THE NATURE OF THE ASSOCIATION OF EUROPHIUM TRINACRIFORME WITH POLE BLIGHT LESIONS

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 845-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Parker
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Stem Section ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
General Reduction

Europhium trinacriforme Parker was isolated from 11% of the lesions on western white pine affected with pole blight in the Interior of British Columbia and from 84% of the lesions on white pine on the Coast. This fungus was the only organism isolated more than twice from pole blight lesions and found to be pathogenic to white pine. However, it was unable to cause the pole blight condition within a period of 4 years after inoculation into healthy white pine. When this fungus was placed in wounds on white pine, lesions resulted which were similar to pole blight lesions in shape and in ability to cause resin exudation, but were otherwise dissimilar. On the basis of radial growth analysis it was evident that lesions occur following a general reduction in radial increment, and at the same time, or shortly after, the first crown symptoms of pole blight appear. Radial growth beneath lesions was nearly always less than in other parts of the stem section, indicating that both the position and extent of lesions are determined before they occur. Examinations of the number and size of lesions on pole blighted trees and the results of inoculations, isolations, and histological studies indicated that E. trinacriforme most likely gains entrance to lesions that are already formed from other causes and extends them.

An examination of regional, provenance, and family variation in cold hardiness of Pinusmonticola

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1917-1921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara R. Thomas ◽  
Donald T. Lester
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Regional Difference ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Seed Transfer ◽  
University Of British Columbia ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
The University

Seedlings from 29 seed lots of western white pine (Pinusmonticola Dougl. ex D. Don) from the British Columbia coast and interior ranges were tested for frost hardiness. Detached needles were exposed to a series of freezing temperatures, and relative hardiness was calculated based on visual scoring of injury. Seasonal progress in hardening was tested in seedlings maintained at the University of British Columbia (coastal) nursery. In addition, the same seed lots grown at a coastal and an interior field plantation were tested once during the hardening process. There was a significant (p = 0.04) regional difference between the coast and interior sources. The coastal region showed approximately 20% more damage than the interior region. Whereas provenances within a region did not differ in cold hardiness, families within a provenance did vary in this respect. The results suggest that the role of phenotypic plasticity in cold hardiness of P. monticola is reduced relative to other traits. It is recommended that seed transfer be restricted to within coastal and interior regions and that collections be bulked within a region.

Impact of Pine Leaf Aphid, Pineus pinifoliae (Chermidae) on its Secondary Host, Eastern White Pine

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 765-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. DeBoo ◽  
John B. Dimond ◽  
James H. Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Needle Length ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Normal Pattern ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Normal Branch ◽  
Lower Stem

AbstractPine leaf aphid infestation produces not only a general reduction in radial growth of white pine but also a modification of the normal pattern of annual radial increment along the length of the stem. The greatest growth reduction occurs in the lower stem with proportionately less in the midcrown area and least in the top. This appears to reflect the distribution of branch mortality which is greatest in the mid- and lower crown. Several defoliators studied by other workers produce the greatest effect on radial growth and on foliage survival in the tops of the tree.Stem elongation reduction occurs only after crown damage and aphid infestation becomes extreme. Lighter infestations are reflected, however, in reduced needle length in the year of attack followed by reduced branch elongation in the year following attack. The combination of stunted and normal needles alternating with stunted and normal branch internodes is probably a unique characteristic of pine leaf aphid damage.

Radial growth reductions of Pinusstrobus L. correlated with foliar ozone sensitivity as an indicator of ozone-induced losses in eastern forests

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 673-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. Benoit ◽  
J. M. Skelly ◽  
L. D. Moore ◽  
L. S. Dochinger
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
Blue Ridge ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Shenandoah National Park ◽  
Blue Ridge Mountains ◽  
Ozone Sensitivity ◽  
Blue Ridge Parkway ◽  
Increment Growth

A study of the radial increment growth of native eastern white pine (Pinusstrobus L.) evaluated the possible effects of oxidant air pollution (primarily ozone) in long-term growth of forest species in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia. Ten plots of three white pines of reproducing age (one each classified as tolerant, intermediate, and sensitive to ozone on a foliar basis) were sampled. Plots were dispersed over 446 km from the northern end of the Skyline Drive in Shenandoah National Park to the southern most part of the Blue Ridge Parkway in Virginia. Mean annual radial increment growth of the ozone sensitive trees was significantly smaller (P = 0.01) than that of tolerant trees for the period 1955–1978. Mean increment growth of all trees, regardless of their sensitivity to ozone, decreased during the period. Precipitation was positively correlated with radial growth in all sensitivity classes prior to 1964, but negatively correlated after 1964.

