THE SMUTS OF THE GENUS CINTRACTIA PARASITING KOBRESIA SPECIES

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilkka Kukkonen
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Short Account ◽  
Host Genus ◽  
The Third

In this paper the modern concept of infection by species of Cintractia is briefly discussed. Three species are treated, two of which, C. elynae Sydow and C. kobresiae Mundkur, are redescribed, and the third is recognized as new, C. lindebergiae n. sp. The spore germination of C. elynae is described and illustrated. A short account of the host genus Kobresia is given with special reference to the species attacked by the above smuts.

The Textual Tradition of Livy 21–25

1958 ◽  
Vol 8 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 161-164
Author(s):  
T.A Dorey
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
The Third ◽  
Textual Tradition

The purpose of this article is to re-examine the more important extant manuscripts of Livy 21–25 with special reference to omissions and significant errors, and on this basis to try to establish their interrelationship in stemmatic form. A stemma for Books 26–30 has already been drawn up by Professor S. K. Johnson in O.C.T. vol. iv, but, since the tradition for those five books is slightly different from that of the first half of the third decade, it has seemed worth while to draw up a stemma for Books 21–25 independently. The manuscripts to be considered, and the sigla to be employed, are as follows:

Imperial Monetary Policy and Social Reaction in Third Century Rome

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Kallmes
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
The Third ◽  
Social Reaction

Abstract In the third century AD, under the pressure of plagues, external invasion, rising army costs, and usurpation, the Roman emperors incrementally debased the silver coinage that was produced at their imperial mints and incrementally took over civic mints. The debasement, from 2.7 g of silver to 0.04 g of silver in the equivalent of a denarius from 160–274 ad, was accompanied by worries from emperors, mint-workers, and bankers about the value of the currency; however, the total loss of purchasing power of the Roman coinage from the same era was 50–70 %, far less than would be expected from the change in metallic content, if it were the primary source of value. The currency reform of Aurelian in 274 ad, despite raising metallic values of coins, was followed by at least a 90 % reduction in the purchasing power of the silver coinage from 274–301 ad, the year of Diocletian’s Edict on Maximum Prices, showing a paradoxically inverse relationship between metallic value and purchasing power. Based on this quandary, I argue that the Roman silver coinage of the third century CE became a fiat currency in some respects, deriving its guarantee from imperial iconography and assurances rather than from bullion value. The fiat nature of the silver coinage was largely present in usage as a medium of exchange for those without as much long-term interest in maintaining liquid stores of value; this is indicated by the differential debasement of the denarius and aureus; imperial actions and hoarding practices indicate the extent to which the currency was accepted at nominal value. I examine the reactions of different social groups in order to determine the perceived value of the Roman coinage during this time, and in order to understand the paradoxical collapse in the currency’s value in the late third century. To demonstrate this, I will present the applicable elements of the modern concept of “fiat” to this context through portrayal of emperors and usurpers on coins, use coin hoard data to determine the effect of Gresham’s Law, and examine historical and papyrological accounts of currency reforms. I will also use evidence of the expansion of taxes in kind and the rejection of nominal value by both emperor and subjects to argue that the inflation following Aurelian’s reform resulted from an invalidation of the trust in imperial fiat.

The taxonomy of the order Isochrysidales (Prymnesiophyceae) with special reference to the genera Isochrysis Parke, Dicrateria Parke and Imantonia Reynolds

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Green ◽  
R. N. Pienaar
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
New Class ◽  
The Third ◽  
Unique Structure ◽  
The Family ◽  
Unique Status

