OBSERVATIONS ON AMYLOLYTIC BACTERIA: III. CULTURAL CONDITIONS INFLUENCING THE BREAKDOWN OF STARCH BY STENOTHERMOPHILIC BACTERIA BELONGING TO BACILLUS STEAROTHERMOPHILUS

1952 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 360-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egon Stark ◽  
P. A. Tetrault
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Soluble Starch ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ph Changes ◽  
Proteose Peptone ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Commercial Medium ◽  
Agar Media

Thirty-five cultures of Bacillus stearothermophilus hydrolyzed five starches under various cultural conditions. Hydrolysis occurred regardless of the type, brand, or batch of starch; regardless of the initial pH or of the subsequent pH changes of the medium. Starch in broth was better attacked than in agar media. Some cultures hydrolyzed 0.5%, but not 1% starch; others hydrolyzed easily 10% soluble starch. Length of incubation was important. Certain cultures never formed acid or sugar from starch. Dextrinization was a more reliable indication of starch hydrolysis than was the formation of acid or sugar. Soluble starch gave more consistent results in repeated experiments than did nonsoluble starches. The type of protein medium determines strongly the formation of amylase. Trypticase was the best commercial medium, yeast extract came second. The other 10 media yielded fewer amylolytic cultures. Yeast extract added to media enhanced amylase formation, except with trypticase. Tryptose, proteose-peptone, and neopeptone inhibited the growth of most cultures.

Recovery of Heat-stressed Spores of Bacillus stearothermophiluson Solid Media Containing Calcium- and Magnesium-deficient Agar

1993 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 706-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. SIKES ◽  
S. WHITFIELD ◽  
D. J. ROSANO
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soluble Starch ◽  
Trace Minerals ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Recovery Potential ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Solid Agar ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Mg Content

Recovery of heat-stressed (121.1°C) spores of Bacillus stearothermophilus (ATCC 12980) produced on solid sporulation agar media (Cook and Brown) and recovered on antibiotic assay medium + 0.1% soluble starch agar media appeared to be dependent on the concentration of two trace metals, calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), in the agar component of the nutrient growth medium. Results from the present investigation indicated that heat-stressed (121.1°C, 0–20 min) spores of B. stearothermophilus were not recovered on agar media containing commercial agar products from BBL, Bitek (Difco), and Oxoid; however, under similar experimental conditions, heat-stressed spores were recovered on solid agar media containing Bacto (Difco) or Acumedia agar products. Chemical analysis of the trace minerals content of all five agar products indicated that the Ca content (% dry weight) of BBL, Bitek, and Oxoid products was ≤0.01% of the dry weight; the Ca content of Bacto and Acumedia agars was 15- to 20-fold greater. Similarly, the Mg content varied considerably between agars. Bacto and Acumedia agar products contained 0.073 and 0.043% Mg, respectively; the Mg content of BBL, Bitek, and Oxoid products was 0.003, 0.006, and 0.0007%, respectively. The recovery potential of mineral-deficient agar media (Ca and Mg ≤0.01% of dry weight) was restored by increasing the Ca and Mg levels to those found in mineral sufficient agar media (≥0.2 and 0.06% Ca and Mg, respectively).

OBSERVATIONS ON AMYLOLYTIC BACTERIA: I. A SURVEY OF NAMED MESOPHILIC SPECIES ON SOLUBLE STARCH

1951 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egon Stark ◽  
P. A. Tetrault
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Soluble Starch ◽  
Rhizobium Trifolii ◽  
Pertinent Literature ◽  
Initial Ph

