SOME FACTORS IN APOTHECIUM PRODUCTION OF CIBORIA ACERINA IN DARKNESS AND LIGHT

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 641-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Mature Fruit ◽  
Temperature Range

Many conditions affect the production of mature apothecia of Ciboria acerina in culture. In this investigation four factors were studied: age of isolate, temperature at which the cultures were grown, host from which the cultures were isolated, and the absence or presence of light. It was found that no apothecia were produced when the isolate was more than 18 months old. The temperature at which the stroma of C. acerina developed was significant in apothecium production. Stroma grown at 14 °C produced apothecia while stroma grown at 5 °C did not. However, apothecia matured over a temperature range of 5–22 °C. Apothecia were produced in cultures isolated from Acer, Alnus, and Populus. The quality of light received did not affect apothecium production. The absence of light at all stages of the growth of this fungus from the time of inoculation to the appearance of mature fruit bodies was not a limiting factor. Mature apothecia of Ciboria acerina were formed under artificial conditions in darkness.

Thermoanalytical Methods in Vulcanizate Analysis II. Derivative Thermogravimetric Analysis

1975 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Brazier ◽  
G. H. Nickel
Keyword(s):  
Preceding Paper ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Inorganic Pigments ◽  
Thermal Stabilities ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Exothermic Reactions ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Black Oil ◽  
Scan Rate ◽  
Tg And Dtg

Abstract We have shown in this and the preceding paper that fully compounded stocks can be analyzed for all main constituents by use of a combination of DSC, TG, and DTG. Further, this can be achieved on a time scale consistent with routine quality control. DSC gives information on cure characteristics, sulfur, and accelerator levels in approximately five minutes. Elastomer, elastomer ratio, carbon black, oil/plasticizer, and inorganic pigments are determined in about 35 minutes by TG/DTG, at a scan rate of 10°C/min. This time can be reduced by increasing the scan rate, but interference from highly exothermic reactions can be a limiting factor. Each compound must be treated individually to determine the maximum scan rate that can be used without impairing reproducibility. Clearly limitations exist for identification of unknown blends by DTG. The main problem is that many commercial elastomers have very similar thermal stabilities, which results in DTG peaks in the same temperature range. Further work is being undertaken with the DTG—gas chromatography interface to identify not only the pyrolysis products, but the temperature range over which they are evolved. In this manner, the DTG acts essentially as a thermal fraetionation unit and GC analysis of products from a given component in a blend can be achieved.

Assessment of Environmental Quality of Soil Fertilized Grapefruit Trees with Municipal Sewage Sludge

2013 ◽  
Vol 671-674 ◽  
pp. 2736-2741
Author(s):  
Yin An Ming ◽  
Tao Tao
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
Limiting Factor

To reuse municipal sewage sludge safely, experiment was carried out on grapefruit trees fertilized with composted sludge from Shiweitou Sewage Treatment Plant in Xiamen City of China, and a method was introduced of how to assess the environmental quality of grapefruit trees soil fertilized with sludge by Set Pair Analysis (SPA) model. The results showed that the soil in the surface layer (0-15cm) and the deeper layer (15-30cm) was less clean, and the environment of soil was not polluted. Thus it was feasible to use sludge as fruit fertilizer. The maximum service life of sludge for continuous land application was estimated by taking Cd as the limiting factor, which would provide scientific guide and technical support for safe land application of sludge.

scholarly journals Influência da vernalização de semente na produção, crescimento e desenvolvimento de plantas de lisianthus

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 2325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Yumbla-Orbes ◽  
José Geraldo Barbosa ◽  
Wagner Campos Otoni ◽  
Marcel Santos Montezano ◽  
José Antônio Saraiva Grossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Commercial Scale ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
And Control

Flowering induction and control is a limiting factor when commercially producing cut flowers of lisianthus and seed exposure to low temperatures, a physiological event called vernalization, induces the differentiation of vegetative buds to reproductive buds, contributing to a flowering that is uniform and has quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of seed vernalization in three cultivars of lisianthus (Excalibur, Echo and Mariachi) for 12, 24, 36 and 48 days at temperatures of 5, 10 and 15°C, in the production and quality of buds, making this technology feasible to large-scale production. During cultivation it was observed that the lower the temperature and higher the vernalization period, the lower the cycle and the greater the number of plants induced to flowering for all three cultivars, and those are important features in the context of flower production in a commercial scale. The seeds subjected to vernalization originated plants that produce flower stems within the standards required by the market, showing that vernalization was efficient to induce flowering without affecting the quality of the buds. To produce lisianthus as a cut flower of quality, it is recommended seed vernalization of Mariachi and Echo cultivars for 24 days at 5°C and Excalibur for 36 days at 5°C.

scholarly journals The Distribution of Mineral Elements and Protein in Soft Rice was Determined and Analyzed by SEM-EDS Technology

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
Bo Peng ◽  
Xiao-Rui Ma ◽  
Wen-Ting Cui ◽  
Xia-Yu Tian ◽  
Chao Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amylose Content ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Depth Analysis

