PHIALOPHORA RADICICOLA CAIN, A CORN ROOTROT PATHOGEN

1952 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. McKeen
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Sexual Stage ◽  
Corn Roots ◽  
Infected Root ◽  
Infection Threads ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Host Relations ◽  
Apparently Healthy

During the summer of 1950, Phialophora radicicola, was found on corn roots in soil near Chatham, Ridgetown, and Harrow, Ont. Owing to its color and parasite-host relations, it may have been mistaken previously for Rhizoctonia solani or a Rhizophagus species. It can be isolated only when a piece of apparently healthy corn root tissue with the adhering mycelium is removed from an infected root and placed on agar media. After two or three months of culture on nutrient and on potato dextrose agar, P. radicicola lost its ability to sporulate, but this ability was revived when it was cultured on moist corn roots. No sexual stage of the organism has been found. The fungus may attack corn roots at any time throughout the season and its brown runner-hyphae or macrohyphae grow parallel to the roots. The finer infection hyphae or microhyphae penetrate the outer root tissue and their infection threads are surrounded by "wall tubules". The fungus is quite aggressive, but not very pathogenic, and apparently it is followed by numerous secondary organisms. The similarity of this organism to Ophiobolus graminis is very noticeable.

scholarly journals Rusted Root of Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) Is Caused by a Species of Rhexocercosporidium

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (11) ◽  
pp. 1243-1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Reeleder ◽  
S. M. T. Hoke ◽  
Yun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Its Region ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Panax Quinquefolius ◽  
Oligonucleotide Primers ◽  
Infected Root ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Dna Fragment ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Rusted root (also known as rusty root) of ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) was first described over 70 years ago, but the causal agent has not been clearly established. The disease is characterized by slightly raised reddish-brown to black root lesions of varying size. The lesions, regardless of size, remain superficial; however, peridermal tissue is ruptured and sloughed off, giving the root a scabbed appearance. Culture-independent techniques were used to demonstrate that a fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region DNA fragment was strongly associated with diseased but not healthy root tissue. The fragment (≈ 650 bp in length) was cloned. Restriction enzyme digests of cloned DNA indicated that the 650-bp fragment represented a single taxon. BLAST analysis following sequencing of the fragment found that the nearest matches in GenBank were anamorphic genera associated with discomycetes, in particular Rhexocercosporidium spp. This putative identification was supported further by isolating fungi from diseased tissue using a semiselective agar medium. With this procedure, a Rhexocercosporidium-like fungus was isolated; DNA extracted from fungal cultures and amplified using ITS oligonucleotide primers was found to be identical to similarly amplified DNA from the 650-bp bands. However, the isolates were distinct, with respect to growth rate on agar media and ITS sequence, from Rhexocercosporidium carotae, the only described species in this genus. The ability to reproduce symptoms on ginseng roots was confirmed in pathogenicity tests. Oligonucleotide primers based on ITS sequences were designed to amplify DNA of Rhexocercosporidium spp. Polymerase chain reaction assays on DNA extracted from naturally infected root tissue showed that the fungus was present in nearly all symptomatic roots but was infrequent in healthy-appearing roots. The most probable cause of rusted root of ginseng is a previously undescribed species of Rhexocercosporidium.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Fusarium species in maize grains for silage

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 1235-1240
Author(s):  
V. Krnjaja ◽  
J. Levic ◽  
S. Stankovic ◽  
Z. Bijelic ◽  
V. Mandic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Nutrient Agar ◽  
Maize Hybrid ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Genus Fusarium ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Late Maturity

Grain samples of two maize hybrids, medium early (ZP434) and late maturity (ZP704), collected during harvest in 2008 were investigated for contamination by fungi. Grains were plated on agar media and grown fungi were identified by morphological macroscopic and microscopic characteristics on potato-dextrose agar (PDA) and synthetic nutrient agar (SNA). Species of the genus Fusarium were the most common in both hybrids, and their presence amounted to 33.89% (ZP434) and 42% (ZP704). Other fungi of genera, Acremonium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Chaetomium, Cladosporium, Nigrospora, Penicillium, Rhizopus and Trichotecium, were isolated from 0 to 41%. Four species belonging to the genus Fusarium were identified, of which the species F. verticillioides was the most common with 28.63% in ZP434 and 30.5% in ZP704 hybrids. The presence of F. graminearum, F. proliferatum and F. subglutinans ranged from 3% (ZP704) to 5% (ZP434), 0.13% (ZP434) to 7% (ZP704) and 0.13% (ZP434) to 7% (ZP704), respectively. Generally, the incidence of every particular fungus was higher in the late maize hybrid with a higher moisture content than in the medium-early hybrid with a lower moisture content.

