MICROBIAL GROWTH FACTORS IN RELATION TO RESISTANCE OF FLAX VARIETIES TO FUSARIUM WILT

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Lochhead ◽  
F. D. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Related Substances ◽  
Growth Promoting

A comparison was made of growth factor requirements and growth factor synthesizing capacity of bacteria from the root surface and from the seeds of flax varieties resistant and susceptible, respectively, to wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. lini. The percentage of bacteria from both root and seed which required growth-promoting substances was greater with the resistant ('Bison') than with the susceptible ('Novelty') variety. On the other hand bacteria capable of synthesizing growth factors were proportionately more abundant with the susceptible variety. The findings indicate a more pronounced rhizosphere effect exerted by the susceptible than by the resistant variety, and point to circumstances that favor a greater accumulation (or 'turnover') of vitamins and related substances at the root surface of susceptible plants.Two strains of Fusarium oxysporum f. lini capable of inducing wilt required no vitamins for growth; thiamine had a depressing effect. Both strains were able to synthesize various growth factors, though in different degree. Culture filtrates of bacteria from roots of the two varieties of flax showed no difference in their effect on growth of Fusarium; however, bacteria from the resistant variety showed somewhat greater ability to depress Fusarium than those from the susceptible. Though the findings do not constitute evidence of any relationship between differences in growth factor relationships to pathogenic potential of Fusarium, they suggest the value of considering growth-promoting substances in studies of the effect of nutrition on the activity of soil-borne pathogens.

Evidence that thyroid growth promoting activity of immunoglobulin preparations is due to contamination with EGF

1987 ◽  
Vol 116 (1_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S256-S259 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gärtner ◽  
C. Tsavella ◽  
G. Bechtner ◽  
W. Greil
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Egf Receptor ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Thyroid Cell ◽  
Immunoglobulin Preparations ◽  
Receptor Assay ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Growth Promoting

Abstract. Immunoglobulin (IG) preparations may be contaminated with growth factors. Therefore, we investigated whether the growth promoting activity in IG preparations (thyroid growth stimulating immunoglobulins = TGI) from patients with sporadic goitre may be caused by contaminating EGF (epidermal growth factor). EGF in sera as well as in indifferently prepared IG of patients with recurrent goitre (n = 23), Graves' disease (n = 19) and normals (n = 17) was determined by EGF receptor assay. Comparatively, the ability for stimulating thyroid cell growth was determined in these IG preparations (2 mg/ml). EGF in ammoniumsulphate (AS) precipitates was about 2-fold higher than serum EGF. The growth promoting activity of indifferent IG preparations correlated with the EGF content. After additional purification on protein A-sepharose, neither EGF, nor a growth promoting activity was found in these IG preparations. We therefore conclude, that the growth promoting activity of crude IG preparations may be due to a contamination with EGF.

scholarly journals Growth factors are released by mechanically wounded endothelial cells.

1989 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 811-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
P L McNeil ◽  
L Muthukrishnan ◽  
E Warder ◽  
P A D'Amore
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Mechanical Forces ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Transient Plasma

Growth factors may be required at sites of mechanical injury and normal wear and tear in vivo, suggesting that the direct action of mechanical forces on cells could lead to growth factor release. Scraping of cells from the tissue culture substratum at 37 degrees C was used to test this possibility. We show that scraping closely mimics in vitro both the transient plasma membrane wounds observed in cells subject to mechanical forces in vivo (McNeil, P. L., and S. Ito. 1989. Gastroenterology. 96:1238-1248) and the transient plasma membrane wounds shown here to occur in endothelial cells under normal culturing conditions. Scraping of endothelial cells from the culturing substratum released into the culture medium a potent growth-promoting activity for Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts. Growth-promoting activity was released rapidly (within 5 min) after scraping but was not subsequently degraded by the endothelial cells for at least 24 h thereafter. A greater quantity of growth-promoting activity was released by cells scraped 4 h after plating than by those scraped 4 or 7 d afterwards. Thus release is not due to scraping-induced disruption of extracellular matrix. Release was only partially cold inhibitable, was poorly correlated with the level of cell death induced by scraping, and did not occur when cells were killed with metabolic poisons. These results suggest that mechanical disruption of plasma membrane, either transient or permanent, is the essential event leading to release. A basic fibroblast growth factor-like molecule and not platelet-derived growth factor appears to be partially responsible for the growth-promoting activity. We conclude that one biologically relevant route of release of basic fibroblast growth factor, a molecule which lacks the signal peptide sequence for transport into the endoplasmic reticulum, could be directly through mechanically induced membrane disruptions of endothelial cells growing in vivo and in vitro.

