EFFECT OF BENZOIC ACID AND ITS DERIVATIVES ON PLANT METABOLISM: 8. EFFECT OF CHLOROBENZOIC ACID DERIVATIVES ON THE NITROGEN METABOLISM OF STARVED AND SUCROSE-FED ETIOLATED BARLEY LEAVES

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Naguib
Keyword(s):  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Plant Metabolism ◽  
Sucrose Uptake ◽  
Amide Nitrogen ◽  
Chlorobenzoic Acid ◽  
Chlorobenzoic Acids ◽  
Barley Leaves ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Six-day-old etiolated barley leaves were kept for 24 hours in culture media containing different concentrations of o-, m-, and p-chlorobenzoic acids, in presence or absence of sucrose. CO2 output and sucrose uptake were markedly depressed while the nitrogen excretion was enhanced in presence of 0.01 M concentration of these substances. The three derivatives caused the hydrolysis of a part of the amide nitrogen to ammonia and (or) the proteins to peptides depending on the concentrations of the chemical and position of substitution. The possible explanations of the observed facts are discussed.

EFFECT OF BENZOIC ACID AND ITS DERIVATIVES ON PLANT METABOLISM: 6- EFFECT OF CHLOROBENZOIC ACID DERIVATIVES ON THE CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM OF STARVED AND SUCROSE-FED ETIOLATED BARLEY LEAVES

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 939-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Naguib
Keyword(s):  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Sucrose Uptake ◽  
Previous Suggestion ◽  
Chlorobenzoic Acid ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Chlorobenzoic Acids ◽  
Barley Leaves ◽  
Reducing Substances ◽  
Control Samples

The effects of chlorobenzoic acids on respiration, sucrose absorption, and carbohydrate metabolism of etiolated barley leaves were studied. The results showed that respiration was retarded to the same extent irrespective of position of substitution, in the presence of these substances; inhibition was more pronounced at higher concentrations of chlorobenzoic acids. At low concentrations, o-chlorobenzoic acid enhanced sucrose uptake and p-chlorobenzoic inhibited uptake while at higher concentrations, both compounds inhibited sucrose uptake by etiolated barley leaves.Tissue analysis for carbohydrates showed a decrease in all carbohydrate fractions of treated leaves compared to the control samples. Even the sucrose-fed treated samples showed a carbohydrate content similar to that of the samples starving in distilled water in spite of the variable amounts of sugars absorbed by such samples.These observations, together with excretion of some copper-reducing substances that disappeared after clearing, support the previous suggestion (4) that the tissue carbohydrates were mostly transformed to non-sugar substances that might have been excreted as a result of increased permeability in the presence of the chlorobenzoic acids. This suggestion, together with the possibility of deactivation of the respiratory dehydrogenases, may explain the reduced rates of respiration of the treated samples.

scholarly journals Unexpected Resistance to Base-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Nitrogen Pyramidal Amides Based on the 7-Azabicyclic[2.2.1]heptane Scaffold

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 2363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Ocampo Gutiérrez de Velasco ◽  
Aoze Su ◽  
Luhan Zhai ◽  
Satowa Kinoshita ◽  
Yuko Otani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Atom ◽  
Amide Bond ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Amide Nitrogen ◽  
Bond Rotation ◽  
Entropy Term ◽  
And Inversion ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Amide Nitrogen Atom

Non-planar amides are usually transitional structures, that are involved in amide bond rotation and inversion of the nitrogen atom, but some ground-minimum non-planar amides have been reported. Non-planar amides are generally sensitive to water or other nucleophiles, so that the amide bond is readily cleaved. In this article, we examine the reactivity profile of the base-catalyzed hydrolysis of 7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane amides, which show pyramidalization of the amide nitrogen atom, and we compare the kinetics of the base-catalyzed hydrolysis of the benzamides of 7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane and related monocyclic compounds. Unexpectedly, non-planar amides based on the 7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane scaffold were found to be resistant to base-catalyzed hydrolysis. The calculated Gibbs free energies were consistent with this experimental finding. The contribution of thermal corrections (entropy term, –TΔS‡) was large; the entropy term (ΔS‡) took a large negative value, indicating significant order in the transition structure, which includes solvating water molecules.