Soft rice is a kind of high-quality rice between glutinous rice and sticky rice. It has low amylose content, crystal clear grains, sweet taste, soft glutinous, and is suitable for cooking and porridge. Chalkiness in soft rice is a white opaque part formed by loose endosperm. It is an important character that affects the appearance quality, processing, and cooking quality of rice, and also an important limiting factor that restricts the standard rate of high-quality rice in China. The combination of scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS) can be used for in-depth analysis of rice, visualization, and quantitative analysis of element distribution in rice. The results showed that there were many kinds of mineral elements in soft rice seeds, among which C and O were the most abundant, followed by N and P, and Mg, Al, P, S, K, Ca, Mn, and Zn were less. The contents of C, N, P, and S in the non-chalky area were significantly higher than those in the chalky area. Especially N and S were the best indicators of protein, and the contents in the chalky area were higher than those in the non-chalky area. It means that the protein content in the chalky part of soft rice seed is less than that in the non-chalky part, which affects the nutritional quality of soft rice. Therefore, the results of this study laid a solid foundation for the in-depth analysis of the distribution of mineral elements and protein in soft rice and their effects on the quality of soft rice, which also provided important information for the cultivation of new high-quality rice varieties in the future.

scholarly journals Kontribusi Kepala Sekolah Sebagai Manajer untuk Meningkatkan Mutu Pendidikan Di MTs Negeri Kanigoro Kras Kediri

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-93
Author(s):  
Makhromi Makhromi ◽  
Mahbub Budiono
Keyword(s):  
National Curriculum ◽  
Quality Education ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Curriculum Management ◽  
Teacher Competency ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Geographical Locations

The principal plays an important role in providing education in the school and is responsible for the management of education in the school. Efforts to improve the quality of education is a strategic stage in the effort to realize quality education. This study aims to describe how the principal, supporting and inhibiting factors, and the principal as a manager to improve the quality of education in MTs N Kanigoro Kras Kediri. The method used in this study is qualitative and data collection techniques in this study, namely: 1) observation, 2) interviews, 3) documentation. It was found: 1) In the management arrangements implemented by MTsN head Kanigoro Kras Kediri based on national curriculum and curriculum management as well as the results of MGMP teacher subject clusters. 2) Supporting factors for improving the quality of education in MTsN Kanigoro Kras Kediri are geographical locations that are far from coordination, shady and far from the air, teacher competency in accordance with the standards that were passed. While the limiting factor is lack of funds and infrastructure. 3) The principal's contribution to improving the quality of education in MTs N Kanigoro Kras Kediri improves the quality of teachers and students, by completing the academic year 2011/2012 students have obtained 100% and has supported increasing as much as 99.8% of students to improve to higher education. Kepala sekolah memainkan peran penting dalam memberikan pendidikan di sekolah dan bertanggung jawab atas manajemen pendidikan di sekolah. Upaya peningkatan kualitas pendidikan merupakan titik strategis dalam upaya mewujudkan pendidikan yang berkualitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan bagaimana manajemen kepala sekolah, faktor pendukung dan penghambat, serta kontribusi kepala sekolah sebagai manajer untuk meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan di MTsN Kanigoro Kras Kediri. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dan teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini, yaitu: 1) observasi, 2) wawancara, 3) dokumentasi. Ditemukan bahwa: 1) Dalam pengaturan manajemen yang diterapkan oleh kepala MTsN Kanigoro Kras Kediri didasarkan pada manajemen kurikulum dan kurikulum nasional serta hasil dari kluster mata pelajaran guru MGMP. 2) Faktor pendukung untuk meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan di MTsN Kanigoro Kras Kediri adalah lokasi geografis yang jauh dari kebisingan, suasana teduh dan jauh dari polusi air, kompetensi guru sesuai dengan standar yang disyaratkan. Sedangkan faktor penghambatnya adalah kurangnya dana dan infrastruktur. 3) Kontribusi kepala sekolah sebagai manajer untuk meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan di MTsN Kanigoro Kras Kediri meningkat dalam kualitas guru dan siswa, dengan bukti pada tahun akademik 2011/2012 siswa telah lulus 100% dan telah mampu mendorong sebanyak mungkin sebagai 99,8% siswa untuk melanjutkan ke pendidikan tinggi.

Geospatial Suitability Indices Toolbox (GSI Toolbox)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Saltus ◽  
Todd Swannack ◽  
S. McKay
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Suitability ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Weighted Arithmetic ◽  
Suitability Index ◽  
Multiple Parameter ◽  
Spatially Distributed

Habitat suitability models are widely adopted in ecosystem management and restoration, where these index models are used to assess environmental impacts and benefits based on the quantity and quality of a given habitat. Many spatially distributed ecological processes require application of suitability models within a geographic information system (GIS). Here, we present a geospatial toolbox for assessing habitat suitability. The Geospatial Suitability Indices (GSI) toolbox was developed in ArcGIS Pro 2.7 using the Python® 3.7 programming language and is available for use on the local desktop in the Windows 10 environment. Two main tools comprise the GSI toolbox. First, the Suitability Index Calculator tool uses thematic or continuous geospatial raster layers to calculate parameter suitability indices based on user-specified habitat relationships. Second, the Overall Suitability Index Calculator combines multiple parameter suitability indices into one overarching index using one or more options, including: arithmetic mean, weighted arithmetic mean, geometric mean, and minimum limiting factor. The resultant output is a raster layer representing habitat suitability values from 0.0 to 1.0, where zero is unsuitable habitat and one is ideal suitability. This report documents the model purpose and development as well as provides a user’s guide for the GSI toolbox.