A survey was made of the ability of known, named, mesophilic strains of 40 bacterial species lo hydrolyze soluble starch in trypticase–yeast extract broth. The 40 species are either not described in Bergey's Manual as to their action on starch or they are listed as "not hvdrolyzing starch". Strains of 35 species hydrolyzed soluble starch, including seven spp. described as nonamyloytic. The latter were: Micrococcus pyogenes var. aureus, M. citreus, M. luteus, Escherichia coli, Erneinia carotovora, E. atroscptica, and Flazobacterium rhenanus. Strains of lour species failed to hydrolyze starch in repeated at tempts: Micrococcus sphaeroides, Goffkya tetragene, Neisseria catarrhalis, Serratia, rubida, Rhizobium trifolii failed to grow. The disappearance of the substrate is a more permanent characteristic than either the accumulation of acids or of reducing sugars. Additional tests are required when the starch iodine color is still blue after two weeks of incubation. The initial pH seems to influence amylase formation. Pertinent literature is quoted supporting the findings.

The effect of different nitrogen sources on pigment production and sporulation of Monascus species in submerged, shaken culture

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1360-1372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariette Carels ◽  
David Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Pigment Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Pigment Formation ◽  
Cultural Conditions

Thirty-nine strains from the genus Monascus were cultivated aerobically to study the relation between nitrogen nutrition and sporulation and pigment production. The effects of yeast extract, nitrate, ammonium, and ammonium nitrate have been compared. During cultivation the pHs of the different media are not the same, resulting in the formation of different coloured pigments. When the source of nitrogen is yeast extract or nitrate the pH is around 6.5 and red pigments are formed, whereas with ammonium or ammonium nitrate the pH is around 2.5 and the pigments are orange. It is proposed that only the orange pigments, monascorubrin and rubropunctatin, are produced biosynthetically and that the other pigments are formed from these by chemical transformations depending on the cultural conditions. The presence of organic nitrogen is optimal for growth and unfavourable for pigment production. Reduced growth and best pigment formation occurs with the three other nitrogen sources. Nitrate stimulates conidiation and sexual reproduction, while ammonium is inhibitory. Pigment production is better when conidiation is reduced. A mechanism is proposed for the control of sporulation and pigment production.

Metamorphosen des Autors im Internet

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
Julia Genz
Keyword(s):  
Web 2.0 ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
Periodic Schedule ◽  
Literary Authorship ◽  
The One ◽  
Death Of The Author

Digital media transform social options of access with regard to producers, recipients, and literary works of art themselves. New labels for new roles such as »prosumers « and »wreaders« attest to this. The »blogger« provides another interesting new social figure of literary authorship. Here, some old desiderata of Dadaism appear to find a belated realization. On the one hand, many web 2.0 formats of authorship amplify and widen the freedom of literary productivity while at the same time subjecting such production to a periodic schedule. In comparison to the received practices of authors and recipients many digital-cultural forms of narrating engender innovative metalepses (and also their sublation). Writing in the net for internet-publics enables the deliberate dissolution of the received autobiographical pact with the reader according to which the author’s genuine name authenticates the author’s writing. On the other hand, the digital-cultural potential of dissolving the autobiographical pact stimulates scandals of debunking and unmasking and makes questions of author-identity an issue of permanent contestation. Digital-cultural conditions of communication amplify both: the hideand- seek of authorship as well as the thwarting of this game by recipients who delight in playing detective. In effect, pace Foucault’s and Barthes’ postulates of the death of the author, the personality and biography of the author once again tend to become objects of high intrinsic value

scholarly journals Alpha Amylase from Bacillus pacificus Associated with Brown Algae Turbinaria ornata: Cultural Conditions, Purification, and Biochemical Characterization

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Mona Alonazi ◽  
Aida Karray ◽  
Ahmed Yacine Badjah-Hadj-Ahmed ◽  
Abir Ben Bacha
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Bacterial Symbionts ◽  
Terminal Sequence ◽  
Turbinaria Ornata ◽  
Substrate Analogs ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Application Data ◽  
High Degree