Synthesis, structure and fluorescence of Er(III) complexes with benzoic acid and 4-chlorobenzoic acid

2016 ◽  
Vol 446 ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobing Luo ◽  
Jun Shen ◽  
Xiaoqi Zhao ◽  
Zhiliang Wang ◽  
Bing Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Chlorobenzoic Acid

Production of metabolites from chlorobiphenyls by resting cells ofPseudomonasstrain LB400 after growth on different carbon sources

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
K A Billingsley ◽  
S M Backus ◽  
O P Ward
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Resting Cells ◽  
Metabolite Formation ◽  
Chlorobenzoic Acid ◽  
Metabolite Production ◽  
Pcb Congeners ◽  
Chlorobenzoic Acids ◽  
General Order

Cells of Pseudomonas strain LB400, grown on biphenyl, glucose, or glycerol, transformed polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners into chlorobenzoic acid (CBA) metabolites. Transformation of the PCB congeners, 2,3-chlorobiphenyl (CBP), 2,2'-CBP, 2,5,4'-CBP, and 2,4,2',4'-CBP, produced the metabolites, 2,3-CBA, 2-CBA, 4-CBA, and 2,4-CBA, respectively. Rates and extents of PCB transformation and metabolite formation were highest with biphenyl-grown cells. Intermediate rates of metabolite production were observed with glycerol-grown cells, and lowest rates of production were found with glucose-grown cells. Regardless of carbon source, the rate of degradation of congeners was faster than the rate of production of CBAs. Relative rates of PCB transformation and metabolite production from different congeners with cells grown on a particular substrate followed the same general order, 2,3-CBA (from 2,3-CBP) > 2-CBA (from 2,2'-CBP) > 4-CBA (from 2,5,4'-CBP) > 2,4-CBA (from 2,4,2',4'-CBP). Pseudomonas strain LB400 appeared unable to grow on any of the chlorobenzoic acids. However, Pseudomonas strain LB400 cells grown on biphenyl appeared capable of degrading 2-CBA and 2,3-CBA but not 4-CBA nor 2,4-CBA. Cells grown on glycerol appeared unable to metabolize any CBAs.Key words: polychlorinated biphenyls, metabolites, Pseudomonas LB400.

Effects of benzoic acid and inulin on ammonia–nitrogen excretion, plasma urea levels, and the pH in faeces and urine of weaner pigs

2010 ◽  
Vol 134 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 243-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danka Halas ◽  
Christian Fink Hansen ◽  
David J. Hampson ◽  
Jae-Cheol Kim ◽  
Bruce P. Mullan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Weaner Pigs

Micellar Catalysis of Organic Reactions. XVII. Hydrolysis of Nitrazepam and Some N-Alkylated Derivatives

1985 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
TJ Broxton ◽  
SR Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Nitrogen Atom ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Initial Attack ◽  
Amide Nitrogen ◽  
High Acid ◽  
Alkyl Derivatives ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Amide Nitrogen Atom

Product studies for the acid catalysed hydrolysis of nitrazepam and some N-alkyl derivatives in the presence of micelles of sodium dodecyl sulfate ( sds ) have been carried out by a U.V. spectrophotometric technique. Attack of water at C2 leading to initial amide cleavage is favoured by high acid concentrations, by micelles of sds and by small R groups attached to the amide nitrogen atom. For nitrazepam, a change of mechanism from water attack at C5 (leading to initial azomethine cleavage) to water attack at C2 (leading to initial amide cleavage) was observed on transfer from water to micelles of sds . For N-benzyl nitrazepam (1d), however, no change of mechanism was detected. Initial attack of water occurred at C5 (leading to initial azomethine cleavage), both in aqueous solution and in micelles of sds.

The Schmidt reaction of anthraquinones

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 624-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecily A. Flemming ◽  
Sham S. Gandhi ◽  
Martin S. Gibson ◽  
Edward H. Ruediger
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Sodium Azide ◽  
Schmidt Reaction ◽  
Direct Treatment ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Schmidt reaction (sodium azide/sulfuric acid) of 1,5- and of 1,8-dichloroanthraquinones gives, in each case, both of the theoretically possible lactams (2,3,5,6-dibenzoazepin-4,7-diones). Two of the four theoretically possible lactams have been identified from Schmidt reaction of 1- and 2-chloroanthraquinones respectively. Methods used include: (a) preferential hydrolysis of one lactam and identification of the isomeric aminoanthraquinone formed on cyclodehydration of the resulting amino acid; (b) identification of the isomeric aminoanthraquinone(s) formed on direct treatment of a lactam (or mixture of lactams) by sulfuric acid; (c) cleavage by potassium tert-butoxide of the amino acid formed by preferential hydrolysis of one lactam and identification of the resulting benzoic acid as its methyl ester.

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