Tree species selection revisited for plantations in the Interior Cedar Hemlock zone of southern British Columbia

2013 ◽  
Vol 89 (03) ◽  
pp. 382-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Vyse ◽  
Michelle R. Cleary ◽  
Ian R. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Larix Occidentalis ◽  
Western Larch ◽  
Western White Pine

We provide results from two trials comparing performance of species of known provenance planted on logged sites in the southern Interior Cedar Hemlock biogeoclimatic zone of southern British Columbia 20 and 26 years after establishment. The commonly used plantation species, lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia), interior spruce (a naturally occurring hybrid between Picea glauca and P. engelmannii) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca), survived as well as, but grew more slowly than, western larch (Larix occidentalis), western white pine (Pinus monticola) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), and faster than western redcedar (Thuja plicata). Site index values were generally higher than published values for similar sites. Numerous pests affected all species in the trials. Mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) caused heavy mortality in lodgepole pine in part of one trial, and Armillaria root disease caused widespread damage to western larch and Douglas-fir in the other trial. Western white pine from local seed sources were severely damaged by white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) in both trials but a rust-resistant seed source used in one trial survived better. Frost damage reduced survival and growth of Douglas-fir in one trial and may have affected western white pine. Survival of two planted broadleaves (Betula papyrifera) and a hybrid of black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa) and black poplar (Populus nigra) was severely reduced by drought. The results support ongoing efforts to broaden the number of species used in British Columbia reforestation programs.

scholarly journals Early Height Growth of Western White Pine Provenances in British Columbia Plantations

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Meagher ◽  
R. S. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Seed Transfer ◽  
Geographic Patterns ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
A Site

Abstract To estimate the limits of seed transfer to and within British Columbia, heights of 36 western white pine (Pinus monticola) provenances 5-13 yr after planting on 24 sites, comprising 4 studies, were analyzed for geographic patterns. Thirty-six provenances were tested, with a maximum of 17 on a site. California and Oregon sources are not recommended due to poor height growth. Percentage differences between tallest and shortest provenances varied from 16% to 31%, depending on plantation series. Washington State and Idaho sources can be used on coastal sites but are not recommended on northern-interior sites. Northern-interior provenances are recommended for local sites, especially those beyond the species' natural range. The data support establishment of separate seed orchards, one for each of the coastal and interior portions of this disjunct species. West. J. Appl. For. 13(2):47-53.

Short-term effects of prescribed burning on radial growth of Douglas-fir trees in south central British Columbia

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 876
Author(s):  
M. C. Feller ◽  
W. Klenner
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
South Central

Radial increment of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco) trees in uncut and partially cut and grazed and ungrazed dry cool Interior Douglas-fir forests near Isobel Lake in southern central British Columbia was measured for 2-year periods before and after prescribed burning in burned and unburned (control) areas. Parameters thought to influence the effects of prescribed burning on tree growth – characteristics of the tree and its immediate environment, adjacent surface and ladder fuels, and fire effects – were also measured. Burning caused a decrease in tree radial growth. The proportional change in radial tree growth was not related to degree of cutting or the presence of cattle grazing, but was negatively correlated with preburn radial growth, tree size, and also with some fire effect variables, particularly char height, suggesting that an increasing proportional decline in radial growth was associated with increasing tree size and with increasing fire severity. Soil nutrient (N, S, P, K, Mg or Ca) level was not a significant determinant of tree growth. The best prediction model could only explain 23% of the variation in the change in radial growth. Our results show that the effects of fire on Douglas-fir radial growth are complex and difficult to predict with the variables measured.

History of western white pine and blister rust in British Columbia

2009 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Tree Resistance ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
History Of ◽  
Main Production

Blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) entered Europe about 300 years after eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) was first planted in Europe. North America imported millions of infected seedlings after blister rust was firmly established throughout Europe. Blister rust probably entered into western North America on multiple occasions and spread throughout British Columbia (BC) by about 1930. Two large saw mills solely cutting western white pine (P. monticola) started in the 1920s with the main production for matches. Blister rust surveys in the 1940s painted a poor picture for the future of western white pine in BC, so it was discriminated against in forest management plans. Harvest volumes declined and the 2 mills ceased production about 1960. Selection of resistant clones from mature parents occurred between 1948 and 1960, but when it was evident that mature tree resistance was not likely to be in their seedlings the program was terminated. A program based on screening seedlings was started in 1983. The selected seedlings are hypothesized to possess age-related resistance that is being expressed at an early age. These and the better parents are incorporated into orchards. Key words: Cronartium, white pine, surveys, match blocks, rust resistance, PR proteins

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