Napropamide Uptake, Transport, and Metabolism in Corn (Zea mays) and Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 697-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Barrett ◽  
Floyd M. Ashton
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Tomato Root ◽  
Corn Roots ◽  
Tomato Roots ◽  
Absorption Studies ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth

Napropamide [2-(α-napthoxy)-N,N-diethylpropionamide] inhibited root and shoot growth in corn (Zea maysL. ‘NC+ 59’) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentumMill. ‘Niagara VF315’) seedlings. Shoot growth was reduced less than root growth in both species. Corn roots were approximately 10 times more sensitive to napropamide than were tomato roots. Translocation of napropamide from the roots to the shoot of tomato occurred within 0.5 h and followed an apoplastic pattern. Little movement of napropamide from the roots to the shoots occurred in corn. Metabolism of napropamide was not evident in either species during an 8-h exposure. Absorption studies showed that total napropamide levels were 60% higher in corn root tissue than in tomato root tissue. The greater napropamide content in the corn roots was associated with a tightly bound fraction of the total napropamide influx.

Production of perithecia by isolates of Gnomonia fructicola

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-51
Author(s):  
C. O. Gourley
Keyword(s):  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Cornmeal Agar

More isolates of Gnomonia fructicola formed perithecia on Leonian's agar than on potato-dextrose or cornmeal agar. Fortifying these media with a strawberry petiole extract stimulated perithecium formation on potato-dextrose agar but not on Leonian's or cornmeal agar. All eight isolates studied produced perithecia on strawberry petioles and one produced them only on petioles. The eight isolates segregated into four cultural races according to their ability to form perithecia on the agar media and petioles. This explains why different media have been reported to be best for perithecium production in this fungus.

Characterization of Rhizoctonia spp. isolates collected from Phaseolus vulgaris in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 84 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Echávez-Badel ◽  
Jorge E. Gómez-Galvé ◽  
Myrna Alameda-Lozada
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Reliable Method ◽  
Anastomosis Group ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
Sexual Stage

Thirteen isolates collected from soil samples, infected seeds, hypocotyls, leaves and pods of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) grown in the northwestern, southern and western areas of Puerto Rico were identified as Rhizoctonia solani (Rs), and one as binucleate Rhizoctonia sp. (Rb). All isolates were characterized by the nuclear condition of the hyphae cell and the anastomosis technique. Seven Rs isolates (54%) were classified into anastomosis group AG 4, and six (46%) were assigned to AG 1. The microsclerotic Rb isolate did not anastomose with any of the AG testers. The AG 4 isolates produced only microsclerotia. Five AG 1 isolates (36%) were macrosclerotic, and one was microsclerotia The Rs isolates and the Rb isolate differed in mycelia radial growth after 48 h of incubation at 28° C on acidified potato dextrose agar. The sexual stage of the isolates was not observed throughout this research. Storing dried beet (Beta vulgaris L.) seeds colonized by R. solani for at least a year at 4° C in the dark seems to be a reliable method to ensure viability and virulence of the pathogen.

scholarly journals Lignin induction in roots of Japanese radish by an homogenate of downy mildew-infected root tissue.

1978 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isao MATSUMOTO ◽  
Tomizo OHGUCHI ◽  
Masateru INOUE ◽  
Yasuji ASADA
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Infected Root ◽  
Japanese Radish

scholarly journals Evaluation of Bioagents and Biofertilizers for the Managament of Seed and Seedling Diseases of Sesamum indicum (Sesame)

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venturla Bharathi ◽  
Ravuru Sudhakar ◽  
K. Parimala ◽  
Vishnuvardhan A. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Sesame Seeds ◽  
Agar Media

