabetic Mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Deneau ◽  
Taufeeq Ahmed ◽  
Roger Blotsky ◽  
Krzysztof Bojanowski
Keyword(s):  
Dna Microarrays ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Diabetic Animal ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Fossil Material ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Enhanced Expression ◽  
Genetically Diabetic Mice

Type II diabetes is a metabolic disease mediated through multiple molecular pathways. Here, we report anti-diabetic effect of a standardized isolate from a fossil material - a mineraloid leonardite - in in vitro tests and in genetically diabetic mice. The mineraloid isolate stimulated mitochondrial metabolism in human fibroblasts and this stimulation correlated with enhanced expression of genes coding for mitochondrial proteins such as ATP synthases and ribosomal protein precursors, as measured by DNA microarrays. In the diabetic animal model, consumption of the Totala isolate resulted in decreased weight gain, blood glucose, and glycated hemoglobin. To our best knowledge, this is the first description ever of a fossil material having anti-diabetic activity in pre-clinical models.

Comparison of High Purity Factor IX Concentrates and a Prothrombin Complex Concentrate in a Canine Model of Thrombogenicity

1991 ◽  
Vol 66 (05) ◽  
pp. 609-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
I R MacGregor ◽  
J M Ferguson ◽  
L F McLaughlin ◽  
T Burnouf ◽  
C V Prowse
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Prothrombin Complex Concentrate ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Canine Model ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Albumin Infusion

SummaryA non-stasis canine model of thrombogenicity has been used to evaluate batches of high purity factor IX concentrates from 4 manufacturers and a conventional prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC). Platelets, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen, fibrin(ogen) degradation products and fibrinopeptide A (FPA) were monitored before and after infusion of concentrate. Changes in FPA were found to be the most sensitive and reproducible indicator of thrombogenicity after infusion of batches of the PCC at doses of between 60 and 180 IU/kg, with a dose related delayed increase in FPA occurring. Total FPA generated after 100-120 IU/kg of 3 batches of PCC over the 3 h time course was 9-12 times that generated after albumin infusion. In contrast the amounts of FPA generated after 200 IU/kg of the 4 high purity factor IX products were in all cases similar to albumin infusion. It was noted that some batches of high purity concentrates had short NAPTTs indicating that current in vitro tests for potential thrombogenicity may be misleading in predicting the effects of these concentrates in vivo.

A Comparison of the in Vitro and in Vivo Thrombogenic Activity of Factor IX Concentrates Using Stasis (Wessler) and Non-Stasis Rabbit Models

1980 ◽  
Vol 44 (02) ◽  
pp. 081-086 ◽  
Author(s):  
C V Prowse ◽  
A E Williams
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Low Activity

SummaryThe thrombogenic effects of selected factor IX concentrates were evaluated in two rabbit models; the Wessler stasis model and a novel non-stasis model. Concentrates active in either the NAPTT or TGt50 in vitro tests of potential thrombogenicity, or both, caused thrombus formation in the Wessler technique and activation of the coagulation system in the non-stasis model. A concentrate with low activity in both in vitro tests did not have thrombogenic effects in vivo, at the chosen dose. Results in the non-stasis model suggested that the thrombogenic effects of factor IX concentrates may occur by at least two mechanisms. A concentrate prepared from platelet-rich plasma and a pyrogenic concentrate were also tested and found to have no thrombogenic effect in vivo.These studies justify the use of the NAPTT and TGt50 in vitro tests for the screening of factor IX concentrates prior to clinical use.

In Vitro Thrombogenicity Tests of Factor IX Concentrates

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (05) ◽  
pp. 1355-1367 ◽  
Author(s):  
C V Prowse ◽  
A Chirnside ◽  
R A Elton
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Generation Time ◽  
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Factor Viii Inhibitor ◽  
Factor Ixa ◽  
Viii Inhibitor

SummaryVarious factor IX concentrates have been examined in a number of in vitro tests of thrombogenicity. The results suggest that some tests are superfluous as in concentrates with activity in any of these tests activation is revealed by a combination of the non-activated partial thromboplastin time, the thrombin (or Xa) generation time and factor VIII inhibitor bypassing activity tests. Assay of individual coagulant enzymes revealed that most concentrates contained more factor IXa than Xa. However only a small number of concentrates, chiefly those that had been purposefully activated, contained appreciable amounts of either enzyme.

Inhibition of Fibrinolysis and Fibrinogenolysis in Man: Comparison of ε-Aminocaproic Acid and Kallikrein Inhibitor

1963 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 106-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Beck ◽  
R Schmutzler ◽  
F Duckert ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Aminocaproic Acid ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Strong Inhibitor ◽  
Kallikrein Inhibitor ◽  
Therapeutic Possibilities

SummaryInhibitor of kallikrein and trypsin (KI) extracted from bovine parotis was compared with ε-aminocaproic acid (EACA): both substances inhibit fibrinolysis induced with streptokinase. EACA is a strong inhibitor of fibrinolysis in concentrations higher than 0, 1 mg per ml plasma. The same amount and higher concentrations are not able to inhibit completely the proteolytic-side reactions of fibrinolysis (fibrinogenolysis, diminution of factor V, rise of fibrin-polymerization-inhibitors). KI inhibits well proteolysis of plasma components in concentrations higher than 2,5 units per ml plasma. Much higher amounts of KI are needed to inhibit fibrinolysis as demonstrated by our in vivo and in vitro tests.Combination of the two substances for clinical use is suggested. Therapeutic possibilities are discussed.

Fruit Volatiles to Control Postharvest Rot of Stone Fruits and Pears

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 469a-469
Author(s):  
L.J. Skog ◽  
D.P. Murr ◽  
B.E. Digweed
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Isoamyl Acetate ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
In Situ Tests ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Postharvest Rot

Volatile compounds are ubiquitous in plants, giving fruits their characteristic aroma and flavor. There is increasing evidence that these compounds can protect plants from pathogenic organisms. In this trial ≈25 volatile compounds were tested for efficacy against Monilinia fructicola and Penicillium expansum. Both in vitro tests on agar plugs of actively growing pathogens and in situ tests on inoculated stone fruits and pears were conducted. The volatile compounds were grouped into three categories based upon fungicidal activity in vitro: highly effective (fungicidal concentration ≤100 M), moderately effective (fungicidal concentration between 100–200 M) and ineffective (fungicidal concentration >200 M). Highly effective compounds included: acetaldehyde, citral, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, 2,exadienal, E-2-hexenal, 4-hexen-3-one, linalool, (E,E)2,4-nonadienal, E-2-nonenal, E-3-none-2-one, salicylaldehyde, and valeraldehyde. Moderately effective compounds included: (E,Z) 2,6-nonadienal, propionaldehyde, terpinene, butyl acetate, E-cinnamaldehde, hexanal, E-2-hexen-1-ol, Z-3-hexen-1-ol and isoamyl acetate. Ineffective compounds included: butyrolactone, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and methyl acetate. Effectiveness of the compounds varied with both strain and type of microorganism tested. Concentraions required for effective control were much higher when the compounds were tested on inoculated fruit. Phytotoxicity was a problem with some compounds.

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