Polyamine Modulation by antagonistic bacteria Bacillus subtilis in chickpea during Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri interaction

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Suthar ◽  
R. M. Patel ◽  
D. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Vegetarian Diet ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Induce Resistance ◽  
Pgpr Traits

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is pivotal source of protein for vegetarian diet, however, its productivity is adversely affected by wilt disease. Non pathogenic rhizospheric microorganism’s leads to induce resistance and are found to be effective in management of this disease. The polyamines (PAs) content and its metabolism are the key in plant microbial interaction, so the alteration in PAs viz. spermidine (SPD), spermine (SPM) and putresine (PTR) in chickpea by Bacillus substilis isolate K18 (BS-K18) effective antagonist (75%) of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri (Foc) and having PGPR traits was analyzed under Foc stress. The higher PAs content was reported in resistant variety (WR-315) compared to susceptible variety (JG-62). The PTR was dominant PA present in chickpea, further overall root tissue reported higher PA content as compared to leaves tissue. The PA content was constitutively improved by B. subtilis seed treatment in resistant and susceptible varieties. The Foc stress leads to induction of PA content in leaves and root tissue, where its content was higher in resistant variety as compared to susceptible variety. The BS-K18 seed treatment under Foc stress leads to induction of PA content as compared to both treatments alone, the SPD and SPM were more induced in leaves and root tissue of susceptible variety whereas PTR was more induces in resistant variety. Overall, polyamines were induced up to 3 DAT then after decline suggest their early role in plant defence mechanism, further PTR was found to be dominating polyamine during chickpea-Foc interaction under BS-K18 treatment. The Bacillus subtilis seed treatment leads to improve wilt tolerance in susceptible var. JG-62 through modulation of PAs, the same mechanism also helped to enhanced effectiveness of resistant var. WR-315.

Regeneration neurohormones and growth factors in echinoderms

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (7) ◽  
pp. 1171-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
M C Thorndyke ◽  
MD Candia Carnevali
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Regenerative Processes ◽  
Blastema Formation ◽  
Undifferentiated Cells ◽  
Growth Promoting

There has been much recent interest in the presence and biological functions of growth regulators in invertebrates. In spite of the different distribution patterns of these molecules in different phyla (from molluscs, insects, and annelids to echinoderms and tunicates), they seem always to be extensively involved in developmental processes, both embryonic and regenerative. Echinoderms are well known for their striking regenerative potential and many can completely regenerate arms that, for example, are lost following self-induced or traumatic amputation. Thus, they provide a valuable experimental model for the study of regenerative processes from the macroscopic to the molecular level. In crinoids as well as probably all ophiuroids, regeneration is rapid and occurs by means of a mechanism that involves blastema formation, known as epimorphosis, where the new tissues arise from undifferentiated cells. In asteroids, morphallaxis is the mechanism employed, replacement cells being derived from existing tissues following differentiation and (or) transdifferentiation. This paper focuses on the possible contribution of neurohormones and growth factors during both repair and regenerative processes. Three different classes of regulatory molecules are proposed as plausible candidates for growth-promoting factors in regeneration: neurotransmitters (monoamines), neuropeptides (substance P, SALMFamides 1 and 2), and growth-factor-like molecules (TGF-β (transforming growth factor β), NGF (nerve growth factor), RGF-2 (basic fibroblast growth factor)).

scholarly journals Fibroblast Growth Factors Stimulate Hair Growth throughβ-Catenin and Shh Expression in C57BL/6 Mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-hong Lin ◽  
Li-Jun Xiang ◽  
Hong-Xue Shi ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Li-ping Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Acidic Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Anagen Phase ◽  
Growth Promoting

Growth factors are involved in the regulation of hair morphogenesis and cycle hair growth. The present study sought to investigate the hair growth promoting activities of three approved growth factor drugs, fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF-10), acidic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-1), and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), and the mechanism of action. We observed that FGFs promoted hair growth by inducing the anagen phase in telogenic C57BL/6 mice. Specifically, the histomorphometric analysis data indicates that topical application of FGFs induced an earlier anagen phase and prolonged the mature anagen phase, in contrast to the control group. Moreover, the immunohistochemical analysis reveals earlier induction ofβ-catenin and Sonic hedgehog (Shh) in hair follicles of the FGFs-treated group. These results suggest that FGFs promote hair growth by inducing the anagen phase in resting hair follicles and might be a potential hair growth-promoting agent.

GROWTH FACTOR RELATIONSHIPS OF SOIL MICROORGANISMS AS AFFECTED BY PROXIMITY TO THE PLANT ROOT

1959 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. D. Cook ◽  
A. G. Lochhead
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Control Soil ◽  
Direct Stimulation ◽  
Soil Rhizosphere ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Stimulation Of

A comparison was made of the growth factor requirements and growth factor synthesizing capacity of bacteria from control soil, rhizosphere, and rhizoplane of wheat. Organisms for which growth factors were essential were proportionately much less abundant at or near the root than in more distant soil; this is ascribed chiefly to lower percentages of forms requiring thiamine, biotin, and vitamin B12. At the rhizoplane proportions of bacteria requiring growth factors were as low as, or lower than, in the rhizosphere. Bacteria capable of synthesizing growth-promoting substances were proportionately much more numerous in the root zone than in control soil. Somewhat greater capacity was shown by rhizoplane than by rhizosphere isolates. Fungi characteristic of the rhizoplane showed the highest capacity for vitamin production.The occurrence of growth-promoting substances at or near the root is attributable chiefly to microbial synthesis rather than to root excretion. This is the reverse of the situation believed to exist respecting amino acids. The preferential stimulation of growth factor synthesizing organisms is regarded as an indirect effect of plant growth—a reflection of the direct stimulation of amino acid requiring forms, a group with pronounced capacity for vitamin synthesis.