Effect of time of harvest on alternate cropping yields and fruit quality of Valencia orange trees

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (92) ◽  
pp. 461 ◽  
Author(s):  
PT Gallasch
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Mature Fruit ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Valencia Orange ◽  
The Common ◽  
Orange Trees ◽  
Early Harvest ◽  
Time Of Harvest

At Loxton, South Australia, early harvest of heavy, and late harvest of light, Valencia orange crops was compared with the common practice: early harvest of light and late harvest of heavy crops. These treatments were compared with two years of early, mid- or late season harvests. Early harvest of heavy and late harvest of light crops changed the 3.1:1.0 alternate cropping cycle to 1.1:10 and increased the light crop by 101 per cent compared with the common district practice which gave a 3.2 : 10 cycle. Consistent early and mid-season harvests reduced the alternate cropping ratio to 1.3 : 1.0 and 1.4 : 1.0 respectively, produced 14 per cent more fruit than the common district practice and avoided harvesting the light crop late, when fruit quality is poor. Mature fruit weights from trees consistently harvested late were 27 per cent lower than those trees harvested mid-season.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE STUDY OF VARIETAL DIFFERENCES IN THE MALTING QUALITY OF BARLEY. PART IV

1939 ◽  
Vol 17c (3) ◽  
pp. 57-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry R. Sallans ◽  
J. Ansel Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Differential Effect ◽  
Malting Quality ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Standard Variety ◽  
Real Difference ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Reasonable Range ◽  
Diastatic Activity ◽  
The Mean

An investigation was undertaken to compare the relative magnitudes of the differential effects of environment (i.e., stations) and of malting methods on the malting quality of barley varieties. Samples of Olli, O.A.C. 21, Hannchen, and Regal from four stations were malted by eight methods representing the combinations of germinating at 50° and 56° F., at 42 and 46% moisture, and for six and nine days.Statistical analyses showed that, with respect to diastatic activity, wort nitrogen, and extract yield, the variations due to the differential effect of environment on varieties were greater than the variations due to the differential effect of malting methods on varieties. As a result of this study and earlier ones, it appears that the former effect is the limiting factor in studies of the comparative malting qualities of varieties. The latter effect is of less importance but must be kept in mind if errors in the interpretation of the results of routine tests are to be avoided. In general, it appears that if routine tests show that the mean values for any variety, when grown at 12 stations representing a reasonable range of environment, differ from the values for the standard variety by more than 1% in extract, or 10% in diastatic activity or wort nitrogen, a real difference exists between the varieties, which cannot be overcome by any reasonable change in malting conditions.

scholarly journals Response of Switchgrass Grown for Forage and Bioethanol to Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium on Semiarid Marginal Land

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1147
Author(s):  
Chao-Chen Tang ◽  
Li-Pu Han ◽  
Guang-Hui Xie
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ethanol Yield ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Marginal Land ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Bioenergy Feedstock

A two-year nutrient omission trial was conducted on semiarid wasteland to determine the effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) on the chemical composition and theoretical ethanol yield (TEY) of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). The fertilizer treatments were the following: NPK, PK, NK, NP, and no nutrient inputs (CK). Results indicated that the crude protein (CP) content and protein yield of switchgrass aboveground biomass decreased significantly in the PK treatment (N omission) and the CK, compared with the NPK treatment. The omission of N, P, or K did not significantly affect the other feed and energy quality indicators. When averaged across the two years, the neutral- and acid-detergent fiber contents were lower in the NPK and NP treatments, but the CP, dry matter digestibility, dry matter intake, total digestible nutrients, net energy for lactation, and relative feed value were higher, indicating that the suitable application with combination of N and P was helpful to improve the forage quality of switchgrass. In PK and CK treatments, the contents of soluble sugar, cellulose, and hemicellulose were higher but that of ash was lower than that in other three treatments, indicating that no N application meant better quality of switchgrass aboveground biomass for bioethanol production. The TEY at NPK was 2532 L ha−1 in 2015 and 2797 L ha−1 in 2016; in particular, the TEY decreased significantly by 15.1% in PK, 14.7% in NK, 10.5% in NP, and 29.9% in CK in 2016. To conclude, N was the most limiting factor in switchgrass productivity and the combined N, P, and K nutrient supply management strategy is recommended based on the consideration of quality and quantity of switchgrass as forage and bioenergy feedstock on semiarid marginal land.

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