We aimed in the current study, the identification of a marine bacterial amylase produced by Bacillus pacificus, which was associated with Turbinaria ornata. Cultural conditions were optimized for the highest amylase production on Tryptic soy broth media supplemented with starch 1% at initial pH 9, 55 °C for 24 h. The newly purified amylase was characterized for a possible biotechnological application. Data indicated that the obtained amylase with a molecular weight of 40 kD and the N-terminal sequence of the first 30 amino acids of amBp showed a high degree of homology with known alpha amylase, and was stable at 60 °C of pH 11. Among the tested substrate analogs, amBp was almost fully active on Alylose and Alylopectine (97%), but moderately hydrolyzed glycogen < sucrose < maltose < lactose. Therefore, the current amylase mainly generated maltohexaose from starch. Mg2+ and Zn2+ improved amylase activity up to 170%. While ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) similarly induced the greatest activity with purified amylase, PCMB had the least effect. Regarding all these characteristics, amylase from marine bacterial symbionts amBp has a new promising feature for probable therapeutic, industrial, and nutritional applications.

Degradation of chlorpyriphos in water by advanced oxidation processes

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Murillo ◽  
J. Sarasa ◽  
M. Lanao ◽  
J. L. Ovelleiro
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Advanced Oxidation Processes ◽  
Advanced Oxidation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Oxidation Processes ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Initial Ph

The degradation of chlorpyriphos by different advanced oxidation processes such as photo-Fenton, TiO2, TiO2/H2O2, O3 and O3/H2O2 was investigated. The photo-Fenton and TiO2 processes were optimized using a solar chamber as light source. The optimum dosages of the photo-Fenton treatment were: [H2O2]=0.01 M; [Fe3 + ]=10 mg l−1; initial pH = 3.5. With these optimum conditions total degradation was observed after 15 minutes of reaction time. The application of sunlight was also efficient as total degradation was achieved after 60 minutes. The optimum dosage using only TiO2 as catalyst was 1,000 mg l−1, obtaining the maximum degradation at 20 minutes of reaction time. On the other hand, the addition of 0.02 M of H2O2 to a lower dosage of TiO2 (10 mg l−1) provides the same degradation. The ozonation treatment achieved complete degradation at 30 minutes of reaction time. On the other hand, it was observed that the degradation was faster by adding H2O2 (H2O2/O3 molar ratio = 0.5). In this case, total degradation was observed after 20 minutes.

Isolation, Identification and Degradation Characterization of Synthetic Dyes Degrading Strain

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 3140-3143
Author(s):  
Hui Xing Liang
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Complex Chemical ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Cultural Medium ◽  
Initial Ph

Dyes are usually difficult to be decolorized due to their complex chemical structures. In this work, a bacterium which had the ability of decoloration on synthetic dyes was isolated from Yancheng printworks and was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The effects of concentration of the dye concentration, cultural time, cultural temperature and initial pH of cultural medium on the efficiency of decoloration were investigated. The result showed that the optimal cultural conditions was: dye concentration was 50mg.L-1, cultural time was 72 h, cultural temperature was 28°C, initial pH of cultural medium was 7.0.

Optimization of the Fermentation Conditions for 1-Deoxynojirimycin Production by Streptomyces lawendulae Applying the Response Surface Methodology

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao-Jun Wei ◽  
Le-Chun Zhou ◽  
Hua Chen ◽  
Gui-Hai Chen
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Soluble Starch ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Strain ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Ethyl Sulfate ◽  
Initial Ph

Moranoline (1-Deoxynojirimycin, DNJ) is a piperidine alkaloid, and shows high inhibit activities to glucoamylase and ?-glucosidase. One DNJ high-yield strain of Streptomyces lawendulae was obtained after isolated form soil and mutated with the ultra violet (UV) and ethyl sulfate (DES), which named as TB-412, and can produce DNJ with 35.925 mg/L. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the parameters of DNJ yield from S. lawendulae TB-412. The effects of independent variables of fermentation, including time, temperature, initial pH and the soluble starch content were investigated. The statistical analysis showed that the fermentation time, pH and the soluble starch content, and the quadratics of time, temperature, pH and the soluble starch content, as well as the interactions between fermentation time and pH, and time and the soluble starch content, showed significant effects on DNJ yield. The optimal process parameters for DNJ production within the experimental range of the variables researched was at 11d, 27 °C, pH 7.5, and 8% soluble starch content. At this condition, the DNJ yield was predicted to be 42.875 mg/L.