SOIL MICROORGANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH FLAX ROOTS

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Peterson ◽  
J. W. Rouatt
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Selective Action ◽  
Generic Composition ◽  
Disease Free

The root microflora of Bison flax, resistant to wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. lini, was compared with that of the wilt-susceptible variety Novelty. Plants grown in "disease-free" soil show that the susceptible variety harbors not only the most numerous, but also the most metabolically active bacterial flora on its roots. Generic classification of bacterial isolates shows a higher incidence of more active organisms, represented by Pseudomonas and Flavobacterium on roots of the susceptible crop, whereas the more slowly growing pleomorphic types such as Arthrobacter were most abundant on roots of the resistant variety. Fungi were also more numerous on roots of the susceptible crop, but the generic composition of rhizosphere populations of both varieties was similar to that of the soil itself. Fusarium oxysporum dominated the flora occurring in an active mycelial state on roots of the susceptible variety, whereas F. oxysporum and Phoma sp. were codominants in the active flora of the resistant crop. Tests with other soils showed that dominance of specific genera varies with soil type. The results indicate a selective action on the root microflora, particularly the bacteria, and suggest both quantitative and qualitative differences in root environments of the two flax varieties.

Alteration in b-1, 3 glucanase and chitinase activity in chickpea varieties infected with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri race 4

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. M. Shukla ◽  
K. P. Suthar
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzyme ◽  
Chitinase Activity ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Race 4

Alterations in b-1,3 glucanase and chitinase activity during host-pathogen interaction were studied in chickpea varieties JCP 27 (resistant) and JG 62 (susceptible) to vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri race 4. The enzyme activities were analyzed in root, stem and leaf tissues at three stages viz., pre-infection, infection and post-infection in normal and inoculated soil. The b-1,3 glucanase activity in root, stem and leaf tissues of susceptible variety found higher than those of resistant one at all the stages of infection under inoculated condition.. The chitinase activity in root and leaf tissues of susceptible variety was higher than the resistant variety at all infection stages in inoculated soil, whereas in stem tissue the activity level was higher in resistant variety at pre-infection and infection stages. Overall result revealed that b-1,3 glucanase showed higher induction with increase in inoculums pressure of the fungal pathogen, whereas hydrolytic enzyme chitinase was induced only when inoculum pressure of the fungal pathogen was severe.

Ultrastructure of the vascular responses of tobacco to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. nicotianae

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 1273-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Mueller ◽  
A. T. Morgham
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Vascular Occlusion ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Symptom Development ◽  
Polygenic Resistance ◽  
Vascular Responses ◽  
Eventual Death

The reactions of a broadleaf tobacco variety polygenically resistant to Fusarium wilt were compared with a susceptible variety. Symptoms of wilting, yellowing, and eventual death of leaves in the susceptible variety were associated with rapid movement of the fungus through the plant, whereas in the resistant variety the fungus was confined to the lower portion of the plant and symptoms occurred only on the lowermost leaves. The responses in the vascular tissue were similar in both varieties but appeared more intense in the resistant variety. Lipoidal wall coatings and occlusions occurred in the initially infected vessels. Apposition layers containing callose were deposited in the contact cells within 1 day of inoculation. Lipoidal occlusions occurred in the secondarily infected vessels, but apposition layers were not detected in the contact cells. Tyloses were not observed. Resistance is associated with the localization and slower movement of the fungus that is reflected in the observable differences in symptom development. Keywords: contact cells, Nicotiana tabacum, polygenic resistance, vascular occlusion.

Growth factor superfamilies and mammalian embryogenesis

Development ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mercola ◽  
C.D. Stiles
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
Mammalian Development ◽  
Mammalian Embryo ◽  
Developmental Fate ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Information ◽  
Mammalian Embryogenesis ◽  
Growth Promoting

With the availability of amino acid and nucleotide sequence information has come the realization that growth factors can be clustered in to superfamilies. Several of these superfamilies contain molecules that were not initially identified because of growth-promoting activities; rather they were discovered through their ability to regulate other processes. Certain members of these superfamilies are present during early mammalian embryogenesis. However, until recently, it has been difficult to manipulate the developing mammalian embryo to observe directly the effects of inappropriate, excessive, or reduced expression of these molecules. Despite this limitation, at least some of these molecules have been implicated in the control of differentiation and morphogenesis, two actions unpredicted from the cell biology of most of the growth factors. Moreover, these actions are reflected in nonmammalian species where homologues of the mammalian growth factors control crucial steps in the choice of developmental fate. This review describes five growth factor superfamilies and the role these molecules may have in controlling proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis during mammalian development.

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