The study was carried out to evaluate the response of biopeticides and biofertilizers on seed mycoflora and seed quality parameters of Sesame (Sesamum  indicum  L.). Untreated Sesame seeds were collected from farmers of Nizamabad and Karimanagar districts of Andhra Pradesh in India and discolored seeds were separated and treated with biofertilizers and biopesticides alone and in combination form. The seed mycoflora of Sesame seeds were screened by using Potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium and czaepek dox agar media. The results indicate that maximum numbers of fungi were recorded on PDA. The untreated seeds were found to be associated with maximum percent incidence of mycoflora and minimum population was recorded in the treatment of Trichoderma + Pseudomonas formulation followed by Azat obacter + Trichoderma, Pseudomonas and Azatobacter in the decreasing order of efficacy. This study also showed relation of biofertilizers and biopesticides and seed mycoflora on seed germination. Germination percentage was maximum in the treatment Trichoderma + Pseudomonas formulation, Azatobacter + Trichoderma, Pseudomonas and Azatobacter recording 96%, 94%, 90% and 88%, respectively. In the control, germination percentage was minimum compared with other treatments. Seeds treated with the mixed formulation were found beneficial in reducing the pathogenic fungi and decreasing seedling mortality.

scholarly journals Microbial Isolation from Gastrointestinal Tract of Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
Nurul Aini
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Nutrient Agar ◽  
Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Microbial Isolation ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
De Man ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

The purpose of this research was to describe the characteristics and number of microbes that grow in the gastrointestinal tract of catfish and to determine the potential of microbes as probiotics. The type of this research was observational conducted on 30 September-15 October 2018 at the Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya. Microbial isolation using NA (Nutrient Agar), MRSA (de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe Agar) and PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) media. The fish that used is catfish that are bred in ponds at Desa Tlasih, Kecamatan Tulangan, Kabupaten Sidoarjo, East Java. The identification includes microscopic and macroscopic characteristics. Based on the research that has been done, it can be concluded that there are 8 kinds of bacterial colonies in NA media, on PDA media there are 8 kinds of fungi, and on MRSA media there are 2 bacterial colonies and each has different macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. The total number of bacteria growing in NA and MRSA media respectively were 8.7 x 104 CFU / gram and 1.2 x 105 CFU / gram. It is suspected that there are potential bacteria as beneficial probiotics for catfish which still need further research. Keywords: catfish, gastrointenstinal tract, microbes, bacteria, fungi

scholarly journals Alternative medium for the growth of endophytic fungi

2021 ◽  
Vol 886 (1) ◽  
pp. 012045
Author(s):  
Syamsia Syamsia ◽  
Abubakar Idhan ◽  
Husnah Latifah ◽  
Noerfitryani Noerfityani ◽  
Aidil Akbar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Organic Medium ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Organic Media ◽  
Alternative Ingredients ◽  
Agar Media

Abstract Medium for the growth of endophytic fungi generally uses Potato Dextrose Agar media, but because the price is expensive, it is necessary to find materials for alternative media from organic materials that are easy to obtain and inexpensive. The legume group was one of the alternative ingredients as the source of protein, corn, and rice as the source of carbohydrates for the growth medium. This study aimed to determine the potential of organic matter such as rice, corn, and legumes as a medium for the growth of endophytic fungi. The research methods included: rejuvenation of endophytic fungus isolation, preparation of organic medium from rice, corn, legumes, and potatoes, growth test of endophytic fungus on 4 types of organic media.

A 3-Vinyl Cephem Derivative, a Useful Intermediate in the Synthesis of Cepham Antibiotics, from Aspergillus awamori Associated with Banana Fruit

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501001 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.M.S.K.H Bandara ◽  
N. Savitri Kumar ◽  
Lalith Jayasinghe ◽  
Hironori Masubuti ◽  
Yoshinori Fujimoto
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Chromatographic Separation ◽  
Musa Acuminata ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Natural Source ◽  
Aspergillus Awamori ◽  
Banana Fruit ◽  
Potato Dextrose Broth ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
First Time

Aspergillus awamori was isolated from a diseased banana fruit, Musa acuminata cv. Ambul. The fungus was fermented in potato dextrose broth and on potato dextrose agar media and the fungal media were extracted with EtOAc. Chromatographic separation of the EtOAc extracts furnished 4-methoxybenzyl 7-phenylacetamido-3-vinyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate (1), along with three naphtho-γ-pyrones, flavasperone (2), foncesinone A (3) and aurasperone A (4), and three alkaloids, aspernigrin A (5), pestalamide C (6) and nigragillin (7). Compound 1, a known key intermediate in the chemical synthesis of cepham antibiotics, was isolated from a natural source for the first time. Compound 1 is the first 3-vinyl cephem derivative of microbial origin.

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