Optimization of Technical Parameters on the Medium Formulation and Culture Conditions in Production of Pleurotus eryngii Liquid Spawn

2021 ◽  
pp. 1019-1036
Author(s):  
Chol Jong ◽  
MyongIl Jin ◽  
YongChol Ju ◽  
DeTian Li ◽  
HaiFeng Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Surface Analysis ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pleurotus Eryngii ◽  
Response Surface Analysis ◽  
Liquid Volume ◽  
Rotating Speed ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Liquid Spawn

Liquid spawn, an important technical support for industrial production of edible fungi, has some advantages, such as fast growth, strong activity, uniform quality and easy inoculation. However，the study of the fermentation parameters of Pleurotus eryngii liquid spawn is less, which cannot effectively guide the production practice. Therefore, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the production of liquid spawn and industrial production of Pleurotus eryngii, response surface analysis was used to optimize the liquid spawn formula and conditions. The best carbon and nitrogen source of liquid medium was glucose and yeast extract, respectively. The optimum formula of medium was obtained by response surface analysis. Combined with the practical operation, the formula was modified to 29.00 g/L glucose, 2.90g/L yeast extract, 0.90g/L KH2PO4 and 1.00g/L MgSO4. The effects of various factors on the dry weight of mycelia were analyzed, the results indicated that the influence follow the sequence: glucose, KH2PO4, yeast extract and MgSO4, among them, the first two factors had significant effect. The interaction between glucose and KH2PO4 had obviously effects on the dry weight of mycelia. The interaction between glucose and yeast extract had a certain effect. The optimum culture conditions of liquid spawn were obtained by response surface analysis. Combined with the actual situation, the conditions were modified to liquid volume 106.00mL/250mL, rotating speed 165.00r/min, temperature 23.60℃, initial pH 6.70. The effects of various factors on the dry weight of mycelia was analyzed, the results indicated that the influence follow the sequence: initial pH, liquid volume, temperature and rotating speed, among them, the first three factors had extremely significant effect. The interaction of liquid volume and rotating speed, temperature and initial pH had obviously effects on mycelial dry weight.

scholarly journals Phenotypic correlations among meat quality traits in broilers

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1475-1481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana Bertollini de Jesus Silva ◽  
Leila de Genova Gaya ◽  
Ana Paula Madureira ◽  
Graziela Tarôco ◽  
José Bento Sterman Ferraz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Ph Measurements ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Meat Quality Traits ◽  
Initial Ph

The goals of this research were to estimate the phenotypic correlations among various meat quality traits from a male broiler line and to describe the relation among these variables. Phenotypical correlations were determined among quality traits, isolating the effects of slaughter date, the age of the mother and sex. The evaluated traits were pH measurements taken at time 0 and at 6 and 24 hours after slaughtering, color parameters, water loss due to exudation, thawing and cooking of the meat, and shear force. Important associations (P<0.01) were found to be significant and, in most cases, weak or moderate, varying from -0.35 to 0.28. The initial pH of the meat was not associated (P>0.05) to the other traits of the meat, whereas the pH at 24 hours after slaughter was able of directly interfering with the attributes of the meat, since this trait was inversely related with lightness and water losses, which indicates an effect of pH fall along 24h after slaughtering on protein denaturation. This study demonstrates that the variables of poultry meat quality are related and that there is a phenotypical association between lightness and cooking losses and the other attributes of the meat. The pH at 24 hours after slaughtering, lightness and cooking losses could be efficient meat quality indicators in this broiler line.

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