The order Isochrysidales was erected by Pascher in 1910 to accommodate chrysomonads with two equal flagella. It was based on the family Hymenomonadaceae (Senn, 1900) and included such genera as Synura Ehrenberg (later shown to be heterokont and therefore incorrectly placed here; Hovasse, 1949; Manton, 1955), Wyssotzkia Lemmermann and Hymenomonas Stein. Papenfuss (1955) used the name in a similar sense but encompassing also the coccolithophorids, while those genera with two equal flagella and a ‘short third flagellum’ ((Prymnesium Massart, Platychrysis N. Carter, Chrysochromulina Lackey) were placed in the order Prymnesiales. Subsequently it was demonstrated that members of the Isochrysidales and Prymnesiales differ from other chrysomonads in that the two true flag-ella are smooth with no coarse hairs (‘mastigonemes’) and that the third appendage found in genera of the latter order is a unique structure, termed the ‘haptonema’ by Parke, Manton & Clarke (1955). On the basis of these observations, Christensen (1962) erected a new class, the Haptophyceae (now referred to by the typified name Prymnesiophyceae; Hibberd, 1976 a), to contain the two orders although Bourrelly (1968) preferred to retain them within the Chrysophyceae whilst recognizing their unique status by the erection of a sub-class, the Isochrysophycidae.

How to Deal with Inequality: What Policymakers Should Know

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 11-24
Author(s):  
Montek S. Ahluwalia
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Corrective Action ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
Center Stage ◽  
Emerging Market Countries ◽  
Select Group

High and rising levels of inequality have become a hot topic of discussion in both industrialized and developing countries in recent years. In this article, the author focuses on four different aspects. The first section provides a brief commentary on how inequality has moved to the center stage and different elements that drove this process in industrialized and developing countries. The second section presents an assessment of the available data that suggest what has happened to income distribution in a select group of industrialized and developing countries. The third section discusses some of the determinants of income distribution, which we need to understand if we want to reduce the degree of inequality. The fourth section discusses the scope for corrective action in this area with special reference to emerging market countries.

XIV.—The Absorption of Light by Inorganic Salts. No. XI.: Conclusion

1914 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 156-165
Author(s):  
R. A. Houstoun
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Present State ◽  
Light Wave ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
The Body ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Short Account ◽  
Absorption Of Light ◽  
Dispersion Of Light

In this paper a short account will be given of the present state of the theory of the absorption of light, with special reference to the results gained in this series of investigations.Theories of the dispersion of light may be divided into two classes: (1) those in which the body is regarded as consisting of particles which vibrate under the influence of the light wave; and (2) those in which the body is regarded as consisting of obstacles which diffract the light wave. According to (2), light is scattered, not absorbed; a wave going through the body diminishes in intensity, but the energy lost is radiated out laterally without change of wave-length.

The Algebra of Dimension-Linking Operators

1965 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Bruck
Keyword(s):  
Group Theory ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Mathematical Society ◽  
Summer Institute ◽  
Burnside Problem ◽  
The Third ◽  
Australian Mathematical Society ◽  
Suitable Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Restricted Burnside Problem

In the course of preparing a book on group theory [1] with special reference to the Restricted Burnside Problem and allied problems I stumbled upon the concept of a dimension-linking operator. Later, when I lectured to the Third Summer Institute of the Australian Mathematical Society [2], G. E. Wall raised the question whether the dimension-linking operators could be made into a ring by introduction of a suitable definition of multiplication. The answer was easily found to be affirmative; the result wasthat the theory of dimen sion-linking operators became exceedingly simple.

scholarly journals The corpora lutea of the mouse, with special reference to fat accumulation during the œstrous cycle

1930 ◽  
Vol 106 (747) ◽  
pp. 578-595 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Mouse Ovary ◽  
Short Account ◽  
Cellular Degeneration ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Considerable Period

Although the histological literature on the corpus luteum is very extensive, a description of cellular and fat changes in the organ, which distinguishes between the corpora lutea of ovulabion, pseudo-pregnancy, pregnancy, and lactation where these are differentiated, is still lacking for some laboratory animals. In view of experimental work now in progress, it was thought that a short account of the mouse corpus luteum on these lines might be of value. In the absence of pregnancy, old corpora lutea persist for a considerable period in the mouse ovary, and after the initial signs of cellular degeneration, which are not always very obvious, further changes are slow to occur. With suitable histological methods, however, it is possible to distinguish, even after they are fully developed, the corpora lutea belonging to the last one and sometimes two or more oestrous periods.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document